nursing 1025 fundamentals of nursing
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Free nursing 1025 fundamentals of nursing Questions
A nurse is preparing an in-service about communication for a group of staff nurses. Which of the following techniques should the nurse include when discussing therapeutic communication?
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Using silence
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Offering sympathy
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Providing passive responses
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Offering personal opinions
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Using silence
Therapeutic communication is a purposeful, client-centered approach to interaction that promotes trust, understanding, and healing. Using silence is a well-established therapeutic communication technique that creates intentional space for the client to gather their thoughts, process emotions, and continue speaking at their own pace without feeling rushed or pressured. Silence communicates to the client that the nurse is fully present, attentive, and comfortable with the emotional weight of what is being shared, which is particularly important during difficult or emotionally charged conversations. Offering sympathy, which involves projecting the nurse's own feelings onto the client's situation, is non-therapeutic because it shifts focus away from the client's experience. Passive responses and offering personal opinions are similarly non-therapeutic as they fail to keep the focus on the client's needs and can introduce bias or minimize the client's feelings.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative.
Which of the following factors could present a barrier to the nurse effectively communicating with the client? Select all that apply.
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Client's hearing deficit
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Volume of the client's television
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Numerous visitors in the client's room
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Increase in pain after ambulation
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The client's reported level of sedation/sleepiness
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Using earphones while listening to music
Explanation
Correct Answers: A) Client's hearing deficit, B) Volume of the client's television, D) Increase in pain after ambulation, E) The client's reported level of sedation/sleepiness, F) Using earphones while listening to music
A) Client's hearing deficit — The nurse's notes document that the client has hearing loss and does not wear a hearing aid, making this a direct and confirmed barrier to effective communication.
B) Volume of the client's television — The notes state the TV volume is loud, which creates environmental noise that interferes with the nurse's ability to communicate clearly with the client.
D) Increase in pain after ambulation — At 1000, the client ambulated, reported pain of 5/10, appeared upset, and was guarding the incisional site. Significant pain impairs the client's ability to focus and process information.
E) The client's reported level of sedation/sleepiness — At 1045, the client received an opioid analgesic and reported feeling "very sleepy." Sedation significantly impairs the client's alertness and ability to engage in meaningful communication.
F) Using earphones while listening to music — At 1045, the client is resting with eyes closed and listening to music with earphones, which physically blocks the nurse's verbal communication.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about ways to improve their health. Which of the following modifiable risk factors should the nurse include? Select All that Apply.
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Alcohol consumption
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Diet
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Sedentary lifestyle
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Weight
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Family history
Explanation
Correct Answers: A) Alcohol consumption, B) Diet, C) Sedentary lifestyle, D) Weight
A) Alcohol consumption — Excessive alcohol intake is a modifiable risk factor directly linked to liver disease, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and neurological damage. Clients can reduce their risk significantly by limiting or eliminating alcohol consumption, making it a key target for health promotion teaching.
B) Diet — Dietary habits are among the most impactful modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Teaching clients about balanced nutrition, reducing sodium and saturated fat intake, and increasing fiber and vegetable consumption directly contributes to improved health outcomes.
C) Sedentary lifestyle — Physical inactivity is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and mental health disorders. Encouraging regular physical activity, even modest increases in daily movement, can substantially reduce disease risk and improve overall health.
D) Weight — Excess body weight, particularly obesity, is a modifiable risk factor associated with numerous chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, and joint disease. Weight management through lifestyle changes is a critical component of health promotion.
A nurse is planning a staff in-service on hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). The nurse should explain that which of the following portals for types of HAIs are included in the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP)? Select All that Apply.
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Central lines
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Chest tubes
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Peripheral IVs
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Surgical sites
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Urinary catheters
Explanation
Correct Answers: A) Central lines, D) Surgical sites, E) Urinary catheters
A) Central lines — Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a key focus of the HACRP as they represent a significant and preventable source of hospital-acquired infections.
D) Surgical sites — Surgical site infections (SSIs) are included in the HACRP because they are largely preventable with proper aseptic technique and postoperative care.
E) Urinary catheters — Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common HAIs and are specifically targeted in the HACRP for reduction through evidence-based practices.
A nurse is admitting a new client. Which of the following steps of the nursing process is the nurse performing when formulating goals for a positive outcome?
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Planning
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Evaluation
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Implementation
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Assessment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Planning
A) — The planning phase of the nursing process involves setting measurable and achievable goals, identifying expected outcomes, and developing a care plan tailored to the client's needs. Formulating goals for a positive outcome is a defining activity of this phase.
A nurse is planning to provide discharge teaching for a client who has hearing loss. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
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Face the client while talking.
