D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science
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Free D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science Questions
1. Which three food choices would represent healthy snacking habits for an overweight teenager?
- Honey-coated breakfast cereal
- Carrot sticks with low-fat dip
- Unbuttered popcorn
- Cheese cubes
- Processed beef cheeseburger
- Hot dog
Explanation
Healthy snacking for an overweight teenager emphasizes nutrient-dense, lower-calorie options that provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Carrot sticks with low-fat dip and unbuttered popcorn are high in fiber and low in added fats and sugars, making them ideal for healthy snacking. Cheese cubes provide protein and calcium in moderation, supporting satiety and nutrient intake. In contrast, honey-coated cereal, processed beef cheeseburgers, and hot dogs are high in added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, which are not recommended for frequent snacking.
2. The occupational health nurse is starting a weight management program for employees. Several employees have stated goals for the class.
- I want to increase my energy level so I can have fun with my kids
- I want you to provide me with a plan to lose two dress sizes by next month
- I want my friends to envy how I look after I lose weight in this class
- I want to lose 20 pounds by my high school reunion in two weeks
Explanation
An appropriate and realistic goal for a weight management program focuses on measurable, achievable, and health-related outcomes rather than rapid weight loss or appearance-based objectives. Increasing energy levels to engage in daily activities, such as playing with children, is a practical and attainable goal that emphasizes functional health and overall well-being. Unlike goals focused on rapid weight loss or social comparison, this goal supports sustainable lifestyle changes and aligns with healthy behavior modification principles.
3. Which action will decrease the risk of a foodborne illness from poultry?
- Storing poultry in the refrigerator for 7 to 10 days
- Refrigerating leftover poultry within 3 to 4 hours of cooking
- Cooking or freezing fresh poultry within 2 days of purchase
- Freezing poultry at 32 oF to maintain freshness
Explanation
To reduce the risk of foodborne illness from poultry, it is important to limit the time poultry remains at temperatures that support bacterial growth. Cooking or freezing fresh poultry within 2 days of purchase minimizes the opportunity for pathogens, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, to multiply. This practice ensures that poultry is either fully cooked to kill bacteria or safely preserved by freezing. Storing poultry in the refrigerator for too long, freezing without proper handling, or only refrigerating leftovers without prompt cooking does not provide the same level of safety.
4. A patient who is obese and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is worried about the complications of diabetes. The nurse wants to suggest a long-term goal to help the patient minimize complications.
- Eliminating complex carbohydrates from diet
- Demonstrating accurate measurement of blood glucose
- Adjusting medication based on activity duration
- Reducing and maintaining body weight by at least 10%
Explanation
A long-term goal for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes should focus on sustainable lifestyle changes that reduce complications. Reducing and maintaining body weight by at least 10% has been shown to improve glycemic control, reduce blood pressure, and lower lipid levels, thereby minimizing the risk of diabetes-related complications. This goal addresses the root cause of many complications and is achievable through diet, exercise, and behavioral changes, making it an appropriate long-term strategy.
5. Which statement is accurate about weight gain in a teenager?
- Fast food intake among adolescents is one factor that causes poor nutrition and weight gain.
- A dramatic increase in BMI is expected during adolescence, but it is usually resolved during adulthood.
- As long as the teenager is eating nutritious meals at home, weight gain is nothing to be concerned about.
- Individual metabolism has no effect on weight gain in teenagers.
Explanation
Weight gain in adolescents can be influenced by multiple factors, including dietary habits, physical activity, and metabolism. Frequent consumption of fast food is linked to high caloric intake, poor nutrient quality, and increased risk of overweight and obesity. While growth during adolescence can temporarily affect BMI, poor nutrition and lifestyle habits can exacerbate weight gain. Metabolism also plays a role in how the body processes energy. Therefore, addressing dietary behaviors such as fast food consumption is important for preventing unhealthy weight gain in teenagers.
6. Which mineral is most important for maintaining bone density in older adults?
- Calcium
- Iron
- Sodium
- Potassium
Explanation
Calcium is a key component of bones and is essential to prevent osteoporosis in older adults. Adequate calcium intake, often combined with vitamin D, helps maintain bone strength. Iron, sodium, and potassium have other physiological roles but are less directly related to bone density.
7. Which fat should be avoided in a plan for healthy eating?
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Trans fats
- Monounsaturated fats
- Polyunsaturated fats
Explanation
Trans fats are artificially created fats found in partially hydrogenated oils and some processed foods. They are strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, elevated LDL cholesterol, and inflammation. Unlike healthy fats—such as omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fats, and polyunsaturated fats, which provide heart and brain benefits—trans fats offer no health benefits and should be minimized or avoided in a healthy eating plan.
8. Which food choice demonstrates a nutrient-dense snack?
- Carrot sticks with hummus
- Potato chips
- Candy bar
- Soda
Explanation
Carrot sticks with hummus provide fiber, protein, and vitamins while being low in added sugars and unhealthy fats. Potato chips, candy, and soda are calorie-dense but nutrient-poor, providing little to no essential nutrients.
9. Which activity is appropriate for kindergarten students, aged 5 and 6, to develop healthy eating habits?
- Teach the students a song about the five food groups.
- Assign students to write a description of a new food.
- Have the students read food labels for different nutrients.
- Ask students to plan a meal using healthy foods.
Explanation
Kindergarten students learn best through engaging, interactive, and age-appropriate activities. Teaching a song about the five food groups helps children recognize and remember the basic components of a healthy diet in a fun and developmentally suitable way. Activities like reading food labels or planning meals require higher cognitive skills that may be too advanced for this age group, while writing descriptions of foods does not effectively reinforce nutritional concepts.
10. Which food is a good source of plant-based protein?
- Lentils
- Chicken breast
- Eggs
- Cheese
Explanation
Lentils are legumes that provide a rich source of plant-based protein and fiber. Chicken, eggs, and cheese are animal-based proteins. Plant-based protein sources are important for vegetarians or individuals reducing meat consumption.
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