Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology at Piedmont Community College
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Free Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology at Piedmont Community College Questions
Bicarbonate is a base. This means
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bicarbonate has nothing to do with hydrogen ions, nor pH
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it adds hydrogen ions into the solution
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it both adds and takes away hydrogen ions
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it removes a hydrogen ion out of solution
Explanation
Correct Answer D: it removes a hydrogen ion out of solution
Explanation:
Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) acts as a weak base in the body’s buffering system. It helps maintain pH balance by removing excess hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the solution, thereby reducing acidity. This is a key part of the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system, which helps regulate blood pH.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. bicarbonate has nothing to do with hydrogen ions, nor pH – Incorrect, because bicarbonate plays a central role in pH regulation through its interaction with hydrogen ions.
B. it adds hydrogen ions into the solution – This would make it an acid, not a base.
C. it both adds and takes away hydrogen ions – Bicarbonate’s primary role is to remove hydrogen ions, not to add them.
Glycogen is composed of many many glucose molecules, and is stored, primarily, in the spleen.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
While it is true that glycogen is made up of many glucose molecules, it is not primarily stored in the spleen. Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, where it serves as a readily available energy reserve. The spleen is involved in immune function and blood filtration, not energy storage.
If a buffer is not present, a large increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution will do which of the following to the pH
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Will not affect the pH
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Decrease the pH
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Gravity
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Will both raise and lower the pH in equal amounts
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Decrease the pH
Explanation:
An increase in hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration makes a solution more acidic, which lowers its pH. Without a buffer to stabilize the hydrogen ion levels, the solution cannot resist this change, and the pH drops significantly. This makes buffers essential for maintaining a stable internal environment in biological systems.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Will not affect the pH
This is incorrect because hydrogen ion concentration directly affects pH. An increase in H⁺ will always lower pH unless buffered.
C. Gravity
This is irrelevant to the chemical property of pH and has no role in acid-base balance.
D. Will both raise and lower the pH in equal amounts
pH does not fluctuate randomly. An increase in H⁺ will specifically decrease pH, not cause it to go up and down equally.
The femoral artery is found in the lower leg
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The femoral artery is located in the upper thigh. It travels down the front of the thigh and transitions into the popliteal artery behind the knee, which then supplies blood to the lower leg. Therefore, it is not located in the lower leg itself.
Which of the following are proteins composed of
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fatty acids
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nucleic acids
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unsaturated fatty acids
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amino acids
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saturated fatty acids
Explanation
Correct Answer D: amino acids
Explanation:
Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form all the proteins needed by the body.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. fatty acids – These are the building blocks of fats, not proteins.
B. nucleic acids – These make up DNA and RNA, not proteins.
C. unsaturated fatty acids – These are a type of fat, not a component of protein.
E. saturated fatty acids – Like unsaturated, these are fat molecules, not protein components.
In negative feedback, after homeostasis has been achieved, the regulatory center decreases messaging to the effectors
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: True
Explanation:
Negative feedback is a control mechanism that works to restore balance (homeostasis) in the body. Once the desired condition (such as normal temperature, pH, or glucose level) is reached, the regulatory center (like the brain or endocrine gland) reduces or stops signaling the effectors, since no further action is needed. This helps prevent overcorrection and maintains internal stability.
Pain in the upper right quadrant could possibly be caused by which of the following
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splenomegaly
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colorectal cancer
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all of the choices are correct
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gall stones
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appendicitis
Explanation
Correct Answer D: gall stones
Explanation:
Gallstones can cause pain in the upper right quadrant because the gallbladder is located just beneath the liver in this region. Gallstone pain, also known as biliary colic, often occurs after eating fatty meals and may radiate to the back or shoulder.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. splenomegaly – An enlarged spleen is located in the upper left quadrant, not the right.
B. colorectal cancer – This typically affects the lower abdomen or pelvis, not specifically the upper right quadrant.
C. all of the choices are correct – Incorrect, because only gallstones are associated with upper right quadrant pain.
E. appendicitis – This causes pain in the lower right quadrant, not the upper right.
In normal, healthy individuals, the pancreas secretes—----in response to low blood glucose
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insulin
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oxytocin
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glucagon
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serotonin
Explanation
Correct Answer C: glucagon
Explanation:
When blood glucose levels drop, the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon. This hormone signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels back to normal.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. insulin – Insulin is released in response to high blood glucose, not low. It lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.
B. oxytocin – This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland; it’s involved in childbirth and lactation, not blood glucose regulation.
D. serotonin – This is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep, but it has no role in blood glucose control.
A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions; for example, the heart pumps blood around the body
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
While it's true that a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function, the heart is not an example of a tissue — it is an organ. An organ is made up of multiple tissue types (muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, etc.) working together. Therefore, using the heart as an example of a tissue is incorrect.
Pain in the lower right quadrant could possibly be caused by which of the following
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hepatitis
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kidney stones
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appendicitis
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esophageal cancer
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stomach ulcer
Explanation
Correct Answer C: appendicitis
Explanation:
Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, which is located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Pain in this area is a classic symptom and often requires urgent medical evaluation and possible surgical removal of the appendix.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. hepatitis – This affects the liver, which is located in the right upper quadrant, not the lower right.
B. kidney stones – Pain from kidney stones usually occurs in the flank or lower back, not specifically in the lower right quadrant.
D. esophageal cancer – This affects the esophagus, located in the chest, not the abdomen.
E. stomach ulcer – Ulcers typically cause epigastric pain (upper middle abdomen), not lower right quadrant pain.
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