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Answer client's question using medical terminology.
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Dim the lights in the client's room.
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Increase the rate of speech when talking with the client.
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Face the client while talking.
When communicating with a client who has hearing loss, facing the client directly while speaking is an essential and evidence-based communication strategy. Many individuals with hearing loss rely on lip reading, facial expressions, and non-verbal cues to supplement their understanding of spoken words. By maintaining face-to-face positioning, the nurse ensures that the client has full visual access to these cues, which significantly enhances comprehension.
Additionally, the nurse should speak clearly at a normal or slightly slower pace, not faster, as increasing the rate of speech makes lip reading more difficult and reduces clarity. Dimming the lights would make lip reading and facial expression interpretation nearly impossible, further impairing communication. Using medical terminology is inappropriate for any client teaching as it creates confusion and reduces health literacy, regardless of hearing status.
A nurse is teaching a client how to perform a dressing change. The nurse asks the client to explain the information in their own words. Which of the following types of teaching methods is the nurse utilizing?
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Role-play
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Lecture
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Teach-back
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Question-and-answer
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Teach-back
The teach-back method, also known as the "show me" method, is a highly effective evidence-based teaching strategy used to confirm client understanding by asking the client to repeat or explain the information they have just received in their own words. Rather than simply asking "Do you understand?", which elicits a yes or no response that does not verify comprehension, teach-back requires the client to actively demonstrate their understanding.
This allows the nurse to immediately identify and correct any misconceptions or gaps in knowledge before the client is discharged or expected to perform self-care independently. For procedural skills like dressing changes, combining teach-back with return demonstration provides the most comprehensive assessment of both cognitive understanding and psychomotor ability. Teach-back is particularly important for complex or high-risk self-care tasks where errors could result in infection, complications, or rehospitalization.
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about wearing medical masks. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
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"Touch the front of your mask while wearing it."
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"Remove your mask prior to removing your gloves."
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"Discard your mask after each use."
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"Position the mask on your face with the flexible metal piece at the bottom."
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) "Discard your mask after each use."
Single-use medical masks are designed to be worn once and discarded appropriately after each patient interaction or when the mask becomes moist, soiled, or damaged. Reusing a contaminated mask increases the risk of self-contamination and transmission of infectious agents. The front of the mask is considered contaminated and should never be touched while wearing it, as doing so can transfer pathogens to the hands. The flexible metal piece, or nose wire, should be positioned at the top of the mask over the bridge of the nose to create a proper seal and prevent air leakage. Regarding donning and doffing sequence, gloves should be removed before the mask, as the mask is considered less contaminated, and removing gloves first protects against contaminating the face and mucous membranes during mask removal.
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous fluids via an infusion pump to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent an electrical hazard? Select All that Apply.
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Run additional cord under carpeting.
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Avoid rolling equipment over extension cords.
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Ensure the plug has three prongs.
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Plug in the pump close to sink.
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Unplug the cord by grasping the plug.
Explanation
Correct Answers: B) Avoid rolling equipment over extension cords, C) Ensure the plug has three prongs, E) Unplug the cord by grasping the plug.
B) Avoid rolling equipment over extension cords — Rolling heavy medical equipment over cords can damage the cord insulation, expose live wires, and create a serious risk of electrical shock, short circuit, or fire. Keeping pathways clear of cords is a fundamental electrical safety practice in healthcare settings.
C) Ensure the plug has three prongs — A three-pronged plug includes a grounding wire that provides a safe pathway for excess electrical current to dissipate in the event of a fault, significantly reducing the risk of electrical shock to the client or nurse. Medical equipment should always use grounded plugs.
E) Unplug the cord by grasping the plug — Pulling an electrical cord out of the outlet by the wire rather than the plug places stress on the internal connections, can damage the cord insulation over time, and increases the risk of electrical shock. Always grasping the plug protects both the equipment and the individual.
A nurse is applying knowledge to analyze a clinical situation. Which of the following roles is the nurse taking?
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Mentor
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Critical thinker
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Educator
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Advocate
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Critical thinker
Critical thinking in nursing is the disciplined, purposeful application of knowledge, clinical reasoning, and reflective judgment to analyze complex clinical situations and arrive at sound, evidence-based decisions. When a nurse actively applies their knowledge to examine, interpret, and evaluate a clinical situation rather than simply following routine or protocol, they are functioning in the role of a critical thinker. This role is foundational to safe nursing practice because it enables the nurse to recognize subtle changes in client condition, anticipate potential complications, prioritize competing needs, and select the most appropriate interventions. Critical thinking distinguishes professional nursing from task-based care and is essential across all clinical settings and specialties.
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