C373 General Chemistry I with Lab
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Free C373 General Chemistry I with Lab Questions
What is the limiting reactant when 16.0 g CH₄ reacts with 64.0 g O₂?
- CH₄
- O₂
- Neither
- Both
Explanation
The balanced reaction is CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O. To find the limiting reactant, first convert each reactant to moles. CH₄: 16.0 g ÷ 16.04 g/mol = 0.998 mol. O₂: 64.0 g ÷ 32.00 g/mol = 2.00 mol. The stoichiometric ratio requires 2 moles of O₂ for every 1 mole of CH₄, meaning 0.998 mol CH₄ would need 1.996 mol O₂. Since 2.00 mol O₂ are available, O₂ is slightly in excess, and CH₄ is the limiting reactant.
Correct Answer:
CH₄
What is the formula for diphosphorus pentoxide?
- P₂O₅
- P₅O₂
- P₄O₁₀
- PO₅
Explanation
The prefix “di-” means two phosphorus atoms, and “penta-” means five oxygen atoms, forming the empirical formula P₂O₅. However, the actual molecular form of the compound is P₄O₁₀, which is the dimer of P₂O₅. In chemical naming conventions, diphosphorus pentoxide refers to this molecular form, P₄O₁₀, as it is the true structure of the compound.
Correct Answer:
P₄O₁₀
The correct orbital filling order is:
- 4s → 3d → 4p
- 3d → 4s → 4p
- 4s → 4p → 3d
- 4p → 4s → 3d
Explanation
Electrons occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy, as described by the Aufbau principle. After the 4s orbital is filled, the next orbitals to fill are the 3d orbitals, followed by the 4p orbitals. This sequence reflects the relative energies of these orbitals: 4s has slightly lower energy than 3d, which is why it fills first. Therefore, the correct orbital filling order is 4s → 3d → 4p.
Correct Answer:
4s → 3d → 4p
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in ⁶³₂₉Cu²⁺?
- 29 p, 34 n, 27 e
- 29 p, 34 n, 29 e
- 29 p, 63 n, 27 e
- 63 p, 29 n, 61 e
Explanation
The atomic number (29) represents the number of protons in copper. The mass number (63) is the total of protons and neutrons, so the number of neutrons is 63 − 29 = 34. A neutral copper atom would have 29 electrons, but since the ion has a 2+ charge, it has lost 2 electrons, leaving 27 electrons. Therefore, ⁶³₂₉Cu²⁺ has 29 protons, 34 neutrons, and 27 electrons.
Correct Answer:
29 p, 34 n, 27 e
The density of an unknown gas at 25 °C and 760 torr is 1.25 g/L. Its molar mass is:
- 28.0 g/mol
- 30.6 g/mol
- 32.0 g/mol
- 44.0 g/mol
Explanation
Use the ideal gas law in the form ρ = (PM)/(RT), where ρ is density, P is pressure in atm, M is molar mass, R = 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K), and T in K. Convert 760 torr to 1 atm, T = 25 °C = 298 K. Rearranging: M = ρRT / P = (1.25 g/L × 0.08206 × 298) / 1 ≈ 30.6 g/mol.
Correct Answer:
30.6 g/mol
In the reaction 3NO₂ + H₂O → 2HNO₃ + NO, the oxidation number of nitrogen changes from:
- +4 to +5 and +2
- +5 to +4
- +4 to +2 only
- +4 to +5 only
Explanation
In NO₂, nitrogen has an oxidation number of +4. In HNO₃, nitrogen is +5, and in NO, nitrogen is +2. This reaction is a disproportionation reaction, where a single species (NO₂) is simultaneously oxidized to HNO₃ and reduced to NO. Therefore, nitrogen changes from +4 to both +5 and +2.
Correct Answer:
+4 to +5 and +2
What is the VSEPR notation for PCl₅?
- AX₅
- AX₄E
- AX₅E
- AX₆
Explanation
In phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅), the phosphorus atom is the central atom bonded to five chlorine atoms and has no lone pairs. The VSEPR notation represents this as AX₅, where “A” is the central atom, “X” represents bonded atoms, and the number following X indicates the number of bonds. This arrangement leads to a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry, consistent with the AX₅ notation.
Correct Answer:
AX₅
The mass percent of carbon in C₆H₁₂O₆ is closest to:
- 40.0%
- 53.3%
- 39.9%
- 6.7%
Explanation
To calculate the mass percent of carbon, the total mass of carbon in the compound is divided by the molar mass of the entire compound, then multiplied by 100. The molar mass of C₆H₁₂O₆ is (6 × 12.01) + (12 × 1.008) + (6 × 16.00) = 72.06 + 12.10 + 96.00 = 180.16 g/mol. The mass of carbon is 72.06 g. Therefore, (72.06 ÷ 180.16) × 100 = 39.99%, which rounds to about 40.0%.
Correct Answer:
40.0%
The correct name for Fe₂(CrO₄)₃ is:
- Iron(III) chromate
- Iron(II) chromate
- Iron dichromate
- Iron(III) chromium oxide
Explanation
Fe₂(CrO₄)₃ consists of two iron (Fe) atoms and three chromate (CrO₄²⁻) ions. The total negative charge from the chromate ions is 3 × 2⁻ = 6⁻. Therefore, the two iron atoms together must provide a +6 charge to balance, making each iron atom have a +3 oxidation state. Hence, the compound is correctly named iron(III) chromate, where “III” indicates the +3 oxidation state of iron.
Correct Answer:
Iron(III) chromate
The formula for aluminum cyanide is:
- AlCN
- Al(CN)₃
- Al₃CN
- AlC₃N₃
Explanation
Cyanide is a polyatomic ion with the formula CN⁻, carrying a −1 charge. Aluminum forms a +3 ion (Al³⁺). To balance the charges, three cyanide ions are needed for every aluminum ion, resulting in the formula Al(CN)₃. Parentheses are used around CN to indicate that three of the entire cyanide groups are bonded to the aluminum atom.
Correct Answer:
Al(CN)₃
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