ATI PN 112 Exam 3 Urinary/Male/Female Reproduction 12/25
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Free ATI PN 112 Exam 3 Urinary/Male/Female Reproduction 12/25 Questions
A nurse is providing care to a client who has peritonitis. Which of the following conditions is the highest priority for the nurse to monitor?
- Respiratory failure
- Sepsis
- Heart attack
- Diabetes
Explanation
Peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneal cavity that can rapidly progress to sepsis, a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response. Monitoring for signs of sepsis, such as fever, tachycardia, hypotension, altered mental status, and elevated white blood cell count, is the highest priority because prompt recognition and treatment are critical to prevent septic shock and multi-organ failure. While respiratory failure, heart attack, and diabetes are important considerations, sepsis presents the most immediate threat to life in clients with peritonitis.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has AIDS. The nurse notes that the client has multiple, widespread purplish-brown skin lesions. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following types of skin lesions?
- Actinic keratosis
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Actinic dermatitis
- Kaposi's sarcoma
Explanation
Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular malignancy commonly associated with AIDS and appears as purplish, brown, or red lesions on the skin or mucous membranes. These lesions result from abnormal growth of blood vessels and can occur on the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory system. Their widespread distribution in an immunocompromised client strongly suggests Kaposi's sarcoma. The other options involve sun damage or localized skin cancers and do not present with this characteristic coloration or association with AIDS.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who takes furosemide and has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in his daily diet?
- Cabbage
- Bananas
- Cheddar cheese
- White rice
Explanation
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia, as indicated by the client’s serum potassium of 3.1 mEq/L. Bananas are high in potassium and help replenish levels, supporting proper cardiac and muscular function. Encouraging potassium-rich foods like bananas, oranges, and leafy greens is an important dietary intervention for clients taking potassium-depleting diuretics. Other options such as cabbage, cheddar cheese, and white rice are low in potassium and do not effectively address hypokalemia.
A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from a client who has ovarian cancer. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- Unexplained weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Urinary retention
- Abdominal bloating
Explanation
Abdominal bloating is a common early manifestation of ovarian cancer, often caused by tumor growth or ascites. Clients may also report abdominal discomfort, fullness, or changes in bowel or urinary patterns due to pressure on surrounding organs. Recognizing bloating as a potential sign of ovarian malignancy is important for early detection, timely diagnostic evaluation, and initiation of treatment to improve outcomes.
A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who is scheduled to have a renal biopsy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)
- Complete coagulation studies prior to the procedure.
- Maintain a clear liquid diet 4 hr prior to the procedure.
- Collect a urine specimen prior to the procedure.
- Obtain an informed consent prior to the procedure.
- Administer diphenhydramine prior to the procedure.
Explanation
A. Complete coagulation studies prior to the procedure.
Assessing coagulation status is essential because renal biopsy involves needle insertion into the kidney, which can cause bleeding. Ensuring normal platelet counts and coagulation parameters minimizes the risk of hemorrhage during and after the procedure.
C. Collect a urine specimen prior to the procedure.
A baseline urine specimen is obtained to assess kidney function and detect preexisting hematuria or infection. This helps differentiate procedure-related changes from preexisting urinary conditions.
D. Obtain an informed consent prior to the procedure.
Informed consent ensures the client understands the procedure, its risks, benefits, and alternatives. This is a legal and ethical requirement before performing an invasive procedure like a renal biopsy.
A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)
- Corn flakes cereal
- Bananas
- Orange juice
- Watermelon
- White rice
Explanation
B. Bananas
Bananas are very high in potassium. In clients with chronic kidney disease, impaired renal function reduces the body’s ability to excrete potassium, which increases the risk of hyperkalemia. Consuming bananas can elevate serum potassium levels, potentially leading to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. Clients should avoid or limit bananas and choose lower-potassium fruit alternatives.
C. Orange juice
Orange juice contains a high concentration of potassium. Drinking it regularly can quickly increase potassium levels in clients with kidney impairment. Teaching clients to avoid orange juice helps prevent hyperkalemia and supports maintaining safe electrolyte balance.
D. Watermelon
Watermelon is another fruit high in potassium. Even though it has a high water content, it can contribute significant potassium intake. Limiting watermelon intake is important in chronic kidney disease to reduce the risk of hyperkalemia and associated cardiovascular complications.
A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?
- Obtain weekly weight
- Encourage increased fluid intake
- Encourage frequent ambulation
- Place the client on a low-sodium diet
Explanation
A low-sodium diet is recommended for clients with acute glomerulonephritis to help manage fluid retention and hypertension, common complications of impaired kidney function. Limiting sodium reduces edema and prevents exacerbation of high blood pressure, which can further damage the kidneys. Monitoring fluid balance and blood pressure in conjunction with dietary modifications helps support renal function and overall cardiovascular stability.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- The oliguric phase begins within 1 month of the injury
- The client's BUN and creatinine decreases during this phase
- The client's urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hours
- The oliguric phase lasts for 2 days
Explanation
The oliguric phase of acute kidney injury is characterized by a significant decrease in urine output, typically less than 400 mL per 24 hours. During this phase, waste products such as BUN and creatinine accumulate because the kidneys are unable to adequately filter blood. This phase usually begins within 1 to 7 days after the initial injury and can last 10 to 14 days or longer, depending on the severity of the kidney damage. Monitoring urine output and laboratory values is essential for managing fluid balance and preventing complications.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client about how to care for a newly created ileal conduit. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- Trim the opening of the ostomy seal to be 1/2 in. wider than the stoma
- Apply lotion to the peristomal skin when changing the ostomy pouch
- Empty the ostomy pouch when it is 2/3 full
- Change the ostomy pouch daily
Explanation
Clients with an ileal conduit should empty the ostomy pouch when it is about two-thirds full to prevent leakage, reduce pressure on the seal, and maintain skin integrity. Overfilling can cause the pouch to detach or urine to leak onto the peristomal skin, increasing the risk of irritation and infection. Proper emptying ensures hygiene, comfort, and effective appliance management, supporting the client’s independence in ostomy care.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has herpes zoster about the order of occurrence of findings associated with this disorder. In what order should the nurse identify the typical occurrence of findings?
- Weeping blisters
- Crusted lesions
- Redness and swelling
- Paresthesia
- Appearance of vesicles
Explanation
D. Paresthesia
Paresthesia, such as tingling, burning, or numbness, is usually the first symptom of herpes zoster. It occurs along the affected dermatome before any visible skin changes, signaling the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in sensory nerve fibers. Early recognition of paresthesia allows for prompt management and antiviral therapy to reduce severity.
C. Redness and swelling
Following paresthesia, the skin in the affected area becomes inflamed, presenting with redness and swelling. This local inflammatory response precedes the formation of vesicles and helps identify the dermatome involved. Monitoring for redness and swelling also assists in assessing the progression of the infection.
E. Appearance of vesicles
Vesicles are small fluid-filled blisters that appear on the reddened, swollen skin. These lesions are characteristic of herpes zoster and contain viral particles, making them highly contagious. The appearance of vesicles marks the active phase of the infection.
A. Weeping blisters
As the vesicles progress, some may rupture and leak fluid, creating weeping blisters. This exudate can cause discomfort and increases the risk of secondary bacterial infection. Proper hygiene and topical care are important at this stage to prevent complications.
B. Crusted lesions
The final stage of herpes zoster involves crusting of the lesions as they heal. The fluid dries, forming scabs over the affected area, signaling the resolution of the acute infection. Crusting reduces viral shedding and indicates that the lesions are no longer contagious.
Correct Answer Is:
D, C, E, A, B
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