HESI Pediatric and Women's Health
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Free HESI Pediatric and Women's Health Questions
The nurse is caring for an adolescent with scoliosis who is recovering after a surgical spinal instrumentation. Which technique should the nurse use when moving the client?
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Flex the knees.
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Raise the hips.
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Cross the arms and legs.
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Perform a log roll.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Perform a log roll.
Detailed Explanation:
After spinal instrumentation surgery, the log-roll technique is essential to maintain spinal alignment and prevent stress or movement at the surgical site. This method involves turning the client as a single unit, keeping the head, shoulders, hips, and legs aligned. The nurse should coordinate movement with another staff member to ensure smooth, simultaneous turning. Using this technique minimizes strain on the spine and reduces the risk of injury or disruption of the surgical correction.
A preschool-aged child who is experiencing respiratory distress is brought to the emergency department by the parents. The child is anxious, has a temperature of 102.8°F (39.3°C), and is drooling from the mouth while leaning forward when sitting. Which action should the nurse implement next?
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Begin prescribed intravenous antibiotic administration
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Provide a nebulizer treatment with bronchodilators
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Schedule the child for a STAT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck
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Obtain bedside trays for intubation or tracheotomy by the healthcare provider
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Obtain bedside trays for intubation or tracheotomy by the healthcare provider
The child’s presentation—high fever, drooling, anxiety, and leaning forward (tripod position)—is classic for acute epiglottitis, a life-threatening upper airway obstruction caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The priority action is to ensure airway readiness by having intubation or tracheotomy equipment immediately available. The nurse must avoid examining the throat or agitating the child, as this can trigger complete airway obstruction.
A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is brought to the clinic. The mother reports that her child is irritable, refuses to eat, and has skin peeling on both hands and feet. Which intervention should the nurse instruct the mother to implement first?
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Apply lotion to hands and feet.
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Encourage the parents to rest when possible.
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Make a list of foods that the child likes.
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Place the child in a quiet environment.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Place the child in a quiet environment.
Irritability is a hallmark symptom of Kawasaki disease, often persisting for weeks after onset. The child’s restlessness and discomfort are worsened by noise and overstimulation. Placing the child in a quiet, calm environment minimizes stress, conserves energy, and helps promote comfort and recovery. Once the child is settled, other supportive measures—such as applying lotion to peeling skin or encouraging nutrition—can be addressed. However, reducing irritability and ensuring rest take priority to support healing and prevent further exhaustion
The nurse is preparing to administer oxytocin IV to a client after the delivery of her infant. What result should the nurse anticipate when administering oxytocin?
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Expulsion of the placenta.
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Return of the uterus to prepregnancy size.
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Stimulation of uterine contractions.
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Activation of the let down reflex.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Stimulation of uterine contractions
After delivery, oxytocin is administered to stimulate uterine contractions, which help compress uterine blood vessels and reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. These contractions also aid in the expulsion of the placenta and promote uterine involution over time. While oxytocin can also promote milk ejection (let-down reflex) when released naturally during breastfeeding, the primary purpose of IV administration after birth is to ensure firm uterine tone and control bleeding.
An adolescent client reports to the nurse of walking with a limp due to pain localized in the right knee which worsens at night but denies any recent injury or trauma.
The nurse observes swelling and tenderness in the right lower thigh, and imaging results reveal radial ossification in the soft tissues.
What condition should the nurse consider as the probable cause of the findings?
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Osteosarcoma
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Hemosiderosis
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Growing pains
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Rhabdomyolysis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Osteosarcoma.
Detailed Explanation:
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents, typically arising during periods of rapid growth. It often affects the metaphysis of long bones, particularly the distal femur near the knee. The hallmark signs include localized pain (often worse at night), swelling, and limited movement, without a history of trauma. X-rays frequently show radial or sunburst-like ossification and periosteal elevation (Codman’s triangle), classic indicators of osteosarcoma. Early recognition and referral for oncology evaluation are crucial for limb-sparing treatment and improved survival.
The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which response requires further evaluation by the nurse?
