HESI TPA - NP101 foundations of Nursing Exam 2 2026 Summer C - Herzing University Tampa
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Free HESI TPA - NP101 foundations of Nursing Exam 2 2026 Summer C - Herzing University Tampa Questions
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Emphasize showering with non-perfumed soaps immediately after practice.
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Describe the problems associated with perspiration for those with atopic dermatitis.
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Encourage the client to join the swim team instead of the football team.
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Discuss with the coach the client's skin condition and manifestations.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Emphasize showering with non-perfumed soaps immediately after practice.
Showering promptly after practice with non-perfumed soap helps remove sweat, irritants, and allergens from the skin that can trigger flare-ups of atopic dermatitis, allowing the adolescent to participate safely in football while minimizing exacerbation of their skin condition.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Describing the problems associated with perspiration focuses on the negative aspects of the client's desired activity rather than providing practical, supportive guidance that allows the client to participate safely.
C. Encouraging the client to join the swim team instead disregards the client's personal choice and interest, and chlorine exposure in swimming can also be irritating to skin with atopic dermatitis; this response does not respect client autonomy.
D. Discussing the client's skin condition with the coach without the client's or family's consent violates client confidentiality (HIPAA) and is not an appropriate independent action for the nurse to take.
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Whole blood.
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Vitamin K.
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Protamine sulfate.
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Platelets.
Explanation
Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin in the event of an overdose or excessive bleeding.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Whole blood. Whole blood may be used to treat significant blood loss but does not directly reverse the effects of heparin.
B. Vitamin K. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, not heparin, and would not be effective in reversing heparin's anticoagulant effects.
D. Platelets. Platelet transfusions address low platelet counts or platelet dysfunction, not the anticoagulant effect caused by heparin.
Reference Range: Hemoglobin (Hgb) [12 to 16 g/dL (120 to 160 g/L)]
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Aspirin
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Levothyroxine
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Calcium citrate
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Docusate sodium
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Aspirin
Given the client's significantly low hemoglobin level, recent history of falls, and headaches, aspirin should be withheld until consulting with the charge nurse, because its antiplatelet effect increases the risk of bleeding, which could worsen the client's anemia or contribute to a serious bleeding event such as intracranial hemorrhage from a fall-related head injury.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement and does not pose a bleeding risk or contraindication related to the client's current presentation.
C. Calcium citrate is a calcium supplement and has no bearing on the client's anemia, falls, or bleeding risk.
D. Docusate sodium is a stool softener and does not need to be withheld based on the client's current findings.
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Slows down the prostaglandin synthesis.
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Neutralizes the gastric secretions.
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Blocks the secretions of gastric acids.
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Decreases the rate of gastric emptying.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Blocks the secretions of gastric acids. Cimetidine is a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist that works by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach, which reduces the secretion of gastric acid and helps relieve symptoms of GERD.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Slows down the prostaglandin synthesis. Slowing prostaglandin synthesis is associated with NSAIDs, not the mechanism of action of cimetidine.
B. Neutralizes the gastric secretions. Neutralizing gastric acid is the mechanism of action for antacids, not H2 receptor antagonists like cimetidine.
D. Decreases the rate of gastric emptying. Cimetidine does not work by altering the rate of gastric emptying; its action is specific to reducing acid secretion.
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Evaluate the pupillary response to light.
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Inquire about development of a cough.
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Review the serum potassium level.
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Measure the blood pressure.
Explanation
Captopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause first-dose hypotension, especially shortly after the initial dose is given. Weakness and dizziness are classic symptoms of hypotension, so the PN should measure the blood pressure to confirm this and intervene appropriately.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Evaluate the pupillary response to light. Pupillary response is not related to the expected adverse effects of captopril and would not explain the client's symptoms.
B. Inquire about development of a cough. A persistent dry cough is a known side effect of ACE inhibitors, but it would not cause weakness and dizziness, so this is not the priority action.
C. Review the serum potassium level. While ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia, this would not produce immediate symptoms of weakness and dizziness within an hour, making blood pressure the more urgent assessment.
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The pulmonary embolus has lysed and the client's respiratory status improves.
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The client's hemoglobin remains stable throughout the rehabilitation.
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The client maintains a hemoglobin A1C within expected parameters.
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The client does not develop a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after abdominal surgery.
