HESI TPA - NP101 foundations of Nursing Exam 2 2026 Summer C - Herzing University Tampa
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Free HESI TPA - NP101 foundations of Nursing Exam 2 2026 Summer C - Herzing University Tampa Questions
Answer: 2
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2
Explanation
The patch delivers 1 mg over 3 days (72 hours). Since the client will use the patches for 6 days, that equals two 72-hour patch cycles: 6 days ÷ 3 days = 2 patches × 1 mg = 2 mg total.
Inform the client of the purpose of the medication.
Put on a clean pair of gloves.
Place patch on a new area of cleansed skin.
Document the application in the electronic medication record.
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Inform the client of the purpose of the medication.
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Put on a clean pair of gloves.
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Place patch on a new area of cleansed skin.
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Document the application in the electronic medication record.
Explanation
Correct Order: Inform the client of the purpose of the medication → Put on a clean pair of gloves → Place patch on a new area of cleansed skin → Document the application in the electronic medication record. The PN should first inform the client of the medication's purpose to ensure understanding and obtain cooperation. Next, the PN puts on clean gloves to maintain proper hand hygiene and prevent inadvertent absorption of the medication through the nurse's skin. The patch is then placed on a new, cleansed area of skin to promote proper adhesion and absorption while reducing the risk of skin irritation. Finally, documentation is completed last to accurately record that the medication was administered.
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for an adolescent with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile who has been experiencing increased urination. Which diagnostic test should the PN anticipate?
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Kidney, ureters, and bladder (KUB) x-ray
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Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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Blood sodium level
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Serum hemoglobin A1C
Explanation
An adolescent with a BMI above the 95th percentile (indicating obesity) presenting with increased urination (polyuria) is showing classic signs suggestive of type 2 diabetes mellitus; a serum hemoglobin A1C test evaluates average blood glucose control over the past 2-3 months and is an appropriate diagnostic test to assess for this condition.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. A KUB x-ray evaluates structural abnormalities of the urinary tract and would not be the priority diagnostic test for symptoms suggestive of diabetes in this client.
B. A urine hCG test is used to detect pregnancy and is not relevant to the client's presenting symptoms of obesity and polyuria suggestive of diabetes.
C. A blood sodium level would not specifically address the client's risk for diabetes suggested by their obesity and polyuria symptoms.
An adolescent with a history of recurring atopic dermatitis tells the practical nurse (PN) of a desire to play high school football. Which action should the PN take?
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Emphasize showering with non-perfumed soaps immediately after practice.
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Describe the problems associated with perspiration for those with atopic dermatitis.
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Encourage the client to join the swim team instead of the football team.
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Discuss with the coach the client's skin condition and manifestations.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Emphasize showering with non-perfumed soaps immediately after practice.
Showering promptly after practice with non-perfumed soap helps remove sweat, irritants, and allergens from the skin that can trigger flare-ups of atopic dermatitis, allowing the adolescent to participate safely in football while minimizing exacerbation of their skin condition.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Describing the problems associated with perspiration focuses on the negative aspects of the client's desired activity rather than providing practical, supportive guidance that allows the client to participate safely.
C. Encouraging the client to join the swim team instead disregards the client's personal choice and interest, and chlorine exposure in swimming can also be irritating to skin with atopic dermatitis; this response does not respect client autonomy.
D. Discussing the client's skin condition with the coach without the client's or family's consent violates client confidentiality (HIPAA) and is not an appropriate independent action for the nurse to take.
When administering NPH insulin, the practical nurse should insert the tip of the needle into which tissue?
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Visceral.
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Dermal.
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Adipose.
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Connective.
Explanation
NPH insulin is administered via subcutaneous injection, which requires the needle tip to be inserted into the adipose (fatty) tissue layer beneath the dermis. This tissue allows for slow, steady absorption of the insulin, which supports its intermediate-acting profile.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Visceral. Visceral tissue refers to internal organs and is not an injection site for insulin administration.
B. Dermal. Dermal injection would place the medication intradermally, a technique used for tests such as tuberculin skin testing rather than insulin delivery.
D. Connective. Connective tissue is a structural tissue type that is not a targeted injection layer for subcutaneous medications like NPH insulin.
The healthcare provider prescribes docusate sodium for a client who had a myocardial infarction 3 days ago. The client asks the practical nurse (PN) why the medication is being prescribed. Which information should the PN provide to the client?
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Increases the frequency of bowel movements.
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Decreases the development of flatulence.
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Blocks the loss of electrolytes during defecation.
