BIOL-203-604 2025 FA Anatomy and Physiology I at Howard Community College
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Free BIOL-203-604 2025 FA Anatomy and Physiology I at Howard Community College Questions
The elbow joint permits movement in a single plane, so its range of motion is described as:
- multiaxial
- uniaxial
- non-axial
- biaxial
Explanation
Explanation
The elbow joint is a uniaxial joint, meaning it allows movement in only one plane or axis (specifically flexion and extension). In contrast, multiaxial joints, like the shoulder or hip, allow movement in multiple planes, while biaxial joints allow movement in two planes (like the wrist). Non-axial joints do not allow movement along an axis and are typically planar joints, like those between the bones of the skull.Correct Answer Is:
B. uniaxialAll of the following are immovable joints except:
- sutures
- synchondrosis
- synovial
- gomphosis
Explanation
Explanation
Synovial joints are the only type of joints that allow significant movement. They have a synovial cavity and are connected by a joint capsule, which contains synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. These joints allow for a wide range of motions, such as flexion, extension, rotation, and more, and include joints like the knee, elbow, and shoulder. In contrast, sutures, synchondrosis, and gomphosis are types of immovable or only slightly movable joints.Correct Answer Is:
C. synovialThe dorsal body cavity contains:
- the digestive viscera
- the brain and spinal cord
- the heart
- the lungs
Explanation
Explanation
The dorsal body cavity is located along the back of the body and is divided into two main parts: the cranial cavity, which houses the brain, and the vertebral (spinal) cavity, which contains the spinal cord. The digestive viscera, heart, and lungs are located in other cavities (such as the abdominal, thoracic, and pericardial cavities).Correct Answer Is:
B. the brain and spinal cordWhich of the following is not a division of anatomy?
- microscopic
- regional
- developmental
- homeopathic
Explanation
Explanation
Homeopathic is not a division of anatomy. Anatomy is traditionally divided into categories like microscopic anatomy (study of structures that require a microscope), regional anatomy (study of specific areas of the body), and developmental anatomy (study of how structures change over time, from conception to adulthood). Homeopathy, on the other hand, is a form of alternative medicine that is not related to anatomy.Correct Answer Is:
D. homeopathicMr. Smith recently consumed 5 boxes of Milk Duds, which are broken down into glucose by the digestive system and released into the bloodstream. This increase in blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin travels through the bloodstream to the liver, encouraging the storage of excess glucose as glycogen, ultimately decreasing blood glucose levels and returning the body to homeostasis.
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the components involved in this process?
- The liver is the stimulus, the pancreas is the effector, and the insulin is the control center.
- The liver is the effector, the pancreas is the control center, and the increase in blood glucose is the stimulus.
- The liver is the control center, the pancreas is the effector, and the insulin is the stimulus.
- The pancreas is the stimulus, the liver is the control center, and the blood glucose increase is the effector.
Explanation
Explanation
- The stimulus is the increase in blood glucose from the consumption of Milk Duds.
- The control center is the pancreas, which detects the change and responds by producing insulin.
- The effector is the liver, which responds to the insulin by storing excess glucose as glycogen to decrease blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer Is:
B. The liver is the effector, the pancreas is the control center, and the increase in blood glucose is the stimulus.All of the following are true about bone homeostasis except:
- woven bone is the precursor to lamellar bone
- remodeling allows bone to serve as the body's reservoir for calcium
- bone constantly remodels its matrix along lines of stress
- osteogenesis begins after birth
Explanation
Explanation
Osteogenesis, or the formation of bone, begins during fetal development, not after birth. During embryonic development, bone is formed through either intramembranous ossification (direct formation of bone from mesenchymal tissue) or endochondral ossification (formation of bone from a cartilage template). The other statements are true: woven bone is indeed a temporary precursor to lamellar bone, bone remodeling allows for calcium storage and release, and bone remodeling occurs along lines of stress, as described by Wolff’s law.Correct Answer Is:
D. osteogenesis begins after birthWhich of the following would be the result of sympathetic stimulation?
- Increase in the secretion of saliva and tears
- Increase in digestive activity
- Decrease in blood pressure
- Increase in heart rate
Explanation
Sympathetic stimulation prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses. One of its key effects is to increase heart rate (tachycardia) to pump more blood and oxygen to muscles and vital organs in preparation for physical exertion or stress. Sympathetic activation also typically raises blood pressure and inhibits non-essential functions such as digestion.
Which stage of a fever is similar to someone trying to increase core body temperature?
- falling
- plateau
- rising
Explanation
Explanation
During the rising stage of a fever, the body is actively trying to increase its core temperature. This is typically triggered by pyrogens (fever-inducing substances), which cause the hypothalamus to reset the body's thermostat to a higher temperature. As a result, the body initiates mechanisms like shivering and vasoconstriction to conserve heat and raise the temperature to the new set point.Correct Answer Is:
C. risingDuring the onset of a fever, metabolic rate will:
- not change
- decrease
- increase
Explanation
Explanation
During the onset of a fever, the body's metabolic rate increases. This is part of the body's response to infection or other stimuli that trigger the immune system. The elevated temperature helps enhance immune function and the production of white blood cells to fight off pathogens. An increased metabolic rate generates more heat, which raises the body temperature as part of the fever response.Correct Answer Is:
C. increaseAll of the following can increase the strength (amplitude) of a graded potential except:
- Spatial summation
- Presynaptic inhibition
- Temporal summation
- A starting membrane potential that is closer to zero than resting
Explanation
Presynaptic inhibition reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic neuron, which leads to a weaker postsynaptic response and a smaller graded potential. This decreases the strength of the signal rather than increasing it.
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