Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology.
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Free Bio 168 Anatomy and Physiology. Questions
If you have hypercholesterolemia, you have
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Lower blood cholesterol
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Elevated blood calcium
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Lower blood calcium
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Elevated blood cholesterol
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Elevated blood cholesterol
Explanation:
Hypercholesterolemia is a medical condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as "bad cholesterol." This condition can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Lower blood cholesterol
This is the opposite of hypercholesterolemia. The prefix "hyper-" means high, not low.
B. Elevated blood calcium
This refers to hypercalcemia, not hypercholesterolemia. It is unrelated to cholesterol levels.
C. Lower blood calcium
This refers to hypocalcemia, another condition entirely. It does not relate to cholesterol levels in the blood.
In normal, healthy individuals, the pancreas secretes—----in response to low blood glucose
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insulin
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oxytocin
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glucagon
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serotonin
Explanation
Correct Answer C: glucagon
Explanation:
When blood glucose levels drop, the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon. This hormone signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels back to normal.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. insulin – Insulin is released in response to high blood glucose, not low. It lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.
B. oxytocin – This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland; it’s involved in childbirth and lactation, not blood glucose regulation.
D. serotonin – This is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep, but it has no role in blood glucose control.
Which of the following are proteins composed of
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fatty acids
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nucleic acids
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unsaturated fatty acids
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amino acids
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saturated fatty acids
Explanation
Correct Answer D: amino acids
Explanation:
Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form all the proteins needed by the body.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. fatty acids – These are the building blocks of fats, not proteins.
B. nucleic acids – These make up DNA and RNA, not proteins.
C. unsaturated fatty acids – These are a type of fat, not a component of protein.
E. saturated fatty acids – Like unsaturated, these are fat molecules, not protein components.
A pH of 2.0 is considered
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all choices are correct
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neutral
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alkaline
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esophageal cancer
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acidic
Explanation
Correct Answer E: acidic
Explanation:
A pH of 2.0 is very acidic. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline (basic). A pH of 2.0 is close to that of stomach acid and is far from neutral or alkaline.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. all choices are correct – Incorrect because only one choice (acidic) accurately describes a pH of 2.0.
B. neutral – Neutral pH is 7, not 2.0.
C. alkaline – Alkaline refers to pH above 7, not below.
D. esophageal cancer – pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, not a disease.
A frontal section bisects the human into inferior and superior halves.
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
A frontal section (also called a coronal plane) divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. The plane that separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves is the transverse (horizontal) plane, not the frontal plane.
A catabolic reaction of ATP will remove one of three phosphate groups that form the molecule, and in the process, release energy
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: True
Explanation:
A catabolic reaction involves the breakdown of molecules. In the case of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), when one of its three phosphate groups is removed (typically the terminal phosphate), it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and releases energy. This energy is then used by the body for various cellular functions like muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis.
The protein hemoglobin is configured as which protein structural type
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primary
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secondary
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none of the choices are correct
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quaternary
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tertiary
Explanation
Correct Answer D: quaternary
Explanation:
Hemoglobin is a quaternary structure protein because it is composed of four polypeptide subunits—two alpha and two beta chains—that function together as one unit. These subunits interact through various bonds to maintain the protein’s overall shape and function in oxygen transport.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. primary
Primary structure refers only to the sequence of amino acids, not the complete arrangement of multiple subunits like in hemoglobin.
B. secondary
Secondary structure includes local folding patterns like alpha-helices and beta-sheets, but does not describe the full multi-chain structure of hemoglobin.
C. none of the choices are correct
This is incorrect because quaternary is the correct classification.
E. tertiary
Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, not the arrangement of multiple chains as found in hemoglobin.
In negative feedback, after homeostasis has been achieved, the regulatory center decreases messaging to the effectors
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: True
Explanation:
Negative feedback is a control mechanism that works to restore balance (homeostasis) in the body. Once the desired condition (such as normal temperature, pH, or glucose level) is reached, the regulatory center (like the brain or endocrine gland) reduces or stops signaling the effectors, since no further action is needed. This helps prevent overcorrection and maintains internal stability.
The femoral artery is found in the lower leg
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
The femoral artery is located in the upper thigh. It travels down the front of the thigh and transitions into the popliteal artery behind the knee, which then supplies blood to the lower leg. Therefore, it is not located in the lower leg itself.
A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions; for example, the heart pumps blood around the body
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True
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False
Explanation
Correct Answer: False
Explanation:
While it's true that a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function, the heart is not an example of a tissue — it is an organ. An organ is made up of multiple tissue types (muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, etc.) working together. Therefore, using the heart as an example of a tissue is incorrect.
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