HESI Pediatric and Women's Health
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Free HESI Pediatric and Women's Health Questions
A six-year-old girl is being admitted to the hospital for repair of an umbilical hernia. Which information, collected by the admitting nurse, is particularly helpful in planning care for this child?
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List of achievement timeline for developmental milestones.
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Mother’s use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes during pregnancy.
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Reactions to any previous hospitalizations.
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A history of rubella, rubeola, or chicken pox.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Reactions to any previous hospitalizations.
Detailed Explanation:
Understanding the child’s reactions to any previous hospitalizations helps the nurse anticipate fears, anxiety, or behavioral responses to surgery and hospitalization. At age six, children have vivid imaginations and may associate hospitals with pain or separation. Knowing past coping behaviors allows the nurse to tailor care—using play therapy, parental presence, or simple explanations—to reduce fear and promote cooperation. This individualized approach supports emotional security and a smoother perioperative experience.
As he watches his newborn being admitted to the nursery, a father observes that eye ointment has been applied to the baby's eyes. He queries the nurse about the ointment's function. Which of the nurse's answers better explains why the ointment is being administered?
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"The ointment will prevent a herpes infection."
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"The ointment will dilate the pupil so the red reflex can be visualized."
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"The ointment will clear the infant's vision."
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"The ointment will prevent eye infections."
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. "The ointment will prevent eye infections."
Newborns receive erythromycin ophthalmic ointment after birth to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, an eye infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during vaginal delivery. The prophylactic ointment protects against blindness and severe eye damage. While it may temporarily blur the infant’s vision, its purpose is infection prevention, not vision enhancement or pupil dilation.
A child who weighs 25 kg receives a prescription for isoniazid 10 mg/kg/day by mouth once a day. The bottle is labeled “Isoniazid Oral Solution, USP 50 mg per 5 mL.” How many mL should the nurse administer? (Enter numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
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10 mL
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15 mL
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20 mL
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25 mL
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. 25 mL
To determine the correct dose, multiply the child’s weight by the prescribed amount per kilogram:
25 kg × 10 mg/kg = 250 mg required.
The medication contains 50 mg per 5 mL, or 10 mg per 1 mL.
250 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 25 mL.
The nurse should administer 25 mL of the oral solution once daily.
A 10-year-old boy has been seen frequently by the school nurse over the past three weeks after school begins in the fall. He reports headaches, stomach aches, and difficulty sleeping. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
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Compare the child’s vital signs over the past three weeks
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Counsel the parents to pay more attention to the child.
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Ask the boy to describe a typical day at school.
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Conduct a complete neurological assessment.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Ask the boy to describe a typical day at school.
The nurse should first explore the child’s experience at school to assess for psychosomatic or stress-related causes of his complaints. Headaches, abdominal pain, and sleep disturbances in school-age children often indicate anxiety about school, such as bullying, academic pressure, or separation issues. Asking the child to describe a typical school day encourages open communication and helps the nurse identify emotional stressors contributing to the symptoms. Once psychosocial factors are evaluated, the nurse can determine if further medical assessment is necessary.
The nurse is assessing the growth and development of a 3-year-old child.
Which speech and language skills should the nurse identify as normal developmental milestones for this child?
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Recognizes most letters and numbers.
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Uses 1-word sentences.
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Speaks in simple sentences with four or more words.
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Uses gestures with 1 to 2-word sentences.
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Uses gestures with 1 to 2-word sentences.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Speaks in simple sentences with four or more words.
Detailed Explanation:
By age 3, a child’s language skills typically include the ability to form simple sentences of four or more words. They can carry on brief conversations, use pronouns correctly, and be understood by unfamiliar listeners most of the time. This reflects developing cognitive and social abilities as the child learns to express needs and ideas verbally. These milestones also demonstrate normal progression in receptive and expressive language development for a preschool-aged child.
The nurse is monitoring a child with hydrocephalus who received a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt yesterday. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the shunt is functioning normally?
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The child has grown in height since the previous shunt placement
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The child reports no evidence of continuous headaches
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An intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring probe is in place
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The child is afebrile with normal vital signs postoperatively
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. The child reports no evidence of continuous headaches
Detailed Explanation:
The main goal of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is to divert excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity, relieving intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by hydrocephalus. The absence of persistent headaches, irritability, vomiting, or lethargy indicates that the shunt is functioning properly and ICP is well controlled.
A client who is 37 weeks gestation comes to the women's health clinic reporting an excruciating headache. On examination, the nurse determines the client has an elevated blood pressure. Which action should the nurse implement next?
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Collect a urine sample to screen for protein
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Ask about a history of delivering large babies
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Establish the frequency of headaches
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Examine the client for pedal edema
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Collect a urine sample to screen for protein
At 37 weeks’ gestation, a severe headache accompanied by elevated blood pressure is a warning sign of preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The next immediate action is to assess for proteinuria, which confirms renal involvement and helps determine the severity of the condition. Early detection is critical to prevent progression to eclampsia or maternal and fetal complications such as seizures, placental abruption, or preterm delivery.
A client who is in labor states, "I think my water just broke!" The nurse notes that the umbilical cord is on the perineum. Which action should the nurse perform first?
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Administer oxygen via face mask
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Place the client in Trendelenburg
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Notify the operating room team
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Administer a fluid bolus of 500 mL
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Place the client in Trendelenburg
The visible umbilical cord indicates a prolapsed umbilical cord, a medical emergency that compromises fetal oxygenation due to cord compression. The nurse’s immediate priority is to relieve pressure on the cord by placing the client in a Trendelenburg or knee-chest position, allowing gravity to shift the fetus off the cord. After positioning, the nurse should manually lift the presenting part if needed, administer oxygen, and prepare for an emergency cesarean delivery.
A laboring client's fluctuating deceleration is noted by the nurse on the fetal monitor. What should be the nurse's initial move?
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Turn off the oxytocin infusion.
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Assess cervical dilatation
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Change the client's position.
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Administer oxygen via facemask.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Change the client's position
Variable decelerations are usually caused by umbilical cord compression, which temporarily decreases blood flow to the fetus. The first action is to reposition the client—such as turning to the side, knee-chest, or Trendelenburg position—to relieve pressure on the cord and restore oxygenation. If decelerations persist, the nurse may then stop oxytocin, administer oxygen, and notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation or intervention.
The nurse is evaluating a child with acute glomerulonephritis who presents at the clinic with increased fatigue, facial swelling, and decreased appetite. The child’s urine sample is dark yellow. What additional finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
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Blood pressure 88/50 mmHg
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Weight loss
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Maculopapular rash over the trunk of the body
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Positive rapid strep test of the oropharynx
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Positive rapid strep test of the oropharynx.
Detailed Explanation:
A positive rapid strep test indicates an active group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) infection, which can worsen or prolong acute glomerulonephritis. This finding should be promptly reported because antibiotic therapy may be needed to eliminate the infection and prevent further renal damage. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis often follows a recent strep infection, so an active infection requires immediate medical management to avoid complications such as hypertension or kidney failure.
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