ATI Ped Unit 1 Assessment Fall

The correct answer is C. Addressing parental concerns.

Developmental surveillance is a process in which the nurse observes and tracks the child's developmental progress over time, while also considering the family’s perspective. It includes identifying potential developmental delays, and addressing concerns that may arise. It involves:

Addressing parental concerns: This is an essential part of developmental surveillance. Parents may notice changes or issues related to their child's development, and the nurse can provide support, guidance, and resources to help the family.

Why the other options are wrong:

A. Measuring the child's head circumference: While important in tracking growth and development, measuring the child's head circumference is typically part of a physical assessment and not specifically part of developmental surveillance.

B. Administering vaccinations: Vaccinations are a part of preventive care, not developmental surveillance. They are typically addressed in routine well-child visits but are not directly related to assessing development.

D. Performing a physical assessment: A physical assessment evaluates the child's overall health and is not specifically focused on tracking developmental milestones, although it can help in identifying signs of developmental issues.

Summary:

The component of developmental surveillance that best fits the process is addressing parental concerns, as it directly involves communication with the family and considers their observations and worries about the child’s development. This enables the nurse to provide relevant guidance, reassurance, and intervention if necessary.

Correct Answer: Stands on one foot for a few seconds

At the age of 3 years, children typically exhibit the following developmental milestones:

Standing on one foot for a few seconds: At this age, children may be able to stand on one foot for a short period (1-3 seconds). This shows early signs of balance and coordination, which are developing at this stage.

Other developmental milestones that a 3-year-old might exhibit include:

Running and climbing stairs with alternating feet.

Kicking a ball forward.

Building a tower with 6-8 blocks.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:

Has a vocabulary of 1,500 words:

 At 3 years old, a child’s vocabulary typically consists of about 900-1,000 words. A vocabulary of 1,500 words would be more expected at 4 years old, as language development continues to expand at a rapid rate around that age.

Skips and hops on one foot:

 While a 3-year-old may begin to develop balance and coordination, skipping and hopping on one foot are generally milestones that occur at 4-5 years old. At 3 years, children are more likely to engage in running and jumping but skipping and hopping typically emerge later.

Walks backwards heel to toe:

Walking backwards in a heel-to-toe manner is more advanced and typically occurs around 5 years old. At 3 years, a child may begin to show the ability to walk backward, but it is not yet done with the precision of a heel-to-toe motion.

Summary:

For a 3-year-old, the expected developmental milestone would be the ability to stand on one foot for a few seconds. Other developmental milestones such as a vocabulary of 1,500 words, skipping, or walking backward heel-to-toe are typically achieved later, around ages 4 to 5 years.

The correct answer for a typical vision screening distance for children is D. 20 feet.

20 feet is the standard distance used for conducting vision screenings, particularly with the Snellen chart for children and adults. This distance is used to assess how well a person can see distant letters or symbols on the chart. While some adaptations may be made for young children or specific populations, 20 feet is the usual guideline

Why the other options are wrong:

A. 5 feet: This is too close for a typical vision screening and doesn't allow for proper distance testing.

B. 10 feet: This is sometimes used for near-vision tests or for younger children who may struggle with the full 20-foot distance, but the standard is still 20 feet.

C. 15 feet: This is not a standard distance used for vision testing; 20 feet is the norm for distance vision.

Summary:

The typical distance for conducting a standard vision screening is 20 feet, which is the distance used to assess distance visual acuity in both children and adults.​​​​​​​

Correct Answer B. Building a trusting relationship

During the Building a trusting relationship phase, the nurse aims to establish trust and comfort with the child. Using the child's favorite toys can be a helpful technique to engage the child, reduce anxiety, and foster a sense of security. This approach helps the child feel more at ease and allows the nurse to connect with them on a personal level, which is essential in building a trusting relationship.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Introduction: This phase involves introducing oneself and explaining the purpose of the care. While rapport building may begin, using toys specifically is more fitting in the later stage of building trust.

C. Decision-making phase: In this phase, the nurse works with the child and family to make decisions about care. The focus here is on information sharing and decision making, not primarily on rapport-building techniques like using toys.

D. Providing comfort and reassurance: While toys may provide comfort, this phase generally involves offering emotional support, explaining procedures, and providing reassurance. The primary goal here is comfort, not necessarily building rapport through toys.

Summary:

Using a child's favorite toys is most effective during the Building a trusting relationship phase, as it helps the nurse establish trust, alleviate anxiety, and create a positive connection with the child.

True.

Suicide is indeed the third leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other health organizations, suicide ranks behind unintentional injuries (such as car accidents) and homicide in this age group.

Adolescent suicide is a critical public health issue. Risk factors for suicide in this age group can include mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use, as well as stressful life events, bullying, and challenges with identity and relationships. Preventative measures include mental health support, early intervention, strong family and community support systems, and promoting open discussions around mental health.

Summary:

The statement is true, as suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 to 19, highlighting the importance of mental health awareness and support for young people.

Correct Answers:

a.) When was the last time Cindy was sick, hospitalized, or had surgery?

b.) What medications are you giving Cindy at this time?

c.) Have you noticed any unusual food sensitivities or reactions to foods?

Explanation

a.) When was the last time Cindy was sick, hospitalized, or had surgery?

It is important to assess recent medical history for any illnesses, hospitalizations, or surgeries, as this can impact the child’s current health and development. This is especially relevant for understanding the child’s growth patterns and any potential concerns that could affect nutrition or overall health.

b.) What medications are you giving Cindy at this time?

