HESI LPN RN entrance exam mobility exams 2026 New version

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (A) Stable angina

Stable angina is characterized by a predictable, consistent pattern of chest pain that occurs with a specific level of exertion, such as physical activity, and is relieved by rest or reducing activity. Since this client's pain reliably occurs with exertion, follows a consistent pattern, and resolves with rest, and this pattern has remained unchanged over time, it is characteristic of stable angina.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

B. Unstable angina — Unstable angina involves a new, worsening, or increasingly frequent pattern of chest pain, often occurring at rest or with minimal exertion, which does not match this client's consistent, exertion-related, unchanged pattern.

C. Variant angina — Variant, or Prinzmetal's, angina results from coronary artery spasm and typically occurs at rest, often in a cyclical pattern unrelated to exertion, which differs from this client's activity-triggered pain.

D. Intractable angina — Intractable angina refers to chronic, incapacitating chest pain that is resistant to medical treatment, which is not reflected in this client's stable, exertion-related, and resolving pattern of pain.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (B) Review the client's daily weight trends and intake and output records

Reviewing the client's daily weight trends and intake and output records allows the nurse to gather essential objective data about fluid balance over the past several days. This independent nursing action helps establish the pattern and extent of fluid retention before further interventions are pursued, and it provides the health care provider with meaningful data if further orders are needed.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

A. Contact the health care provider to request an increased diuretic dose — Requesting a specific medication change is outside the LPN/LVN's scope of practice and should not occur before first gathering supporting assessment data.

C. Apply compression stockings to both lower extremities — Compression stockings require a provider's order and are not an appropriate independent first action without further assessment of the underlying cause of the edema.

D. Restrict the client's oral fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day — Fluid restriction requires a provider's prescription and should not be implemented independently by the nurse without further data collection and provider input.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to develop protection against specific infectious diseases before exposure occurs. Immunization greatly reduces the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, long-term complications, and death. It also contributes to community protection by reducing disease transmission.

Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

A. Vaccines significantly reduce disease risk but do not eliminate every illness.

C. Immunizations begin in infancy and continue throughout childhood according to recommended schedules.

D. Healthy children also require vaccinations for protection.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (A, B, D, F) Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position with legs dangling; Administering intravenous furosemide (Lasix); Administering supplemental oxygen; Preparing to administer intravenous morphine sulfate

In acute pulmonary edema, positioning the client upright with legs dangling helps reduce venous return to the heart and maximizes lung expansion, easing the work of breathing. Furosemide promotes rapid diuresis to relieve fluid overload, oxygen addresses hypoxia caused by impaired gas exchange from alveolar fluid accumulation, and morphine sulfate reduces anxiety, decreases preload, and eases respiratory effort.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

C. Restricting the client's fluid intake — While fluid management is part of long-term heart failure care, restricting intake is not an emergent intervention for treating acute pulmonary edema and does not directly relieve the crisis.

E. Encouraging the client to lie flat to reduce cardiac workload — Lying flat worsens dyspnea in pulmonary edema by increasing venous return to the heart and further compromising lung expansion; the client should instead remain upright.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (B) Avoid activities that involve straining, such as heavy lifting

Activities that involve straining, such as heavy lifting or forceful bowel movements, increase intra-abdominal pressure and blood pressure, both of which place additional stress on the weakened aortic wall and raise the risk of aneurysm expansion or rupture. Teaching the client to avoid these activities, along with controlling blood pressure through prescribed antihypertensives, is a key component of conservative management for an AAA.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

A. Increase dietary sodium intake to maintain adequate blood volume — Increasing sodium intake would contribute to fluid retention and elevated blood pressure, which increases stress on the aneurysm rather than protecting it.

C. Limit fluid intake to less than 1,500 mL per day — Fluid restriction is not a standard or necessary measure for managing an AAA and is not supported by clinical guidelines for this condition.

