ATI PN 112 Exam 3 Urinary/Male/Female Reproduction 12/25
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Free ATI PN 112 Exam 3 Urinary/Male/Female Reproduction 12/25 Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV.
1000:
Reports flu-like symptoms of headache, body aches, sore throat, low-
grade fever, shortness of breath, productive cough
Swollen lymph nodes
Dry skin with rash
Weight loss of 6.8 kg (15 lb) over past 3 months with report of diarrhea and anorexia, difficulty eating due to oral ulcers
Diagnostic Results
1200:
Chest x-ray:
Areas of increased density and white infiltrates to lower right lobe
indicative of pneumonia
1600:
Hemoglobin: 11 g/dL (12 to 16 g/dL)
Hematocrit: 36% (37% to 47%)
Platelet count: 155,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm3)
WBC count: 4,500/mm2 (5,000 to 10,000/mm2
CD4 cell count 400 cells/mm3 (600 to 1500 Cenorstt 7
Sputum culture: pneumocystis jirovecii
The client is at risk for developing —------ and —------------------
- A. tuberculosis
- B. sepsis
- C. malnutrition
- D. hemorrhage
Explanation
C. Malnutrition
The client demonstrates significant weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, and difficulty eating due to oral ulcers, all of which contribute to inadequate nutritional intake. Malnutrition is a common complication in clients with HIV, as it weakens the immune system and reduces the body’s ability to fight infections. Nutritional support and monitoring are essential to maintain health and improve outcomes.
A. Tuberculosis
Clients with HIV are immunocompromised, making them more susceptible to opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis. The presence of chronic symptoms such as cough, weight loss, and low-grade fever increases the risk for TB. Early screening, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to prevent disease progression and transmission.
A nurse is providing care to a client who has peritonitis. Which of the following conditions is the highest priority for the nurse to monitor?
- A. Respiratory failure
- B. Sepsis
- C. Heart attack
- D. Diabetes
Explanation
Peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneal cavity that can rapidly progress to sepsis, a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response. Monitoring for signs of sepsis, such as fever, tachycardia, hypotension, altered mental status, and elevated white blood cell count, is the highest priority because prompt recognition and treatment are critical to prevent septic shock and multi-organ failure. While respiratory failure, heart attack, and diabetes are important considerations, sepsis presents the most immediate threat to life in clients with peritonitis.
A nurse's inadvertent medication error results in a severe allergic reaction and prolongs the client's hospitalization. The client could rightfully sue the nurse for which of the following?
- A. Battery
- B. Assault
- C. Malpractice
- D. Abuse
Explanation
Malpractice occurs when a healthcare professional fails to provide care in accordance with established standards, resulting in injury, harm, or prolonged hospitalization. In this scenario, the nurse’s medication error caused a severe allergic reaction, which constitutes professional negligence. Malpractice claims require proof that the nurse had a duty to the client, breached that duty, and caused harm directly linked to the breach. This legal action is distinct from battery, assault, or abuse, which involve intentional or physical harm rather than negligent professional conduct.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased BUN
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Elevated creatinine
- D. Decreased urine specific gravity
Explanation
In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products is impaired, leading to accumulation of creatinine in the blood. Elevated creatinine is a key indicator of reduced glomerular filtration rate and declining renal function. Monitoring creatinine levels helps assess the severity of kidney disease and guides treatment decisions, including medication dosing, dietary modifications, and preparation for potential renal replacement therapy.
A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who is about to undergo surgery for benign prostatic hypertrophy. The client states, "I don't know what I will do if they discover I have cancer." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. "I have reviewed your history and I don't see any reason for you to worry about that."
- B. "Why do you think you might have cancer when your diagnosis is a benign condition?"
- C. "I think that's something you need to discuss further with your doctor."
- D. "I'm hearing that you are concerned that you could have cancer."
Explanation
This response demonstrates therapeutic communication by acknowledging the client’s feelings and validating their concern. It encourages the client to express emotions, promotes trust, and helps the nurse understand the client’s perspective. Reflecting the concern in this way supports emotional processing and coping, allowing the client to feel heard and supported during a stressful time.
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Weigh the client weekly.
- B. Instruct the client to bear down as if to have a bowel movement every hour.
- C. Instruct the client to report an urge to urinate.
- D. Irrigate the catheter as prescribed.
Explanation
D. Irrigate the catheter as prescribed.
After a TURP, continuous or intermittent bladder irrigation is often required to prevent catheter obstruction from blood clots. Irrigating the catheter as prescribed ensures that urine drains freely, helps maintain catheter patency, and reduces the risk of postoperative complications such as retention or bladder distention. Weekly weights are unrelated to immediate postoperative TURP care, bearing down increases bleeding risk, and an urge to urinate is expected due to catheter presence and does not require intervention.
A nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for endometrial cancer. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the client to report?
- A. Blood in the stool
- B. Recurrent urinary tract infections
- C. Hot flashes
- D. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Explanation
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopausal bleeding or bleeding between menstrual periods, is the most common and early symptom of endometrial cancer. This occurs due to the malignant growth of the endometrial lining, which disrupts normal uterine shedding. Recognizing and reporting abnormal bleeding is critical for early diagnosis and intervention, improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of advanced disease.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has endometriosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. "Hormonal therapy will resolve endometriosis."
- B. "Endometriosis will not affect your ability to become pregnant."
- C. "The pain associated with endometriosis is best relieved by bed rest."
- D. "Endometriosis may be associated with painful bowel movements."
Explanation
Endometriosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which can affect surrounding structures such as the bowel. This can lead to symptoms including dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and painful bowel movements, particularly during menstruation. Educating the client about this association helps them understand the source of pain and promotes reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms to the healthcare provider for comprehensive management.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports finding a new skin lesion. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Document the client's history of skin allergies
- B. Instruct the client on the use of daily sunscreen products
- C. Photograph the lesion for the client's medical record
- D. Identify when the client first noticed the lesion
Explanation
Determining when the client first noticed the lesion is the priority because it provides critical information about the lesion’s onset and progression, which is essential for assessing potential malignancy or other serious skin conditions. Early identification of changes in size, color, or shape can guide timely diagnostic evaluation and intervention. Establishing a timeline helps differentiate between benign and potentially harmful lesions and directs appropriate follow-up care.
A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from a client who has ovarian cancer. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Unexplained weight loss
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Urinary retention
- D. Abdominal bloating
Explanation
Abdominal bloating is a common early manifestation of ovarian cancer, often caused by tumor growth or ascites. Clients may also report abdominal discomfort, fullness, or changes in bowel or urinary patterns due to pressure on surrounding organs. Recognizing bloating as a potential sign of ovarian malignancy is important for early detection, timely diagnostic evaluation, and initiation of treatment to improve outcomes.
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