C373 General Chemistry I with Lab
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Free C373 General Chemistry I with Lab Questions
What is the formula for magnesium hydrogen carbonate?
- MgHCO₃
- Mg(HCO₃)₂
- Mg₂HCO₃
- MgCO₃
Explanation
Magnesium has a +2 charge (Mg²⁺), while the hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) ion, HCO₃⁻, has a −1 charge. To balance the charges, two hydrogen carbonate ions are required for each magnesium ion. Therefore, the correct formula for magnesium hydrogen carbonate is Mg(HCO₃)₂. The parentheses indicate that the polyatomic ion HCO₃⁻ is present twice in the compound.
Correct Answer:
Mg(HCO₃)₂
What type of reaction is used in a breathalyzer (ethanol → acetaldehyde)?
- Dehydration
- Oxidation
- Reduction
- Esterification
Explanation
In a breathalyzer, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde. This involves the loss of hydrogen atoms from ethanol, which is an oxidation process. Oxidation in organic chemistry often refers to increasing the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen or decreasing the number of bonds to hydrogen. Therefore, the reaction of ethanol to acetaldehyde is an oxidation reaction.
Correct Answer:
Oxidation
A 2.50 g sample of a hydrate CaSO₄·xH₂O is heated to leave 1.98 g anhydrous. What is x?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 0.5
Explanation
The mass of water lost is 2.50 g − 1.98 g = 0.52 g. The moles of anhydrous CaSO₄: 1.98 g ÷ 136.14 g/mol ≈ 0.01454 mol. The moles of water: 0.52 g ÷ 18.02 g/mol ≈ 0.02887 mol. The ratio of moles H₂O to moles CaSO₄: 0.02887 ÷ 0.01454 ≈ 1.99 ≈ 2. Therefore, x = 2, meaning the hydrate is CaSO₄·2H₂O.
Correct Answer:
2
The orbital diagram for nitrogen shows how many unpaired electrons?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
Explanation
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7, giving it the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p³. The three electrons in the 2p subshell each occupy separate p orbitals (px, py, pz) according to Hund’s rule, which states that electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing. This results in three unpaired electrons in the p orbitals of nitrogen.
Correct Answer:
3
A 4.00 L sample of N₂ at 300 K and 2.00 atm is heated to 600 K at constant pressure. New volume?
- 2.00 L
- 4.00 L
- 6.00 L
- 8.00 L
Explanation
Using Charles’s Law (V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂) at constant pressure, V₂ = V₁ × (T₂/T₁). Substituting values: V₂ = 4.00 L × (600 K / 300 K) = 4.00 × 2 = 8.00 L. Therefore, the volume doubles when the temperature is doubled at constant pressure.
Correct Answer:
8.00 L
In the reaction S + O₂ → SO₂, sulfur’s oxidation number changes from:
- 0 to +2
- 0 to +4
- 0 to –2
- +4 to 0
Explanation
Sulfur starts as an element with an oxidation number of 0. In SO₂, oxygen has an oxidation number of −2. There are 2 oxygen atoms, contributing −4 in total, so sulfur must be +4 to balance the molecule. Therefore, sulfur’s oxidation number changes from 0 to +4.
Correct Answer:
0 to +4
In the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, how many liters of NH₃ at STP from 11.2 L N₂?
- 11.2 L
- 22.4 L
- 33.6 L
- 44.8 L
Explanation
The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of N₂ reacts with 3 moles of H₂ to produce 2 moles of NH₃. At STP, volumes of gases are directly proportional to moles. Therefore, 11.2 L of N₂ will produce 2 × 11.2 L ÷ 1 = 22.4 L of NH₃. This uses the stoichiometric ratio of 1:2 between N₂ and NH₃.
Correct Answer:
22.4 L
Which element has exactly two electrons in the 5p subshell?
- Sn
- Sb
- Te
- I
Explanation
The 5p subshell begins filling in period 5 elements after the 5s and 4d orbitals are complete. Tin (Sn) has the electron configuration [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p², meaning it has exactly two electrons in the 5p subshell. Antimony (Sb) has 5p³, tellurium (Te) has 5p⁴, and iodine (I) has 5p⁵. Therefore, tin is the element with exactly two electrons in the 5p subshell.
Correct Answer:
Sn
The electron configuration ending in 4p⁵ belongs to:
- Group 15
- Group 16
- Group 17
- Group 18
Explanation
An electron configuration ending in p⁵ indicates that the element is one electron short of a filled p subshell, which corresponds to the halogens. The 4p⁵ configuration means the element is in period 4, with its outermost electrons filling the p subshell up to five electrons. This matches bromine (Br), which is in Group 17. Therefore, any element with an outer configuration ending in p⁵ belongs to Group 17 on the periodic table.
Correct Answer:
Group 17
What volume of 0.500 M HCl is needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.400 M NaOH?
- 20.0 mL
- 25.0 mL
- 31.3 mL
- 12.5 mL
Explanation
The neutralization reaction is HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O, which has a 1:1 molar ratio. Calculate moles of NaOH: 0.0250 L × 0.400 M = 0.0100 mol NaOH. Since the ratio is 1:1, 0.0100 mol HCl is needed. Volume of HCl = moles ÷ molarity = 0.0100 mol ÷ 0.500 M = 0.0200 L = 20.0 mL.
Correct Answer:
20.0 mL
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