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Demonstrates startle reflex
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Plays “peek-a-boo”
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Has doubled birth weight
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Turns head to locate sound
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Demonstrates startle reflex.
Detailed Explanation:
The startle (Moro) reflex is a primitive reflex that normally disappears by 4 months of age as the infant’s nervous system matures. Persistence of this reflex at 6 months suggests possible neurologic immaturity or damage, warranting further evaluation. The nurse should report this finding for additional assessment of developmental and neurologic status to rule out conditions affecting brain or spinal cord function.
An adolescent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is admitted to the hospital after 14 days of taking levofloxacin 500 mg PO daily and metronidazole 500 mg IV piggy back (IVBP) twice daily (BID). She asks the nurse, "Why do I have to be in the hospital? Why can't I get my treatment at home?" Which purpose should the nurse provide that supports an effective outcome?
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Collection of serial anaerobic cultures of vaginal discharge.
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Detection of early symptoms of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
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Administration of a supervised parenteral antibiotic protocol.
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Implementation of contact precautions to prevent spread of infection.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Administration of a supervised parenteral antibiotic protocol
Hospitalization ensures close monitoring and intravenous administration of antibiotics when oral therapy fails or symptoms persist. Pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to serious complications such as infertility, abscess formation, or sepsis if not aggressively treated. Inpatient care allows clinicians to assess treatment response, manage pain, monitor vital signs, and adjust antibiotics based on culture results for effective recovery and prevention of long-term reproductive damage.
The nurse observes a mother administering ferrous sulfate (iron drops) to her 11-month-old child, followed by 2 ounces (60 mL) of orange juice.
What should be the nurse’s subsequent action?
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Advise the mother to follow the iron drops with infant formula instead of orange juice.
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Commend the mother on her method of administering the medication.
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Propose mixing the iron drops in the orange juice before feeding the infant.
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Direct the mother to refrain from feeding the infant for 30 minutes after giving the iron drops.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Commend the mother on her method of administering the medication.
Detailed Explanation:
The nurse should commend the mother because administering iron drops with orange juice is an appropriate and effective method. The vitamin C in orange juice enhances iron absorption, improving therapeutic outcomes and preventing iron deficiency anemia. Giving the iron first, followed by orange juice, also helps reduce the metallic taste. The nurse should further remind the mother to clean the infant’s teeth or gums afterward to prevent potential staining.
A child is being prepared for a computed tomography (CT) scan when the child begins to have a tonic-clonic seizure. The mother is hysterical and is trying to hold the child down. Which action(s) should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
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Administer an anticonvulsant medication
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Place pillows inside the side rails
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Monitor the child's airway and tongue
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Ask the mother to release the child
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Close the blinds to darken the room
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
B. Place pillows inside the side rails
C. Monitor the child's airway and tongue
D. Ask the mother to release the child
B. Place pillows inside the side rails
Padding the side rails or placing pillows provides protection from injury during seizure activity. The child’s uncontrolled movements can cause head or limb trauma, so maintaining a safe environment is an essential nursing intervention during seizures.
C. Monitor the child's airway and tongue
Airway maintenance is the top priority during a seizure. The nurse must monitor for airway obstruction due to the tongue falling back or excessive secretions. Suction and oxygen should be available, but nothing should be placed in the child’s mouth during the seizure.
D. Ask the mother to release the child
Holding the child during a seizure increases the risk of injury to both the child and the caregiver. The nurse should calmly instruct the mother to release the child and ensure the child is safe by clearing the area and positioning them on their side after convulsions stop.
A 7-year-old child has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. When taking a health history from the child’s mother, which recent illness is of most significance?
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Chickenpox
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Mumps
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Sore throat.
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Influenza
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Sore throat.
Detailed Explanation:
A recent sore throat is the most significant finding because acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a complication of an untreated or inadequately treated Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. The infection triggers an autoimmune response in which antibodies attack heart tissue, joints, skin, and the nervous system. Recognizing this link helps prevent recurrence through proper antibiotic prophylaxis. Early diagnosis and treatment of strep throat are essential in preventing rheumatic heart disease, the most serious long-term consequence.
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