D. Perform isometric exercises daily to strengthen abdominal muscles — Isometric exercises involve muscle straining that raises intra-abdominal pressure and blood pressure, which could increase the risk of aneurysm rupture rather than reduce it.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (C) Supine position with the residual limb elevated on a pillow for the initial postoperative period

Elevating the residual limb during the initial postoperative period helps reduce edema and promotes venous return following amputation. This elevation is typically limited to the first 24 hours, after which prolonged elevation is avoided to reduce the risk of hip flexion contracture; the client is instead positioned periodically prone or with the limb flat to maintain proper joint alignment.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

A. Prone position for the entire shift to prevent hip flexion contracture — While brief periods of prone positioning are used later to prevent contractures, remaining prone for an entire shift immediately postoperatively is impractical and not the initial positioning priority.

B. Semi-Fowler's position with the residual limb elevated on a pillow for the first 24 hours — Semi-Fowler's position with prolonged hip flexion, even with limb elevation, increases the risk of hip flexion contracture and is not the recommended initial position.

D. Side-lying position with the residual limb in a dependent position — A dependent position would worsen edema by impeding venous return, making this inappropriate for the initial postoperative period.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (B) "I'll wear my compression stockings and remove them only for bathing."

Compression stockings help promote venous return and prevent blood stasis in the lower extremities, which reduces the risk of clot formation, particularly after surgery when immobility increases this risk. Wearing them consistently, removing them only for bathing as instructed, reflects an accurate understanding of how to minimize the risk of thrombophlebitis.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

A. "I'll cross my legs while sitting to help improve blood flow." — Crossing the legs actually compresses veins and impairs venous return, increasing rather than decreasing the risk of thrombophlebitis.

C. "I can wait until I feel leg pain before I start moving around." — Waiting for pain before initiating movement is incorrect, as early and regular mobility, along with leg exercises, is essential to prevent venous stasis and clot formation.

D. "I should limit my fluid intake to prevent excess swelling in my legs." — Adequate fluid intake is actually recommended to prevent hemoconcentration, which can increase the risk of clot formation; fluid restriction is not an appropriate measure for preventing thrombophlebitis.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (A) The client's ability to accurately palpate and count the radial pulse daily

Teaching the client to accurately monitor his or her own pulse allows for ongoing, long-term detection of abnormalities in heart rate that could indicate pacemaker malfunction, battery depletion, or an underlying cardiac rhythm problem. This self-monitoring skill has lasting value well beyond the immediate recovery period and empowers the client to identify concerning changes and seek timely medical attention throughout the pacemaker's lifespan.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

B. The client's understanding of which household electronic devices to avoid — This concern is largely outdated with modern pacemaker shielding technology and has minimal ongoing impact compared to the client's ability to self-monitor cardiac status.

C. The client's knowledge of activity restrictions during the first postoperative week — This is important for short-term healing and lead stabilization but does not have the same long-term impact on ongoing cardiac health monitoring.

D. The client's understanding of proper incision care during the healing period — While important for preventing infection during recovery, this is a short-term concern rather than one with lasting impact on long-term cardiac health.

Explanation:

Correct Answer: (A) "I plan to go for a brisk 30-minute walk most days of the week."

Regular aerobic exercise, such as a brisk 30-minute walk most days of the week, is a cornerstone of managing coronary artery disease. It helps improve cardiovascular fitness, promotes collateral circulation, assists with weight management, and reduces overall cardiovascular risk, reflecting accurate understanding of disease management strategies.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

B. "As long as I take my medications, I don't need to worry about my diet." — This statement reflects a misunderstanding, as dietary modification remains an essential component of CAD management even while taking prescribed medications; medications alone do not replace the need for lifestyle changes.

C. "My weight shouldn't affect how well I manage this condition." — This is incorrect, as maintaining a healthy weight helps reduce cardiac workload and is an important modifiable factor in managing coronary artery disease.

D. "Since my mother had heart disease, there's nothing I can really do to change my own risk." — While family history is a non-modifiable risk factor, this statement reflects a misunderstanding, as clients can still significantly reduce their overall cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes and modifiable risk factor management.