HESI Pediatric and Women's Health
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Free HESI Pediatric and Women's Health Questions
Which beverage selection on a hot day shows the nurse that a teenager with sickle cell anemia is aware of the disease's nutritional requirements?
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Milkshake
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Lemonade
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Ice tea
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Diet cola
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Lemonade
Adequate hydration is essential for individuals with sickle cell anemia to prevent sickling crises caused by dehydration. Lemonade provides fluid without the caffeine found in iced tea or cola, which can promote dehydration through diuretic effects. Milkshakes, though hydrating, are high in fat and may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in the heat. Lemonade is the best choice because it maintains hydration, supports circulation, and helps reduce the likelihood of vaso-occlusive episodes.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presents with an HbA1c of 11% (97 mmol/mol), thirst, and blurred vision.
What action should the nurse take first?
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Obtain point-of-care glucose.
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Assess urine for ketones.
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Check blood pressure
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Review prior insulin prescriptions.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Obtain point-of-care glucose.
Detailed Explanation:
The first action for a nurse caring for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes and symptoms of hyperglycemia (thirst, blurred vision, and high HbA1c) is to obtain a point-of-care blood glucose level. This provides immediate data on the client’s current glucose status and guides urgent interventions. Elevated glucose could indicate poor glycemic control or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), both requiring rapid assessment and treatment to prevent life-threatening complications.
When developing a teaching plan for an adolescent male who was recently diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, the nurse should instruct the client to consume a source of sugar if which symptom occurs?
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Seeing spots
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Profuse perspiration
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Racing pulse
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Excessive thirst
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Profuse perspiration.
Detailed Explanation:
Profuse perspiration is a classic early sign of hypoglycemia, a condition in which blood glucose levels fall below normal (usually under 70 mg/dL). Other common symptoms include shakiness, hunger, irritability, and confusion. The nurse should teach the adolescent to immediately consume a quick-acting source of sugar such as fruit juice, glucose tablets, or regular soda to prevent progression to severe hypoglycemia, which can result in seizures or loss of consciousness.
The shift report for four neonates with congenital heart problems is sent to the pediatric unit nurse. Which neonate's report calls for the fastest possible intervention?
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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with hypercyanotic (TET) spells is crying
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Coarctation of aorta has an elevated blood pressure in upper extremity
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Patent ductus arteriosus is fatigued after feedings
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Ventricular septal defect (VSD) has audible murmurs
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with hypercyanotic (TET) spells is crying
A hypercyanotic or “TET” spell in an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot is a medical emergency. Crying increases oxygen demand and worsens right-to-left shunting, leading to severe hypoxia and cyanosis. Immediate interventions include placing the infant in a knee-chest position, providing oxygen, and administering morphine as prescribed to reduce pulmonary resistance and calm the infant, improving oxygenation.
A child is being prepared for a computed tomography (CT) scan when the child begins to have a tonic-clonic seizure. The mother is hysterical and is trying to hold the child down. Which action(s) should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
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Administer an anticonvulsant medication
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Place pillows inside the side rails
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Monitor the child's airway and tongue
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Ask the mother to release the child
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Close the blinds to darken the room
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
B. Place pillows inside the side rails
C. Monitor the child's airway and tongue
D. Ask the mother to release the child
B. Place pillows inside the side rails
Padding the side rails or placing pillows provides protection from injury during seizure activity. The child’s uncontrolled movements can cause head or limb trauma, so maintaining a safe environment is an essential nursing intervention during seizures.
C. Monitor the child's airway and tongue
Airway maintenance is the top priority during a seizure. The nurse must monitor for airway obstruction due to the tongue falling back or excessive secretions. Suction and oxygen should be available, but nothing should be placed in the child’s mouth during the seizure.
D. Ask the mother to release the child
Holding the child during a seizure increases the risk of injury to both the child and the caregiver. The nurse should calmly instruct the mother to release the child and ensure the child is safe by clearing the area and positioning them on their side after convulsions stop.
