Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology.
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Free Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology. Questions
When the liver stores glucose molecules in the form of glycogen, this chemical reaction is known as
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anabolic
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catabolic
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hydration
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exchange
Explanation
Correct Answer A: anabolic
Explanation:
An anabolic reaction builds larger molecules from smaller ones. In this case, the liver joins multiple glucose molecules together to form glycogen, a storage form of energy. This energy-requiring process is a classic example of anabolism.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. catabolic
Catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, which is the opposite of what is happening here.
C. hydration
Hydration involves adding water to a molecule, which is not the process being described.
D. exchange
Exchange reactions involve swapping components between molecules, not building glycogen from glucose.
In negative feedback, after homeostasis has been achieved, the regulatory center decreases messaging to the effectors
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: True
Explanation:
Negative feedback is a control mechanism that works to restore balance (homeostasis) in the body. Once the desired condition (such as normal temperature, pH, or glucose level) is reached, the regulatory center (like the brain or endocrine gland) reduces or stops signaling the effectors, since no further action is needed. This helps prevent overcorrection and maintains internal stability.
If you have hypercholesterolemia, you have
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Lower blood cholesterol
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Elevated blood calcium
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Lower blood calcium
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Elevated blood cholesterol
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Elevated blood cholesterol
Explanation:
Hypercholesterolemia is a medical condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as "bad cholesterol." This condition can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Lower blood cholesterol
This is the opposite of hypercholesterolemia. The prefix "hyper-" means high, not low.
B. Elevated blood calcium
This refers to hypercalcemia, not hypercholesterolemia. It is unrelated to cholesterol levels.
C. Lower blood calcium
This refers to hypocalcemia, another condition entirely. It does not relate to cholesterol levels in the blood.
The thigh is proximal to the foot; moving proximally from the wrist brings you to the thumb
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The first part is correct: the thigh is proximal to the foot, meaning it is closer to the body’s center. However, the second part is incorrect. Moving proximally from the wrist brings you toward the elbow and shoulder, not the thumb. The thumb is distal to the wrist.
Carbonic acid is a molecule that will
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donate a hydrogen ion
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accept a hydrogen ion
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function has nothing to do with hydrogen ions
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a fatty acid having no single, double, nor triple bonds
Explanation
Correct Answer A: donate a hydrogen ion
Explanation:
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. As an acid, it can donate hydrogen ions (H⁺), which plays a key role in the body's pH buffering system, helping to maintain acid-base balance in the blood.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. accept a hydrogen ion – Accepting H⁺ is characteristic of a base, not an acid.
C. function has nothing to do with hydrogen ions – Incorrect; carbonic acid's primary function is buffering pH by releasing or holding H⁺ ions.
D. a fatty acid having no single, double, nor triple bonds – This describes a nonexistent chemical structure, and carbonic acid is not a fatty acid.
The visceral pericardium is a serous membrane found directly connected to the lungs.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The visceral pericardium is the serous membrane that covers the heart, not the lungs. The serous membrane that covers the lungs is called the visceral pleura. Each organ in the thoracic cavity has its own specific membrane: pericardium for the heart, pleura for the lungs, and peritoneum for abdominal organs.
The breakdown of ATP is an example of a synthesis reaction
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True
-
False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The breakdown of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate is a decomposition reaction, not a synthesis reaction. In this process, a larger molecule (ATP) is broken down into smaller components, releasing energy used by cells for various functions.
A pH of 2.0 is considered
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all choices are correct
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neutral
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alkaline
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esophageal cancer
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acidic
Explanation
Correct Answer E: acidic
Explanation:
A pH of 2.0 is very acidic. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline (basic). A pH of 2.0 is close to that of stomach acid and is far from neutral or alkaline.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. all choices are correct – Incorrect because only one choice (acidic) accurately describes a pH of 2.0.
B. neutral – Neutral pH is 7, not 2.0.
C. alkaline – Alkaline refers to pH above 7, not below.
D. esophageal cancer – pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, not a disease.
A catabolic reaction of ATP will remove one of three phosphate groups that form the molecule, and in the process, release energy
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True
-
False
Explanation
Correct Answer: True
Explanation:
A catabolic reaction involves the breakdown of molecules. In the case of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), when one of its three phosphate groups is removed (typically the terminal phosphate), it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and releases energy. This energy is then used by the body for various cellular functions like muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis.
The normal pH of blood is
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7.31
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7.4
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8.0
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7.48
Explanation
Correct Answer B: 7.4
Explanation:
The normal pH range of human arterial blood is 7.35 to 7.45, with 7.4 being the average and ideal value. This slightly alkaline pH is essential for proper cellular function. Values below 7.35 indicate acidosis, and values above 7.45 indicate alkalosis.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. 7.31 – This is below the normal range and suggests acidosis.
C. 8.0 – This is far too alkaline for human blood and is incompatible with life.
D. 7.48 – This is above the normal range and indicates alkalosis.
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