PN FL Fundamentals Funds quiz 1 Fall 2025 at Jersey College School of Nursing
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Free PN FL Fundamentals Funds quiz 1 Fall 2025 at Jersey College School of Nursing Questions
1. Student nurses are reviewing best practice methods to prevent the spread of infection. Which action should provide the highest level of protection based on evidence-based practice (EBP)?
- A. Use of sterile technique
- B. Hand hygiene
- C. Proper disposal of linens
- D. Private room assignment
Explanation
Hand hygiene is the most effective and evidence-based method for preventing the spread of infection in all healthcare settings. It removes transient microorganisms and prevents cross-contamination between patients, staff, and the environment. Whether performed with soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizer, consistent hand hygiene before and after patient contact is the cornerstone of infection control. While sterile technique, linen handling, and isolation practices are important, none are as universally effective as proper hand hygiene.
2. A client comments, "I cannot wait to get out of here." Which response should the nurse make that demonstrates the therapeutic communication technique of reflection?
- A. "I know what you mean."
- B. "You cannot wait to get out of here."
- C. "You do not like being here."
- D. "Your home is more comfortable than here."
Explanation
Reflection is a therapeutic communication technique where the nurse repeats or paraphrases what the patient has said to encourage further expression of thoughts and feelings. By responding, “You cannot wait to get out of here,” the nurse helps the patient elaborate on their emotions without judgment or interpretation. This promotes openness and understanding. The other options either express agreement, make assumptions, or shift focus away from the patient’s feelings.
3. The nursing student is discussing the first African American nurse in the United States who worked to improve acceptance for African Americans in nursing. This gives a description of which of the following women?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Dorothea Dix
- C. Clara Barton
- D. Mary Mahoney
Explanation
Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African American registered nurse in the United States, graduating in 1879. She was a trailblazer who advocated for racial equality in the nursing profession and worked to improve the acceptance and representation of African Americans in nursing. Mahoney also helped found the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN), which later merged with the American Nurses Association (ANA). The other women were influential but in different areas of nursing history.
4. The client states to their nurse, "I do not understand the risks of this procedure or exactly what will occur during the procedure." Which of the following statements would be most appropriate by the nurse?
- A. "I will educate you on this procedure."
- B. "Why don't you understand?"
- C. "I will need to inform your physician."
- D. "You can still have the procedure."
Explanation
It is the physician’s legal and ethical responsibility to provide information about a procedure, including its risks, benefits, and alternatives, and to obtain informed consent. If the patient expresses confusion or lack of understanding, the nurse must notify the physician so that the explanation can be clarified before proceeding. The nurse’s role is to advocate for the patient’s understanding, not to provide procedural education or proceed without informed consent.
5. Which of the following is an example of objective data?
- A. A client who states that she has a sharp pain in his left side
- B. A family member who reports their loved one seems more depressed than usual
- C. A client who is observed with pale, cool, moist skin
- D. A client who reports nausea
Explanation
Objective data are measurable or observable findings gathered through the nurse’s direct assessment. Observing a client with pale, cool, and moist skin provides factual, visible evidence that can be verified by others. In contrast, pain and nausea are subjective data because they are reported by the client, and feelings of depression described by a family member are secondhand observations, not measurable signs.
6. The nurse is instructing a student nurse about the best methods to use when teaching a visual learner. The nurse determines that further instruction is necessary when the student nurse states:
- A. "A visual learner learns best by reading."
- B. "A visual learner learns best by touching."
- C. "A visual learner learns best by seeing."
- D. "A visual learner learns best by watching."
Explanation
Visual learners retain information most effectively through seeing, such as reading, diagrams, videos, and demonstrations. They benefit from visual aids like charts, color coding, and written notes. The statement that a visual learner learns best by touching is incorrect because tactile or kinesthetic learners, not visual learners, learn best through hands-on experiences and physical activities. Therefore, option B indicates the need for further instruction.
7. The nursing instructor is educating a nursing student about nursing history. The nurse explains that throughout ancient history, nursing care was provided by family members and:
- A. Male priests
- B. Nurses
- C. Physicians
- D. Female priests
Explanation
In ancient history, male priests often assisted in providing nursing care along with family members. Healing was closely tied to religion, and priests were seen as both spiritual and physical caregivers, using rituals, herbal remedies, and basic health practices. The formal role of nurses as we know it today did not yet exist. Organized nursing care began to develop much later, particularly during the religious orders of the Middle Ages and was later professionalized by figures such as Florence Nightingale.
8. The nurse recognizes that a system of health care delivery aimed at managing the cost and quality of access to health care is known as:
- A. Medicaid
- B. Medicare
- C. Managed care
- D. Private insurance
Explanation
Managed care is a health care delivery system designed to control costs, improve quality, and ensure efficient use of services. It involves coordination among providers, insurers, and patients to avoid unnecessary treatments and promote preventive care. Examples include Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs). In contrast, Medicare and Medicaid are government-funded programs, and private insurance generally lacks the same structured cost-control mechanisms found in managed care systems.
9. A nurse witnesses a coworker taking a medication ordered for a patient. The nurse's first course of action is to:
- A. Ask the other nurses on the unit what they would do
- B. Offer to care for the nurse's patients until the medication is no longer effective
- C. Tell the coworker that the incident will be reported the next time it happens
- D. Report the incident to the nurse supervisor
Explanation
When a nurse observes drug diversion—a coworker taking medication intended for a patient—the appropriate and ethical first action is to report the incident immediately to the nurse supervisor. This ensures patient safety and initiates proper investigation in accordance with facility policy. Confronting the coworker or discussing the issue with others violates confidentiality and may delay intervention. The supervisor is responsible for following established procedures to handle the situation appropriately and protect both the patients and staff.
10. A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient. The nurse has violated the Nurse Practice Act, which is enforced by the:
- A. National League for Nursing
- B. County Health Department
- C. State Department of Health
- D. State Board of Nursing
Explanation
The State Board of Nursing (BON) is the governing body that enforces the Nurse Practice Act in each state. It oversees nurse licensure, defines professional standards, and investigates violations such as medication errors or unsafe practices. Disciplinary actions, including suspension or revocation of a nursing license, fall under its authority. The National League for Nursing focuses on education, while health departments address public and community health—not professional nursing regulation.
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