HESI Pediatric and Women's Health
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Free HESI Pediatric and Women's Health Questions
The nurse is caring for a child with a unilateral long-leg cast applied for the correction of club foot. Which action is most important for the nurse to perform?
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Palpate femoral pulses
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Compare temperature of both legs
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Examine for spontaneous movement
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Monitor capillary refill of the toes
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Monitor capillary refill of the toes
After cast application, neurovascular assessment is the nurse’s top priority to detect early signs of circulatory impairment or compartment syndrome. Monitoring capillary refill of the toes provides a quick and reliable measure of distal perfusion. Prolonged refill time (>3 seconds), coolness, or discoloration indicates compromised circulation requiring immediate intervention to prevent permanent tissue damage or loss of limb function.
A six-year-old girl is being admitted to the hospital for repair of an umbilical hernia. Which information, collected by the admitting nurse, is particularly helpful in planning care for this child?
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List of achievement timeline for developmental milestones.
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Mother’s use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes during pregnancy.
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Reactions to any previous hospitalizations.
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A history of rubella, rubeola, or chicken pox.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Reactions to any previous hospitalizations.
Detailed Explanation:
Understanding the child’s reactions to any previous hospitalizations helps the nurse anticipate fears, anxiety, or behavioral responses to surgery and hospitalization. At age six, children have vivid imaginations and may associate hospitals with pain or separation. Knowing past coping behaviors allows the nurse to tailor care—using play therapy, parental presence, or simple explanations—to reduce fear and promote cooperation. This individualized approach supports emotional security and a smoother perioperative experience.
Patient Data
History and Physical
The client is a 4-month-old female with a history of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Client had
fundoplication surgery and will be hospitalized for several days of recovery.
Nurses' Notes
0730
Admitted the infant from the postanesthesia care unit. She is crying. Has a small gauze dressing in place on her surgical site. The dressing is clean and dry. The infant is pink and well-perfused. Breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally.
Orders
0730
· Admit to pediatric surgical floor
. NPO
. Dextrose 5% with sodium chloride 0.45% continuous IV infusion at 25 mL/hour
The nurse is reviewing the assessment data.
Which are the 3 most likely reasons that the infant is crying?
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Separation anxiety
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Hypoxia
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Hemorrhage
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Hypovolemia
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Opioid withdrawal
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Hunger
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Pain
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
F. Hunger
G. Pain
A. Separation anxiety
F. Hunger
The infant is NPO following surgery, meaning no oral feedings are allowed. At 4 months, feeding is both a nutritional and soothing activity. Crying due to hunger is common, as infants have frequent feeding needs and associate feeding with comfort and security, especially when suddenly restricted postoperatively.
G. Pain
Postoperative pain after a fundoplication is expected and a major cause of crying in an infant. The incision site and internal discomfort contribute to restlessness, irritability, and crying. Pain assessment in infants relies on behavioral cues like crying, facial grimacing, and body movements, all of which warrant prompt evaluation and analgesia.
A. Separation anxiety
At 4 months old, infants begin to recognize familiar caregivers. Being separated from parents or exposed to unfamiliar surroundings can trigger distress and crying. While true separation anxiety peaks later in infancy, environmental changes and unfamiliar stimuli at this stage can still provoke anxiety and crying.
An 8-year-old girl with precocious sexual development is being treated medically with injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) to regulate the pituitary gland. Which statement by the parents indicates that they understand the treatment?
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We should encourage her to dress in clothing that suits her sexual maturity level
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Our daughter will be on this hormone treatment the rest of her life
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We should be sure to start our daughter on birth control pills.
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Sexual maturity differences between my daughter and her peers will disappear within a few years
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Sexual maturity differences between my daughter and her peers will disappear within a few years.
Treatment with LHRH (GnRH agonist) suppresses the premature release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, effectively halting early puberty. This allows the child’s growth and sexual development to align more closely with peers over time. Once treatment is discontinued at the appropriate age, puberty resumes normally. The goal is to prevent early closure of growth plates, support emotional adjustment, and restore age-appropriate physical development.
Which beverage selection on a hot day shows the nurse that a teenager with sickle cell anemia is aware of the disease's nutritional requirements?
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Milkshake
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Lemonade
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Ice tea
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Diet cola
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Lemonade
Adequate hydration is essential for individuals with sickle cell anemia to prevent sickling crises caused by dehydration. Lemonade provides fluid without the caffeine found in iced tea or cola, which can promote dehydration through diuretic effects. Milkshakes, though hydrating, are high in fat and may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in the heat. Lemonade is the best choice because it maintains hydration, supports circulation, and helps reduce the likelihood of vaso-occlusive episodes.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent with scoliosis who is recovering after a surgical spinal instrumentation. Which technique should the nurse use when moving the client?
