C902 Middle School Science: Content Knowledge
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Free C902 Middle School Science: Content Knowledge Questions
Which of the following is an example of a parasitic relationship?
- Bee and flower
- Tapeworm and human
- Clownfish and anemone
- Lichen
Explanation
A parasitic relationship occurs when one organism benefits at the expense of another. Tapeworms live inside the intestines of humans, obtaining nutrients from the host while harming it, which is a classic example of parasitism. In contrast, bees and flowers have a mutualistic relationship where both benefit, clownfish and anemones also exhibit mutualism, and lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, not parasitic.
Correct Answer:
Tapeworm and human
Which process is primarily responsible for the layered appearance of sedimentary rocks?
- Compaction and cementation
- Heat and pressure
- Melting and cooling
- Weathering only
Explanation
The layered appearance of sedimentary rocks, also called bedding, results primarily from compaction and cementation of sediments over time. Sediments settle in horizontal layers and, under pressure, become compacted and cemented into rock. Heat and pressure create metamorphic rocks, melting and cooling form igneous rocks, and weathering breaks down existing rocks but does not produce the distinct layers characteristic of sedimentary rocks.
Correct Answer:
Compaction and cementation
During a lunar eclipse, Earth is positioned:
- Between the Sun and Moon
- Between the Moon and Sun
- At a right angle to the Sun-Moon line
- In the Moon’s penumbra only
Explanation
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth is directly between the Sun and the Moon, causing Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon. This alignment blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon, creating either a partial or total eclipse. Being at a right angle to the Sun-Moon line or in only the Moon’s penumbra does not produce a full lunar eclipse.
Correct Answer:
Between the Sun and Moon
A student pushes a 20 kg crate across the floor with 50 N force. The acceleration is 2 m/s². What is the friction force?
- 10 N
- 40 N
- 50 N
- 100 N
Explanation
To determine the friction force, we apply Newton’s second law, F_net = ma, where F_net is the net force acting on the object, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. The applied force is 50 N, mass is 20 kg, and acceleration is 2 m/s². The net force needed to accelerate the crate is ( F_net = 20 * 2 = 40 N. Since friction opposes motion, the friction force is the difference between the applied force and the net force: 50 - 40 = 10 N.
Correct Answer:
10 N
A Kenyan student designs a solar cooker using local materials. This addresses which engineering constraint?
- Cost and availability
- Unlimited budget
- No safety concerns
- Ignoring environmental impact
Explanation
Engineering constraints are the limitations or requirements that must be considered during the design process. By using local materials, the student is addressing the constraint of cost and availability, ensuring that the solar cooker is affordable and accessible. Considering these constraints helps create practical and sustainable solutions that can be implemented effectively in the local context. Other factors like safety and environmental impact are also important, but in this scenario, the focus is on resource accessibility and affordability.
Correct Answer:
Cost and availability
Which is NOT a safe lab practice?
- Pouring acids into water
- Tasting chemicals
- Disposing waste properly
- Using gloves with corrosives
Explanation
Tasting chemicals in a laboratory is extremely unsafe and is strictly prohibited. Many chemicals are toxic, corrosive, or reactive, and ingesting them can cause serious health issues or poisoning. Safe lab practices include pouring acids into water to prevent splashes, disposing of waste properly to avoid contamination, and using gloves when handling corrosive substances. Avoiding direct contact or ingestion of chemicals is a fundamental principle of laboratory safety.
Correct Answer:
Tasting chemicals
The relationship between a remora fish and a shark is best described as:
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
- Competition
Explanation
The relationship between a remora fish and a shark is an example of commensalism. The remora attaches to the shark and benefits by gaining transportation and access to leftover food, while the shark is neither significantly harmed nor benefited. Mutualism would require both species to benefit, parasitism benefits one at the expense of the other, and competition involves both species vying for the same resources.
Correct Answer:
Commensalism
The law of conservation of mass is best illustrated by which of the following?
- A candle burning and losing mass
- A sealed flask showing no change in total mass after a reaction
- Ice melting in an open beaker
- A balloon inflating with air
Explanation
The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. A sealed flask showing no change in total mass after a reaction directly illustrates this law because, despite chemical changes occurring inside the flask, the total mass remains constant. This demonstrates that matter is neither lost nor gained, only rearranged.
Correct Answer:
A sealed flask showing no change in total mass after a reaction
Science and technology have improved public health in Kenya through:
- Vaccination programs
- Mobile clinics using apps
- Both a and b
- None
Explanation
Science and technology have contributed significantly to public health improvements in Kenya. Vaccination programs prevent the spread of infectious diseases, while mobile clinics and health apps provide better access to healthcare services, especially in remote areas. Combining both approaches enhances the reach, efficiency, and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Therefore, the most accurate answer reflects the combined impact of these innovations.
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
The chemical formula for rust (hydrated iron(III) oxide) is best written as:
- FeO
- Fe₂O₃
- Fe₃O₄
- Fe₂O₃·nH₂O
Explanation
Rust is formed when iron reacts with oxygen and water, producing hydrated iron(III) oxide. The chemical formula for this compound accounts for both the iron(III) oxide component (Fe₂O₃) and the variable amount of water molecules associated with it, represented as nH₂O. This hydration distinguishes rust from the anhydrous iron oxides like Fe₂O₃ or Fe₃O₄, making Fe₂O₃·nH₂O the most accurate representation of rust.
Correct Answer:
Fe₂O₃·nH₂O
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