Explanation
Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin commonly used prophylactically to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis, particularly in postoperative clients; therefore, the absence of DVT development after abdominal surgery is the clearest indicator that the medication is achieving its intended therapeutic effect.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant used for prevention or treatment of clot formation; it does not actively lyse (dissolve) existing clots like a thrombolytic medication would, making this an inaccurate expected outcome.
B. Stable hemoglobin reflects the absence of bleeding complications from the medication, but it does not directly indicate that enoxaparin is achieving its intended therapeutic anticoagulant effect.
C. Hemoglobin A1C relates to long-term blood glucose control and has no relevance to the therapeutic action of enoxaparin.
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Laxative
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Emollient
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Antiemetic
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Adsorbent
Explanation
An antiemetic is specifically formulated to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting, making it the appropriate PRN medication to administer to a client reporting feelings of nausea.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. A laxative is used to promote bowel movements and treat constipation, not nausea.
B. An emollient is used to soften and soothe the skin and has no role in treating nausea.
D. An adsorbent is used to bind and remove substances such as toxins or gas from the gastrointestinal tract, typically for diarrhea, not nausea.
A. Facilitate rapid infusion of the transfusion.
B. Minimize symptoms related to any allergic reaction.
C. Inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction.
D. Promote relaxation of the client during the blood transfusion.
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (B) Minimize symptoms related to any allergic reaction. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine given prophylactically before a blood transfusion to help reduce the risk or severity of allergic reactions, such as itching, hives, or mild hypersensitivity responses, that can occur during transfusion therapy.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Facilitate rapid infusion of the transfusion. Diphenhydramine has no effect on the infusion rate of a blood transfusion.
C. Inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction. Diphenhydramine works by blocking histamine receptors, not by preventing the antigen-antibody immune response itself.
D. Promote relaxation of the client during the blood transfusion. While diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness as a side effect, its primary purpose in this context is to prevent allergic symptoms, not to promote relaxation.
- Facilitate rapid infusion of the transfusion.
- Minimize symptoms related to any allergic reaction.
- Inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction.
- Promote relaxation of the client during the blood transfusion.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Minimize symptoms related to any allergic reaction. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine given prophylactically before a blood transfusion to help reduce the risk or severity of allergic reactions, such as itching, hives, or mild hypersensitivity responses, that can occur during transfusion therapy.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Facilitate rapid infusion of the transfusion. Diphenhydramine has no effect on the infusion rate of a blood transfusion.
C. Inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction. Diphenhydramine works by blocking histamine receptors, not by preventing the antigen-antibody immune response itself.
D. Promote relaxation of the client during the blood transfusion. While diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness as a side effect, its primary purpose in this context is to prevent allergic symptoms, not to promote relaxation.
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"I will take the medication at bedtime."
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"I will take the medication with a glass of milk."
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"I will take the medication with a large meal."
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"I will take the medication on an empty stomach."
Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) "I will take the medication on an empty stomach." Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach, typically 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast, to ensure optimal and consistent absorption of the medication.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. "I will take the medication at bedtime." Taking levothyroxine at bedtime is not the standard recommendation; it should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach for consistent absorption.
B. "I will take the medication with a glass of milk." Dairy products contain calcium, which can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine and should be avoided when taking this medication.
C. "I will take the medication with a large meal." Food, especially large meals, can significantly reduce the absorption of levothyroxine, decreasing its effectiveness.
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Increase the amount of fluids and fiber in the diet.
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Check blood pressure prior to taking any cardiac medication.
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Consume a minimum of two to three liters of fluids each day.
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Slowly change position when rising from sitting or lying down.
Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Slowly change position when rising from sitting or lying down.
Orthostatic hypotension occurs when blood pressure drops suddenly upon standing, and instructing the client to change positions slowly allows the cardiovascular system time to compensate and adjust, helping to prevent dizziness, falls, and syncope associated with this adverse effect of antihypertensive medications.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Increasing the amount of fluids and fiber in the diet addresses constipation prevention, not orthostatic hypotension.
B. Checking blood pressure prior to taking any cardiac medication is a reasonable general safety practice, but it does not directly prevent orthostatic hypotension from occurring when the client changes positions.
C. Consuming a minimum of two to three liters of fluids each day may help maintain blood volume in some cases, but this is not the primary or most directly effective instruction for preventing orthostatic hypotension related to position changes.
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