D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science
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Free D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science Questions
1. According to the United States Households by Food Security Status, part of the population was classified as having reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet.
- Marginal food security
- High food security
- Very low food security
- Low food security
Explanation
Households classified as having low food security experience reduced quality, variety, or desirability of their diet, although the quantity of food intake may not be substantially reduced. This contrasts with very low food security, where both the quality and quantity of food are affected, and high or marginal food security, where food access is not substantially compromised. Understanding these distinctions helps identify households at risk for nutritional deficiencies due to limited food quality or variety.
2. Which food is a good source of calcium for adults who do not consume dairy products?
- Fortified plant-based milk
- White rice
- Chicken breast
- Olive oil
Explanation
Fortified plant-based milk, such as almond or soy milk, contains added calcium and can serve as an alternative to dairy for those who are lactose intolerant or vegan. White rice, chicken, and olive oil provide minimal calcium. Ensuring adequate calcium intake supports bone health and helps prevent osteoporosis.
3. Which eating habit helps prevent mindless overeating in adults?
- Eating meals at a table without distractions
- Eating while watching TV
- Eating quickly to save time
- Skipping meals and snacking heavily later
Explanation
Eating meals at a table without distractions encourages mindful eating, allowing the body to recognize fullness cues and avoid overeating. Eating while watching TV or quickly can lead to excessive caloric intake, and skipping meals may trigger compensatory overeating later.
4. A nurse evaluates a patient's understanding about lifestyle modifications to control hypertension.
- "I will reduce my sodium intake."
- "I will start walking every day."
- "I will keep fat intake below 40%."
- "I will keep my BMI under 25 kg/m²."
Explanation
For hypertension management, dietary fat intake should ideally be limited to less than 30% of total daily calories, with an emphasis on reducing saturated and trans fats. A statement indicating the patient plans to keep fat intake below 40% reflects a misunderstanding, as this is above recommended levels for cardiovascular health and hypertension control. Other statements—reducing sodium, starting regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy BMI—are consistent with established lifestyle modification guidelines for managing high blood pressure.
5. Which menu items are appropriate for a patient with early chronic kidney disease?
- Oatmeal, whole grain toast, blueberries, and coffee
- Scrambled eggs, bacon, banana, and milk
- Pancakes and syrup, sausage, strawberries, and orange juice
- Ham and cheese omelet, potatoes, oranges, and tea
Explanation
For patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is important to manage protein, potassium, and phosphorus intake while promoting heart-healthy choices. The menu with oatmeal, whole grain toast, blueberries, and coffee is appropriate because it provides fiber and antioxidants, contains moderate protein, and is lower in potassium and phosphorus compared to the other options. This type of meal supports kidney health and reduces the risk of further renal function decline. Other options contain high potassium or phosphorus foods such as bananas, milk, potatoes, and oranges, which are less suitable in early CKD.
6. A school nurse evaluates the understanding of a high school health class about exercise recommendations for a healthy lifestyle.
- "I get enough exercise if I run for 30 minutes, 3 days a week."
- "My weekly lawn mowing counts toward my exercise total."
- "My lifeguard job at the pool provides the activity that I need."
- "I should exercise for at least 150 minutes each week."
Explanation
Current exercise guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week for adolescents and adults to maintain health. Exercising for only 30 minutes, 3 days a week totals 90 minutes, which is below the recommended threshold. This statement indicates a misunderstanding of the weekly exercise requirements and highlights the need for further instruction. Activities like lawn mowing or physically active jobs may count toward total activity if they reach moderate intensity, and aiming for 150 minutes per week aligns with national recommendations.
7. Which physical activity recommendation aligns with current guidelines for adult health promotion?
- 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week
- 30 minutes of exercise once per month
- Daily stretching only
- One hour of weightlifting per year
Explanation
Health guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week for adults to promote cardiovascular health, maintain weight, and reduce chronic disease risk. Occasional exercise or stretching alone is insufficient for overall health benefits.
8. Which type of carbohydrate provides a slow, steady release of energy and supports digestive health?
- Complex carbohydrates
- Simple sugars
- Refined grains
- Artificial sweeteners
Explanation
Complex carbohydrates, found in foods like whole grains, legumes, and vegetables, are digested slowly, providing sustained energy and supporting digestive health due to their fiber content. Simple sugars and refined grains digest quickly, causing rapid spikes in blood glucose. Artificial sweeteners provide minimal energy and do not contain fiber.
9. Which factor is a primary contributor to childhood obesity?
- Excessive screen time and sedentary behavior
- Daily participation in team sports
- Consumption of home-cooked meals
- Regular physical education classes
Explanation
Excessive screen time and sedentary behavior reduce energy expenditure and are strongly associated with childhood obesity. Participation in sports, home-cooked meals, and regular PE classes typically support healthy weight and activity patterns.
10. A patient who is obese and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is worried about the complications of diabetes. The nurse wants to suggest a long-term goal to help the patient minimize complications.
- Eliminating complex carbohydrates from diet
- Demonstrating accurate measurement of blood glucose
- Adjusting medication based on activity duration
- Reducing and maintaining body weight by at least 10%
Explanation
A long-term goal for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes should focus on sustainable lifestyle changes that reduce complications. Reducing and maintaining body weight by at least 10% has been shown to improve glycemic control, reduce blood pressure, and lower lipid levels, thereby minimizing the risk of diabetes-related complications. This goal addresses the root cause of many complications and is achievable through diet, exercise, and behavioral changes, making it an appropriate long-term strategy.
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