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Flex the knees.
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Raise the hips.
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Cross the arms and legs.
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Perform a log roll.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Perform a log roll.
Detailed Explanation:
After spinal instrumentation surgery, the log-roll technique is essential to maintain spinal alignment and prevent stress or movement at the surgical site. This method involves turning the client as a single unit, keeping the head, shoulders, hips, and legs aligned. The nurse should coordinate movement with another staff member to ensure smooth, simultaneous turning. Using this technique minimizes strain on the spine and reduces the risk of injury or disruption of the surgical correction.
An adolescent client reports to the nurse of walking with a limp due to pain localized in the right knee which worsens at night but denies any recent injury or trauma.
The nurse observes swelling and tenderness in the right lower thigh, and imaging results reveal radial ossification in the soft tissues.
What condition should the nurse consider as the probable cause of the findings?
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Osteosarcoma
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Hemosiderosis
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Growing pains
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Rhabdomyolysis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Osteosarcoma.
Detailed Explanation:
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents, typically arising during periods of rapid growth. It often affects the metaphysis of long bones, particularly the distal femur near the knee. The hallmark signs include localized pain (often worse at night), swelling, and limited movement, without a history of trauma. X-rays frequently show radial or sunburst-like ossification and periosteal elevation (Codman’s triangle), classic indicators of osteosarcoma. Early recognition and referral for oncology evaluation are crucial for limb-sparing treatment and improved survival.
An adolescent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is admitted to the hospital after 14 days of taking levofloxacin 500 mg PO daily and metronidazole 500 mg IV piggy back (IVBP) twice daily (BID). She asks the nurse, "Why do I have to be in the hospital? Why can't I get my treatment at home?" Which purpose should the nurse provide that supports an effective outcome?
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Collection of serial anaerobic cultures of vaginal discharge.
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Detection of early symptoms of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
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Administration of a supervised parenteral antibiotic protocol.
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Implementation of contact precautions to prevent spread of infection.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Administration of a supervised parenteral antibiotic protocol
Hospitalization ensures close monitoring and intravenous administration of antibiotics when oral therapy fails or symptoms persist. Pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to serious complications such as infertility, abscess formation, or sepsis if not aggressively treated. Inpatient care allows clinicians to assess treatment response, manage pain, monitor vital signs, and adjust antibiotics based on culture results for effective recovery and prevention of long-term reproductive damage.
A client at 28-weeks gestation whose hemoglobin level is 10.7 g/dL (107 g/L) and hematocrit is 32% (0.32 volume fraction), tells
the nurse that she eats plenty of green vegetables. When the client asks the nurse how the low level value might affect her
pregnancy, which information should the nurse provide?
Reference range:
Hemoglobin 12 to 16 g/dl (120 to 160 g/L): pregnant greater than 11 g/dl (110 g/L)
Hematocrit 37% to 47% (0.37 to 0.47 volume fraction): pregnant greater than 33% (0.33 volume fraction)
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It might be necessary to take an iron supplement twice daily
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Plasma volume increases, making the blood count appear low.
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Increasing intake of protein might improve these values.
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Almost all women at 28-weeks gestation have anemia.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Plasma volume increases, making the blood count appear low
During pregnancy, plasma volume expands more than red blood cell mass, causing hemodilution known as physiologic anemia of pregnancy. This leads to slightly lower hemoglobin and hematocrit values, which are normal and not harmful when mild. The client’s levels (Hgb 10.7 g/dL, Hct 32%) reflect this physiologic change. Iron supplementation may still be prescribed, but this finding primarily results from normal plasma volume expansion, not true iron-deficiency anemia.
A 9-week-old infant is scheduled for a cleft lip repair. What information is most important for the nurse to convey to the surgeon before transporting the infant to the surgical suite?
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Urine specific gravity is 1.011
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White blood cell count of 10,000/mm³
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Weight gain of 2 pounds (0.91 kg) since birth
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Red blood cell count of 2.3 x 10²/L
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Red blood cell count of 2.3 x 10²/L.
Detailed Explanation:
A red blood cell (RBC) count of 2.3 x 10²/L (or 2.3 million/mm³) is critically low, indicating significant anemia. This is a major concern before surgery, as anemia increases the risk of hypoxia and delayed healing due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. The surgeon must be notified immediately, as the procedure may need to be postponed until the infant’s hematologic status is corrected. Preoperative optimization of oxygenation and tissue perfusion is essential for safe anesthesia and recovery.
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