Knowing the medications Cindy is currently taking is important for assessing her overall health, potential interactions, and how they might be affecting her growth or development. This is a standard question for a nursing assessment.

c.) Have you noticed any unusual food sensitivities or reactions to foods?

Since Mrs. Williams expressed concern about Cindy’s nutrition and weight, asking about food sensitivities or reactions is important. It could indicate potential allergies, intolerances, or other digestive issues that might affect her growth and nutritional intake.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

d.) Is Cindy keeping her diaper dry during naptime?

While diaper wetness can be an indicator of hydration, this question is not as relevant to Cindy’s nutrition and weight concerns. It could be more useful to ask about urine output throughout the day, which gives a better overall picture of hydration status.

e.) How many ounces of skim milk is Cindy drinking?

At 1 year of age, most toddlers are typically transitioning from breast milk or formula to whole milk, not skim milk. Offering skim milk at this stage is not recommended due to its low fat content, which is essential for growth and development in young children. Therefore, this question is not appropriate for a 1-year-old child.

Summary:

In this situation, it is most appropriate to ask questions regarding Cindy’s recent health history (sickness, hospitalizations), current medications, and any food sensitivities or reactions to help assess potential concerns impacting her nutrition and development. The other questions, such as about diaper dryness and the use of skim milk, are not as relevant or appropriate for this age group

Correct Answer:

a.) Both children wear a diaper only at bedtime but stay dry during naps.

d.) Both children should have regular bowel movements.

e.) Both children are able to pull pants up and down on their own.

Explanation

a.) Both children wear a diaper only at bedtime but stay dry during naps.

Staying dry during naps is an indicator that a child’s bladder control is developing and they may be ready for potty training. It shows that the child can hold their bladder for a certain period, which is essential for successful potty training.

d.) Both children should have regular bowel movements.

Regular bowel movements are important for potty training readiness because the child will need to recognize and respond to the urge to go. Children who have regular bowel movements can learn to recognize their body's signals and make the connection between the feeling of needing to go and using the toilet.

e.) Both children are able to pull pants up and down on their own.

Being able to pull pants up and down independently is a key physical skill necessary for potty training. It shows that the child has developed enough coordination and motor skills to manage their clothing during the potty process.

Incorrect Answers

b.) Boys are able to stand while voiding.

While some boys may eventually be able to stand while voiding, this is not a requirement for potty training readiness. Potty training readiness depends more on the child’s ability to control bladder and bowel functions, recognize when they need to go, and follow directions. Whether a child stands or sits during voiding is a matter of preference and developmental timing, not readiness.

c.) Girls should consistently wipe back to front after voiding.

 This statement is incorrect because girls should wipe front to back, not back to front. Wiping back to front increases the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by introducing bacteria from the rectal area into the urethra. The correct wiping technique should be front to back to promote hygiene and prevent infection.

Summary:

Correct answers (a, d, e) reflect essential developmental milestones that suggest a child is ready for potty training, such as bladder control, regular bowel movements, and the ability to manage clothing.

Incorrect answers (b, c) misrepresent gender-specific potty training behaviors and hygiene practices. Wiping should be done front to back, and standing while voiding is not a developmental prerequisite for potty training

The correct answer is C. Motor vehicle accidents.

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death among children, particularly in the age range of 1-19 years. According to data from organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle accidents, are the number-one cause of mortality in children. These accidents can involve the child as a pedestrian, cyclist, or passenger, and factors like car seat usage, driver behavior, and vehicle safety standards all contribute to the outcomes.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong:

A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): While HIV does affect children, especially in parts of the world with limited access to antiretroviral treatment, it is not the leading cause of mortality in children. Mortality rates from HIV have significantly decreased in countries with robust healthcare systems due to medical advances, making it much less of a concern compared to other causes like accidents.

B. Congenital anomalies: Congenital anomalies (birth defects) are a leading cause of infant mortality, particularly in the first year of life. However, motor vehicle accidents account for more deaths in children beyond infancy and into early childhood, making congenital anomalies a significant but not the top cause overall.

D. Low birth weight: Low birth weight is a risk factor for a variety of health problems, including higher rates of infant mortality. However, it is not the leading cause of mortality in children overall. Mortality due to low birth weight primarily affects newborns and infants, while motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause across a broader age range of children.

Summary:

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in children, particularly from ages 1 to 19. Other causes such as congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and HIV are important contributors but do not surpass accidents in terms of overall mortality rates. Therefore, C. Motor vehicle accidents is the correct answer to the question about the number-one cause of mortality among children.

The correct answer is: Participates in associative play

Associative play is typical for preschoolers (ages 3-5 years). During this stage, children begin to engage in more interactive play with others. While they may not fully cooperate or organize play with peers, they are more likely to play side-by-side and share materials or ideas. This is different from parallel play (more typical of toddlers), where children play near each other but do not interact much.

Other Options:

Follows one-step directions: This task is more appropriate for a toddler (around 2-3 years old), not a preschooler. Preschoolers are typically able to follow multi-step instructions, not just one-step directions.

Enjoys looking at and recognizing self in the mirror: This behavior is more typical of a toddler in the early developmental stages, around 18-24 months, when children start to recognize themselves in the mirror and develop a sense of self.

Builds a collection of cards: This is more likely a behavior seen in older preschoolers or early school-age children (around 5-7 years old), who begin to develop interests in collecting and categorizing items.

Conclusion:

The task of participating in associative play is a developmental milestone that aligns with the typical behaviors of preschool-aged children.