C902 Middle School Science: Content Knowledge
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Free C902 Middle School Science: Content Knowledge Questions
The Coriolis effect is responsible for the deflection of:
- Ocean currents and wind patterns
- Earth’s magnetic field
- Tectonic plates
- Tidal bulges
Explanation
The Coriolis effect arises from Earth’s rotation and causes moving air and water to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This effect influences the direction of wind patterns and ocean currents. It does not affect Earth’s magnetic field, tectonic plate movement, or tidal bulges, which are controlled by other forces.
Correct Answer:
Ocean currents and wind patterns
A magnet is brought near an iron nail. The nail becomes temporarily magnetized due to:
- Magnetic induction
- Electric current
- Friction
- Gravity
Explanation
When a magnet is brought near an iron nail, the nail becomes temporarily magnetized through magnetic induction. The magnetic field of the magnet causes the domains in the iron nail to align in the same direction, producing temporary magnetism. This effect lasts only while the magnet is near or until the domains return to random alignment. Electric current, friction, and gravity are not responsible for this temporary magnetization.
Correct Answer:
Magnetic induction
In an exothermic reaction, like burning charcoal:
- Heat is absorbed
- Heat is released
- Temperature stays constant
- No energy change occurs
Explanation
An exothermic reaction releases energy, usually in the form of heat, to the surroundings. Burning charcoal is an exothermic reaction because chemical bonds in the charcoal and oxygen react to form new products (CO₂ and H₂O), releasing heat that can be felt as the surrounding temperature rises. In contrast, endothermic reactions absorb heat from the environment, leading to cooling, but exothermic reactions contribute energy outward.
Correct Answer:
Heat is released
A student lifts a 100 N bag 2 m vertically. Work done is:
- 50 J
- 100 J
- 200 J
- 0 J (no horizontal motion)
Explanation
Work is calculated as the product of force and distance moved in the direction of the force. Here, the force is 100 N (weight of the bag) and the distance moved vertically is 2 m. So, work done = 100 × 2 = 200 J. Even though there is no horizontal motion, work is still done because the force and displacement are in the same vertical direction.
Correct Answer:
200 J
In a series circuit with three identical bulbs, if one bulb is removed:
- The others stay the same brightness
- The others go out
- The others get brighter
- Current increases
Explanation
In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end so that the same current flows through each component. If one bulb is removed, the circuit is broken, and current can no longer flow through the remaining bulbs. As a result, the other bulbs go out. This demonstrates the dependency of all components on the continuity of the circuit in a series arrangement.
Correct Answer:
The others go out
How has climate change impacted Lake Victoria's fishing communities?
- Increased fish populations
- Eutrophication from agricultural runoff leading to oxygen depletion
- No impact on biodiversity
- Decreased water levels only
Explanation
Climate change has affected Lake Victoria's fishing communities primarily by exacerbating eutrophication. Rising temperatures and increased rainfall can intensify the runoff of nutrients from agriculture into the lake, leading to excessive algae growth. This process depletes oxygen in the water, harming fish populations and reducing biodiversity, which directly impacts the livelihoods of communities that depend on fishing. The environmental changes caused by climate change create challenges for sustainable fishing and food security in the region.
Correct Answer:
Eutrophication from agricultural runoff leading to oxygen depletion
A 2 kg ball rolling at 5 m/s has kinetic energy of:
- 10 J
- 25 J
- 50 J
- 100 J
Explanation
Kinetic energy (KE) is calculated using the formula KE = ½mv², where m is mass and v is velocity. Substituting the given values: KE = ½ * 2 * 5² = 1 * 25 = 25J. This shows that the ball has 25 joules of kinetic energy as it moves at 5 m/s.
Correct Answer:
25 J
Which of the following is a homozygous recessive genotype?
- TT
- Tt
- tt
- TtRr
Explanation
A homozygous recessive genotype consists of two identical recessive alleles. In this case, "tt" has two recessive alleles for the trait, making it homozygous recessive. "TT" is homozygous dominant, "Tt" is heterozygous, and "TtRr" is a combination of two different traits, making it heterozygous for both traits.
Correct Answer:
tt
The apparent magnitude of a star measures:
- Its actual brightness
- Its brightness as seen from Earth
- Its distance from Earth
- Its temperature
Explanation
Apparent magnitude refers to the brightness of a star as observed from Earth, not its intrinsic or actual brightness. A star’s apparent brightness depends on both its intrinsic luminosity and its distance from Earth. Actual brightness is measured by absolute magnitude, distance is measured separately in light-years or parsecs, and temperature is determined by the star’s color and spectral type.
Correct Answer:
Its brightness as seen from Earth
A pea plant with purple flowers (Pp) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (pp). What is the probability of offspring with white flowers?
- 0%
- 25%
- 50%
- 75%
Explanation
When crossing a heterozygous purple-flowered pea plant (Pp) with a homozygous recessive white-flowered plant (pp), a Punnett square shows the possible genotypes of the offspring: Pp and pp. There is a 50% chance the offspring will inherit the pp genotype, resulting in white flowers, and a 50% chance for Pp, resulting in purple flowers.
Correct Answer:
50%
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