BIOL-203-604 2025 FA Anatomy and Physiology I at Howard Community College
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Free BIOL-203-604 2025 FA Anatomy and Physiology I at Howard Community College Questions
When body temperature is too high, blood vessels in the skin dilate to increase blood flow to the skin. This allows more heat to escape the body. This is an example of a/n:
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negative feedback mechanism
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myogenic response
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abnormal mechanism
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positive feedback mechanism
Explanation
Explanation
This is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. Negative feedback helps the body maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes. In this case, when body temperature rises, vasodilation occurs to release heat and bring the temperature back to normal. This response works to reverse the initial increase in temperature, which is characteristic of negative feedback. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies a change rather than reversing it.Correct Answer Is:
A. negative feedback mechanismThe division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the fight or flight response is the:
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sympathetic division
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parasympathetic division
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somatic division
Explanation
Explanation
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response. It prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, inhibiting digestion, and redirecting blood flow to muscles. This response helps the body react quickly to perceived threats. On the other hand, the parasympathetic division is involved in rest and digest functions, promoting relaxation and energy conservation. The somatic division controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, not autonomic functions.Correct Answer Is:
A. sympathetic divisionThe blind spot occurs where the ----------- is located in the eye.
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Sclera
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Macula lutea
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Optic disc
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Fovea
Explanation
The blind spot, also known as the scotoma, occurs at the optic disc in the retina. This is the point where the optic nerve exits the eye. There are no photoreceptors (rods or cones) at this location, so it cannot detect light, creating a gap in the visual field. Despite this, the brain fills in the missing information, so we do not normally notice the blind spot.
A motor unit is:
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an Imperial star destroyer
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a motor neuron and all of the muscle cells it innervates
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several muscles working together
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a striated muscle
Explanation
Explanation
A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers (cells) it innervates. When the motor neuron fires, it stimulates all the muscle fibers in its motor unit to contract. This is a fundamental concept in muscle physiology and helps explain how force generation is controlled by the nervous system. The other options are unrelated to the definition of a motor unit.Correct Answer Is:
B. a motor neuron and all of the muscle cells it innervatesThe function of luteinizing hormone in females is to:
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Trigger labor and birth to begin
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Stimulate uterine contractions
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Trigger ovulation and gonadal steroid production
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Stimulate lactation
Explanation
Explanation
Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. It triggers ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary, and also stimulates the production of gonadal steroids, such as estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are essential for regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy if fertilization occurs.Correct Answer Is:
C. Trigger ovulation and gonadal steroid productionA sensory neuron carries impulses from the skin of the hand to the spinal cord. This neuron can be classified as an:
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Interneuron
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Efferent neuron
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Afferent neuron
Explanation
An afferent neuron (also called a sensory neuron) carries sensory information from sensory receptors, such as those in the skin, to the central nervous system (CNS) for processing. In this case, the sensory neuron transmits impulses from the skin of the hand to the spinal cord.
All of the following are functions of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) except:
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Cushioning of the CNS
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Circulation of blood
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Nourishment of brain cells
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Transporting hormones and waste through CNS
Explanation
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serves several critical functions in the central nervous system (CNS), but it does not circulate blood. Blood circulation is the responsibility of the cardiovascular system, particularly the heart and blood vessels. CSF primarily provides cushioning for the brain and spinal cord, nourishes brain cells by supplying nutrients and removing waste products, and helps in the transport of hormones and waste through the CNS.
Which of the following is not a function of the endocrine system?
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Maintain homeostasis throughout the body
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The endocrine system does all of the things
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Regulate growth through childhood
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Coordinate the reproductive system
Explanation
Explanation
The endocrine system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, regulating growth, and coordinating the reproductive system, among other functions. However, option B ("The endocrine system does all of the things") is not a specific function of the endocrine system; it is just a general statement. The other options describe specific functions of the endocrine system:Correct Answer Is:
B. The endocrine system does all of the thingsA cluster of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a:
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Ganglion
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Nucleus
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Fasicle
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Tract
Explanation
A ganglion is a cluster of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system, in the peripheral nervous system. Ganglia are involved in transmitting signals between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.
Where on a neuron would you find ligand-gated ion channels?
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Dendrites only
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Dendrites and cell body
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Cell body only
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Axon only
Explanation
Ligand-gated ion channels are primarily located on the dendrites and the cell body of a neuron. These channels are involved in synaptic transmission, where neurotransmitters (ligands) bind to the channels, causing them to open and allowing ions to flow across the membrane. This is a key part of the process of generating postsynaptic potentials and initiating action potentials.
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