C373 General Chemistry I with Lab
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Free C373 General Chemistry I with Lab Questions
The molecular geometry of SF₆ is:
- Tetrahedral
- Trigonal bipyramidal
- Octahedral
- Square pyramidal
Explanation
In sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), the central sulfur atom forms six single bonds with six fluorine atoms and has no lone pairs. According to the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, six bonding pairs arrange themselves symmetrically around the central atom to minimize electron pair repulsion, resulting in an octahedral geometry. Each bond is positioned 90° apart, giving the molecule a highly symmetrical shape.
Correct Answer:
Octahedral
The correct orbital filling order is:
- 4s → 3d → 4p
- 3d → 4s → 4p
- 4s → 4p → 3d
- 4p → 4s → 3d
Explanation
Electrons occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy, as described by the Aufbau principle. After the 4s orbital is filled, the next orbitals to fill are the 3d orbitals, followed by the 4p orbitals. This sequence reflects the relative energies of these orbitals: 4s has slightly lower energy than 3d, which is why it fills first. Therefore, the correct orbital filling order is 4s → 3d → 4p.
Correct Answer:
4s → 3d → 4p
Balance the equation: __Al + __O₂ → __Al₂O₃
- 4, 3, 2
- 2, 3, 2
- 4, 6, 2
- 1, 1, 1
Explanation
To balance Al + O₂ → Al₂O₃, start with aluminum: Al₂O₃ has 2 aluminum atoms, so place 2 Al on the reactant side. Next, oxygen: Al₂O₃ has 3 oxygen atoms, and O₂ is diatomic. To balance oxygen, find the least common multiple of 3 and 2, which is 6. Thus, place 2 Al₂O₃ on the product side (6 O atoms), 4 Al on the reactant side, and 3 O₂ on the reactant side to balance 6 oxygen atoms. The balanced equation is 4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃.
Correct Answer:
4, 3, 2
Name the compound N₂O₄:
- Nitrogen tetroxide
- Dinitrogen tetroxide
- Nitrogen(IV) oxide
- Both b and c
Explanation
N₂O₄ consists of two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms. Using the prefixes for molecular compounds, “di-” denotes two and “tetra-” denotes four, so the compound’s name is dinitrogen tetroxide. The compound can also be referred to as nitrogen(IV) oxide because nitrogen has a +4 oxidation state in this molecule. Therefore, both names—dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen(IV) oxide—are correct representations.
Correct Answer:
Both b and c
In the reaction S + O₂ → SO₂, sulfur’s oxidation number changes from:
- 0 to +2
- 0 to +4
- 0 to –2
- +4 to 0
Explanation
Sulfur starts as an element with an oxidation number of 0. In SO₂, oxygen has an oxidation number of −2. There are 2 oxygen atoms, contributing −4 in total, so sulfur must be +4 to balance the molecule. Therefore, sulfur’s oxidation number changes from 0 to +4.
Correct Answer:
0 to +4
Which element has the largest atomic radius?
- Li
- Na
- K
- Rb
Explanation
Atomic radius increases as you move down a group in the periodic table because additional electron shells are added, increasing the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus. All of these elements belong to Group 1 (alkali metals), so the radius increases from Li to Rb. Therefore, Rb, being the lowest in the group, has the largest atomic radius.
Correct Answer:
Rb
The electron configuration ending in 4p⁵ belongs to:
- Group 15
- Group 16
- Group 17
- Group 18
Explanation
An electron configuration ending in p⁵ indicates that the element is one electron short of a filled p subshell, which corresponds to the halogens. The 4p⁵ configuration means the element is in period 4, with its outermost electrons filling the p subshell up to five electrons. This matches bromine (Br), which is in Group 17. Therefore, any element with an outer configuration ending in p⁵ belongs to Group 17 on the periodic table.
Correct Answer:
Group 17
What is 298 K in Celsius?
- 25 °C
- 271 °C
- 325 °C
- 571 °C
Explanation
The relationship between Kelvin and Celsius is given by the equation °C = K − 273.15. Substituting the given value, 298 K − 273.15 = 24.85 °C, which rounds to 25 °C when expressed with two significant figures. Therefore, 298 K corresponds to approximately 25 °C.
Correct Answer:
25 °C
A 2.50 g sample of a hydrate CaSO₄·xH₂O is heated to leave 1.98 g anhydrous. What is x?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 0.5
Explanation
The mass of water lost is 2.50 g − 1.98 g = 0.52 g. The moles of anhydrous CaSO₄: 1.98 g ÷ 136.14 g/mol ≈ 0.01454 mol. The moles of water: 0.52 g ÷ 18.02 g/mol ≈ 0.02887 mol. The ratio of moles H₂O to moles CaSO₄: 0.02887 ÷ 0.01454 ≈ 1.99 ≈ 2. Therefore, x = 2, meaning the hydrate is CaSO₄·2H₂O.
Correct Answer:
2
The ionization energy trend down a group generally:
- Increases
- Decreases
- Remains constant
- Doubles
Explanation
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state. As you move down a group, the atomic radius increases because additional energy levels are added. The outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and experience greater shielding from inner electrons, reducing the effective nuclear attraction. Therefore, less energy is needed to remove an electron, and ionization energy decreases down a group.
Correct Answer:
Decreases
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