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Prevents changes in the heart rate due to straining.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Prevents changes in the heart rate due to straining. Docusate sodium is a stool softener given to prevent straining during defecation. Straining can trigger the Valsalva maneuver, which can cause significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure, posing a risk to a client recovering from a myocardial infarction.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Increases the frequency of bowel movements. Docusate sodium works by softening the stool rather than primarily increasing the frequency of bowel movements.
B. Decreases the development of flatulence. Docusate sodium is not intended to reduce flatulence; its primary purpose is to soften stool and ease passage.
C. Blocks the loss of electrolytes during defecation. Docusate sodium does not function to prevent electrolyte loss; its mechanism is related to stool consistency, not electrolyte balance.
An hour after receiving the first dose of captopril, a client reports feeling weak and dizzy. Which action is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to perform?
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Evaluate the pupillary response to light.
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Inquire about development of a cough.
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Review the serum potassium level.
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Measure the blood pressure.
Explanation
Captopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause first-dose hypotension, especially shortly after the initial dose is given. Weakness and dizziness are classic symptoms of hypotension, so the PN should measure the blood pressure to confirm this and intervene appropriately.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Evaluate the pupillary response to light. Pupillary response is not related to the expected adverse effects of captopril and would not explain the client's symptoms.
B. Inquire about development of a cough. A persistent dry cough is a known side effect of ACE inhibitors, but it would not cause weakness and dizziness, so this is not the priority action.
C. Review the serum potassium level. While ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia, this would not produce immediate symptoms of weakness and dizziness within an hour, making blood pressure the more urgent assessment.
Which instructions should the practical nurse (PN) reinforce with a client who is prescribed oral diphenhydramine for seasonal allergies? Select all that apply.
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Avoid driving or operating machinery after taking this drug.
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Use caution to restrict alcohol intake while taking this drug.
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Do not abruptly stop the medication unless advised by healthcare provider.
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Recognize this drug may cause false negative results in skin allergy tests.
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Contact the healthcare provider if confusion or hypotension occurs.
Explanation
Diphenhydramine causes sedation, so clients should avoid driving or operating machinery after taking it. It also has additive central nervous system depressant effects with alcohol, so alcohol intake should be limited. Additionally, antihistamines like diphenhydramine can suppress skin reactions, leading to false negative results on allergy skin testing.
Why the other options are incorrect:
C. Do not abruptly stop the medication unless advised by healthcare provider. Diphenhydramine does not require gradual tapering, so this instruction is not applicable to this medication.
E. Contact the healthcare provider if confusion or hypotension occurs. While confusion can be a concern in certain populations, this is not a standard priority teaching point specific to seasonal allergy use of diphenhydramine.
The practical nurse (PN) observes hematuria in the urinary catheter drainage tubing of a client who is receiving IV heparin. Which action should the PN implement first?
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Check the client's gums for bleeding.
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Irrigate the urinary catheter with sterile normal saline.
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Obtain a urine specimen for urinalysis.
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Document the finding in the client's medical record.
Explanation
Hematuria in a client receiving IV heparin suggests possible anticoagulant-related bleeding. The PN's first action should be to assess for additional signs of systemic bleeding, such as gum bleeding, to determine the extent of the problem before taking further action.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Irrigate the urinary catheter with sterile normal saline. Irrigating the catheter does not address the underlying concern of possible bleeding related to heparin therapy and is not the priority action.
C. Obtain a urine specimen for urinalysis. While a urine specimen may eventually be needed, it is not the first priority when systemic bleeding related to anticoagulant therapy is suspected.
D. Document the finding in the client's medical record. Documentation is important but should occur after the PN has assessed the client further for additional signs of bleeding.
The practical nurse (PN) is providing care to a client who is prescribed enoxaparin. Which health outcome would indicate this medication is effective?
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The pulmonary embolus has lysed and the client's respiratory status improves.
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The client's hemoglobin remains stable throughout the rehabilitation.
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The client maintains a hemoglobin A1C within expected parameters.
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The client does not develop a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after abdominal surgery.
Explanation
Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin commonly used prophylactically to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis, particularly in postoperative clients; therefore, the absence of DVT development after abdominal surgery is the clearest indicator that the medication is achieving its intended therapeutic effect.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant used for prevention or treatment of clot formation; it does not actively lyse (dissolve) existing clots like a thrombolytic medication would, making this an inaccurate expected outcome.
B. Stable hemoglobin reflects the absence of bleeding complications from the medication, but it does not directly indicate that enoxaparin is achieving its intended therapeutic anticoagulant effect.
C. Hemoglobin A1C relates to long-term blood glucose control and has no relevance to the therapeutic action of enoxaparin.
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