ATI PN 112 Exam 3 Urinary/Male/Female Reproduction 12/25
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Free ATI PN 112 Exam 3 Urinary/Male/Female Reproduction 12/25 Questions
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has benign prostatic hypertrophy and has a new prescription for finasteride. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels will increase while taking this medication
- Expect to experience a response from the medication in 1 week
- Avoid taking the medication with grapefruit juice
Explanation
Finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, can reduce dihydrotestosterone levels, leading to adverse effects such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and ejaculatory disorders. Clients should be informed that sexual side effects are possible and to report any persistent changes to their provider. PSA levels typically decrease with finasteride therapy, and the therapeutic response may take several months rather than 1 week. There are no known interactions with grapefruit juice, so this restriction is not necessary.
A nurse is collecting data for a female client who has genital herpes. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- Oliguria
- Polyuria
- Dysuria
- Anuria
Explanation
Genital herpes commonly causes painful urination (dysuria) due to lesions and inflammation of the genital mucosa. The viral infection can irritate the urethra, making urination uncomfortable or burning. Other urinary changes such as oliguria, polyuria, or anuria are not typical manifestations of genital herpes and usually indicate separate urinary tract or renal conditions. Recognizing dysuria helps the nurse provide appropriate symptomatic relief and patient education regarding hygiene and antiviral management.
A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Which of the following reactions from the client should the nurse initially expect?
- Denial
- Acceptance
- Anger
- Bargaining
Explanation
Denial is often the initial reaction when a client receives a serious diagnosis like ovarian cancer. It serves as a temporary coping mechanism, allowing the client time to process the information and gradually come to terms with the reality of the illness. Recognizing denial helps the nurse provide appropriate emotional support, reinforce information as the client becomes ready, and facilitate involvement in treatment planning and decision-making.
A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?
- Obtain weekly weight
- Encourage increased fluid intake
- Encourage frequent ambulation
- Place the client on a low-sodium diet
Explanation
A low-sodium diet is recommended for clients with acute glomerulonephritis to help manage fluid retention and hypertension, common complications of impaired kidney function. Limiting sodium reduces edema and prevents exacerbation of high blood pressure, which can further damage the kidneys. Monitoring fluid balance and blood pressure in conjunction with dietary modifications helps support renal function and overall cardiovascular stability.
An older adult client in a long-term care facility has dementia and begins to have frequent episodes of urinary incontinence. After the provider finds no medical cause for his incontinence, which of the following interventions should the nurse initiate to manage this behavior?
- Request a prescription for an indwelling urinary catheter
- Use adult diapers to prevent frequent clothing changes
- Remind the client to tell the nurse when he has to urinate
- Take the client to the bathroom on an every-2-hr schedule
Explanation
Implementing a scheduled toileting plan, such as taking the client to the bathroom every 2 hours, is an effective behavioral intervention for managing urinary incontinence in clients with dementia. This approach reduces episodes of incontinence by providing regular opportunities to void, supports the client’s dignity, and promotes independence. Unlike adult diapers or relying on verbal reminders—which may not be effective due to cognitive impairment—scheduled toileting addresses the behavior proactively. Indwelling catheters are avoided unless medically necessary, as they increase the risk of infection and other complications.
A nurse is caring for a male client who reports nausea and vomiting and is receiving IV fluid therapy. The client's BUN is 32 mg/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, and hematocrit 50%. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- Continue routine care because the results are within the expected reference range
- Evaluate urine output for amount and urine for specific gravity
- Decrease the IV fluid infusion rate and limit oral fluid intake
- Collect a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
Explanation
The client’s elevated BUN and hematocrit suggest possible dehydration, likely due to nausea and vomiting, even though creatinine is within the normal range. Evaluating urine output and specific gravity helps assess kidney perfusion and hydration status. Monitoring these parameters guides appropriate fluid replacement and prevents complications such as acute kidney injury. Continuing routine care or limiting fluids would risk worsening dehydration, and a urine culture is not indicated without signs of infection.
A nurse is assisting in planning care for a client who has cystitis. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care?
- Inform the client that taking Vitamin E supplements will decrease the incidence of cystitis.
- Instruct the client to take antibiotics until dysuria is no longer present.
- Direct the client to wash underclothing in bleach.
- Instruct the client to avoid drinking caffeinated beverages.
Explanation
Caffeine is a known bladder irritant that can increase urinary urgency, frequency, and discomfort, which are common symptoms of cystitis. Advising the client to avoid caffeinated beverages helps minimize bladder irritation and promotes symptom relief. This intervention supports overall comfort, aids in reducing exacerbation of inflammation, and complements medical treatment such as antibiotics. By avoiding bladder irritants, the client can better manage the infection and prevent worsening of urinary symptoms.
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has urolithiasis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
- Encourage the client to drink 3 L of fluids per day.
- Provide the client a high-protein diet.
- Tell the client to expect a decrease in urine output.
- Maintain the client on bed rest.
Explanation
Increasing fluid intake to at least 3 liters per day helps dilute the urine, promotes stone passage, and reduces the risk of new stone formation. Adequate hydration is the primary intervention for urolithiasis. A high-protein diet can increase stone formation, decreased urine output is not expected and indicates worsening obstruction, and bed rest is not recommended—clients should ambulate to help move the stone.
A nurse is caring for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- Difficulty starting the flow of urine
- Urge incontinence
- Critically elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
- Painful urination
Explanation
BPH causes enlargement of the prostate gland, which can obstruct the urethra and interfere with urinary flow. A common manifestation is difficulty initiating urination, weak stream, or dribbling. Urge incontinence and painful urination are more typical of urinary tract infections, while PSA levels may be mildly elevated in BPH but are not critically high unless cancer is suspected. Recognizing urinary hesitancy helps guide assessment, monitoring, and interventions to relieve obstruction and prevent complications.
A nurse is providing medication teaching about sildenafil to a client who has erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements is the nurse's highest priority?
- "This medication does not prevent sexually transmitted infections."
- "Take the medication before you plan to engage in sexual intercourse."
- "This medication can cause a headache."
- "If you have an erection for more than four hours, seek emergency treatment."
Explanation
The highest priority teaching point for sildenafil is the risk of priapism, a prolonged and painful erection lasting more than four hours, which is a medical emergency. Untreated priapism can cause permanent tissue damage and erectile dysfunction. While other information—such as timing of the medication, potential side effects, and STI prevention—is important, preventing serious complications that could lead to permanent harm takes precedence in client education.
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