HESI Pediatric and Women's Health
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Free HESI Pediatric and Women's Health Questions
A 7-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. In obtaining a health history from the child's mother, the recent occurrence of which illness is most significant?
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Sore throat
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Chickenpox
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Influenza
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Mumps
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Sore throat
A recent streptococcal throat infection (Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus) is the most significant precursor to acute rheumatic fever. This autoimmune response develops 2–6 weeks after untreated or inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks heart, joint, skin, and brain tissues, leading to complications like rheumatic carditis. Prompt identification and antibiotic treatment of strep infections are vital for prevention.
A child is being prepared for a computed tomography (CT) scan when the child begins to have a tonic-clonic seizure. The mother is hysterical and is trying to hold the child down. Which action(s) should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
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Administer an anticonvulsant medication
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Place pillows inside the side rails
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Monitor the child's airway and tongue
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Ask the mother to release the child
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Close the blinds to darken the room
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
B. Place pillows inside the side rails
C. Monitor the child's airway and tongue
D. Ask the mother to release the child
B. Place pillows inside the side rails
Padding the side rails or placing pillows provides protection from injury during seizure activity. The child’s uncontrolled movements can cause head or limb trauma, so maintaining a safe environment is an essential nursing intervention during seizures.
C. Monitor the child's airway and tongue
Airway maintenance is the top priority during a seizure. The nurse must monitor for airway obstruction due to the tongue falling back or excessive secretions. Suction and oxygen should be available, but nothing should be placed in the child’s mouth during the seizure.
D. Ask the mother to release the child
Holding the child during a seizure increases the risk of injury to both the child and the caregiver. The nurse should calmly instruct the mother to release the child and ensure the child is safe by clearing the area and positioning them on their side after convulsions stop.
The nurse is caring for a child with a unilateral long-leg cast applied for the correction of club foot. Which action is most important for the nurse to perform?
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Palpate femoral pulses
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Compare temperature of both legs
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Examine for spontaneous movement
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Monitor capillary refill of the toes
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Monitor capillary refill of the toes
After cast application, neurovascular assessment is the nurse’s top priority to detect early signs of circulatory impairment or compartment syndrome. Monitoring capillary refill of the toes provides a quick and reliable measure of distal perfusion. Prolonged refill time (>3 seconds), coolness, or discoloration indicates compromised circulation requiring immediate intervention to prevent permanent tissue damage or loss of limb function.
Upon completion of a 14-day antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis in an infant, the nurse prepares the family for discharge. Which information should the nurse include?
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Have the antibiotic trough level drawn within 3 days
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Continue strict monitoring of daily wet diapers for 1 week
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Administer antipyretic medication on a continuous basis
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Monitor the infant for response to auditory stimuli
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Monitor the infant for response to auditory stimuli
Bacterial meningitis can cause sensorineural hearing loss, one of the most common long-term complications of the disease. After discharge, parents should observe the infant’s response to sounds such as voices, toys, or household noises and report any lack of reaction. A formal hearing evaluation is typically scheduled after recovery to assess for potential auditory damage. The other options are unnecessary unless specific complications arise.
The nurse is evaluating a child with acute glomerulonephritis who presents at the clinic with increased fatigue, facial swelling, and decreased appetite. The child’s urine sample is dark yellow. What additional finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
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Blood pressure 88/50 mmHg
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Weight loss
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Maculopapular rash over the trunk of the body
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Positive rapid strep test of the oropharynx
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Positive rapid strep test of the oropharynx.
Detailed Explanation:
A positive rapid strep test indicates an active group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) infection, which can worsen or prolong acute glomerulonephritis. This finding should be promptly reported because antibiotic therapy may be needed to eliminate the infection and prevent further renal damage. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis often follows a recent strep infection, so an active infection requires immediate medical management to avoid complications such as hypertension or kidney failure.
The parents of a newborn with hypospadias are anxious about the timing of the surgical correction. What information should the nurse share with them?
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Surgery should be performed within one month to prevent bladder infections.
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Postponing the repair until the child reaches school age can alleviate fears of castration
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The repair should be completed before the child is toilet-trained.
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The urethral repair should be carried out after the child reaches sexual maturity.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. The repair should be completed before the child is toilet-trained.
Detailed Explanation:
Surgical correction for hypospadias—a congenital defect in which the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis—is typically performed between 6 and 18 months of age, before the child is toilet-trained. Early repair allows for normal urination, proper penile appearance, and reduces psychological distress later in life. Completing the surgery before toilet training helps the child develop healthy voiding habits and prevents complications such as urinary spraying or infection.
The nurse is caring for a school-age child with crusting and swollen eyelids, purulent drainage, and inflamed conjunctiva.
The child receives a prescription for an ophthalmic anti-infective ointment.
What instruction should the nurse provide the child’s caregivers during discharge education?
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Use a disposable moist wipe to remove eye crusts.
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Prepare the child for blurry vision after ointment application.
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Remove secretions by wiping toward the opposite eye
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Discontinue the ointment once drainage resolves.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Prepare the child for blurry vision after ointment application.
Detailed Explanation:
Ophthalmic antibiotic ointments temporarily blur vision because of their thick consistency. Caregivers should be informed so they can apply the medication at bedtime or during rest periods to minimize discomfort. The nurse should also teach them to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure infection resolution and prevent recurrence. Proper hygiene, including handwashing before and after application, is essential to prevent reinfection or spread.
Preconception counseling is being given by the nurse. In order to assist avoid anencephaly, which supplement should the nurse suggest?
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Calcium
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Folic acid
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Vitamin D
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Iron
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Folic acid
Folic acid supplementation before conception and during early pregnancy is essential to prevent neural tube defects, including anencephaly and spina bifida. Neural tube closure occurs within the first 4 weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman realizes she is pregnant. Taking at least 400 mcg (0.4 mg) of folic acid daily supports proper fetal neural development and significantly reduces the risk of these congenital anomalies.
A heroin addict client who recently found out she was pregnant is talking to a nurse. "I just started taking methadone," the client says. What more can I do to ensure the health of my unborn child? What details ought to be given by the nurse?
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Describe genetic testing protocols
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Start a prenatal care plan as soon as possible
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Sign up for group therapy sessions
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Discontinue the methadone right away
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Start a prenatal care plan as soon as possible
The nurse should encourage the client to begin comprehensive prenatal care immediately. Methadone maintenance is the safest option for opioid-dependent pregnant women and should not be stopped abruptly, as withdrawal can harm both mother and fetus. Early prenatal care ensures close monitoring of maternal health, fetal growth, and methadone dosage, helping prevent complications such as preterm labor, low birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presents with an HbA1c of 11% (97 mmol/mol), thirst, and blurred vision.
What action should the nurse take first?
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Obtain point-of-care glucose.
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Assess urine for ketones.
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Check blood pressure
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Review prior insulin prescriptions.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Obtain point-of-care glucose.
Detailed Explanation:
The first action for a nurse caring for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes and symptoms of hyperglycemia (thirst, blurred vision, and high HbA1c) is to obtain a point-of-care blood glucose level. This provides immediate data on the client’s current glucose status and guides urgent interventions. Elevated glucose could indicate poor glycemic control or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), both requiring rapid assessment and treatment to prevent life-threatening complications.
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