Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology.
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Free Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology. Questions
The thigh is proximal to the foot; moving proximally from the wrist brings you to the thumb
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True
-
False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The first part is correct: the thigh is proximal to the foot, meaning it is closer to the body’s center. However, the second part is incorrect. Moving proximally from the wrist brings you toward the elbow and shoulder, not the thumb. The thumb is distal to the wrist.
A frontal section bisects the human into inferior and superior halves.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
A frontal section (also called a coronal plane) divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. The plane that separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves is the transverse (horizontal) plane, not the frontal plane.
If a buffer is not present, a large increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution will do which of the following to the pH
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Will not affect the pH
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Decrease the pH
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Gravity
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Will both raise and lower the pH in equal amounts
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Decrease the pH
Explanation:
An increase in hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration makes a solution more acidic, which lowers its pH. Without a buffer to stabilize the hydrogen ion levels, the solution cannot resist this change, and the pH drops significantly. This makes buffers essential for maintaining a stable internal environment in biological systems.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Will not affect the pH
This is incorrect because hydrogen ion concentration directly affects pH. An increase in H⁺ will always lower pH unless buffered.
C. Gravity
This is irrelevant to the chemical property of pH and has no role in acid-base balance.
D. Will both raise and lower the pH in equal amounts
pH does not fluctuate randomly. An increase in H⁺ will specifically decrease pH, not cause it to go up and down equally.
The visceral pericardium is a serous membrane found directly connected to the lungs.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The visceral pericardium is the serous membrane that covers the heart, not the lungs. The serous membrane that covers the lungs is called the visceral pleura. Each organ in the thoracic cavity has its own specific membrane: pericardium for the heart, pleura for the lungs, and peritoneum for abdominal organs.
Carbonic acid is a molecule that will
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donate a hydrogen ion
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accept a hydrogen ion
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function has nothing to do with hydrogen ions
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a fatty acid having no single, double, nor triple bonds
Explanation
Correct Answer A: donate a hydrogen ion
Explanation:
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. As an acid, it can donate hydrogen ions (H⁺), which plays a key role in the body's pH buffering system, helping to maintain acid-base balance in the blood.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. accept a hydrogen ion – Accepting H⁺ is characteristic of a base, not an acid.
C. function has nothing to do with hydrogen ions – Incorrect; carbonic acid's primary function is buffering pH by releasing or holding H⁺ ions.
D. a fatty acid having no single, double, nor triple bonds – This describes a nonexistent chemical structure, and carbonic acid is not a fatty acid.
The breakdown of ATP is an example of a synthesis reaction
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The breakdown of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate is a decomposition reaction, not a synthesis reaction. In this process, a larger molecule (ATP) is broken down into smaller components, releasing energy used by cells for various functions.
Pain in the upper right quadrant could possibly be caused by which of the following
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splenomegaly
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colorectal cancer
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all of the choices are correct
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gall stones
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appendicitis
Explanation
Correct Answer D: gall stones
Explanation:
Gallstones can cause pain in the upper right quadrant because the gallbladder is located just beneath the liver in this region. Gallstone pain, also known as biliary colic, often occurs after eating fatty meals and may radiate to the back or shoulder.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. splenomegaly – An enlarged spleen is located in the upper left quadrant, not the right.
B. colorectal cancer – This typically affects the lower abdomen or pelvis, not specifically the upper right quadrant.
C. all of the choices are correct – Incorrect, because only gallstones are associated with upper right quadrant pain.
E. appendicitis – This causes pain in the lower right quadrant, not the upper right.
Hepatic physiology refers to the study of the function of the liver
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: True
Explanation:
The term "hepatic" relates to the liver, and physiology refers to the study of the functions of a living organism or its parts. Therefore, hepatic physiology is the study of how the liver functions, including processes like metabolism, detoxification, and bile production.
In normal, healthy individuals, the pancreas secretes—----in response to low blood glucose
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insulin
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oxytocin
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glucagon
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serotonin
Explanation
Correct Answer C: glucagon
Explanation:
When blood glucose levels drop, the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon. This hormone signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels back to normal.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. insulin – Insulin is released in response to high blood glucose, not low. It lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.
B. oxytocin – This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland; it’s involved in childbirth and lactation, not blood glucose regulation.
D. serotonin – This is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep, but it has no role in blood glucose control.
A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions; for example, the heart pumps blood around the body
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
While it's true that a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function, the heart is not an example of a tissue — it is an organ. An organ is made up of multiple tissue types (muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, etc.) working together. Therefore, using the heart as an example of a tissue is incorrect.
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