A prescription for amoxicillin 25 mg/kg/day is given orally to a 16-pound child in divided doses every 12 hours. "Amoxicillin for Oral Suspension, USP 200 mg per 5 mL" is the label on the bottle. With each dose, how many milliliters should the nurse give? Only enter numerical values. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
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1.1 mL
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2.3 mL
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3.0 mL
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4.5 mL
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. 2.3 mL
Step 1: Convert pounds to kilograms: 16 lb ÷ 2.2 = 7.27 kg.
Step 2: Calculate total daily dose: 25 mg × 7.27 kg = 181.75 mg/day.
Step 3: Divide by 2 (every 12 hours): 181.75 ÷ 2 = 90.9 mg per dose.
Step 4: The concentration is 200 mg per 5 mL = 40 mg/mL.
Step 5: 90.9 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL = 2.3 mL per dose.
The nurse is assessing an infant with aortic stenosis and identifies bilateral fine crackles in both lung fields. What additional finding should the nurse expect to observe?
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Hypotension and tachycardia
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Vigorous feeding and satiation
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Fever
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Hemiplegia
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Hypotension and tachycardia
Detailed Explanation:
Aortic stenosis causes obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually left-sided heart failure. The presence of bilateral fine crackles indicates pulmonary congestion from increased left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure. As cardiac output falls, the infant develops hypotension due to poor systemic perfusion and tachycardia as a compensatory mechanism to maintain circulation.
The nurse is assessing the lung sounds of a preschooler. Which action should the nurse implement to ensure the child’s cooperation?
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Place a toy in the child’s hands while listening to the breath sounds.
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Allow the child to use a stethoscope on a stuffed animal.
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Offer the child bubbles before the stethoscope is placed.
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Have the child blow a cotton ball and have the parent catch it.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Allow the child to use a stethoscope on a stuffed animal.
Detailed Explanation:
Allowing the preschooler to use a stethoscope on a stuffed animal builds trust and reduces fear before the assessment. This age group learns best through play and imitation, so letting the child “practice” on a toy increases comfort and cooperation when it’s their turn. This playful approach helps the nurse gain the child’s participation while easing anxiety about unfamiliar medical equipment and procedures.
The nurse is giving instructions to the mother of a 10-year-old boy who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). When attempting to teach the mother how to administer subcutaneous insulin injections to the child, the mother tells the nurse that she is afraid of needles and cannot perform the procedure. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
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Determine if the child can administer the insulin
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Ask if the father can help with the injections
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Encourage the mother to handle the needles
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Assess the mother's parenting skills
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Ask if the father can help with the injections
If the primary caregiver is unable to perform a necessary task due to fear, the nurse should first identify another capable family member to safely administer the child’s medication. Involving the father ensures continuity of care while respecting the mother’s fear. Later, the nurse can gradually help desensitize the mother to needles through education and support, but immediate safety and medication adherence take priority.
The nurse is giving an intramuscular injection of an antibiotic to a 16-month-old toddler with pneumonia. The toddler does not have any known allergies and has been walking without assistance for one month. Which technique should the nurse select for administration?
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Divide the gluteal area into quarters and give IM into the upper outer quadrant
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Administer the injection into the middle of the lateral aspect of the thigh.
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Use a needle length of 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) to avoid deep tissue damage.
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Give in the arm, one to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.0 cm) below the acromion process.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Administer the injection into the middle of the lateral aspect of the thigh.
Detailed Explanation:
For a 16-month-old toddler, the preferred site for an intramuscular (IM) injection is the vastus lateralis muscle, located in the middle of the lateral thigh. This muscle is well-developed and provides a large, safe area for IM injections, minimizing the risk of injury to nerves or blood vessels. The deltoid and gluteal sites are not yet appropriate due to smaller muscle mass and potential sciatic nerve injury. A 1-inch needle is typically used for this age group to ensure proper depth.
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