PSYC C1000 Intro to Psychology
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Free PSYC C1000 Intro to Psychology Questions
You are out with your friend, and they dropped a $20 bill. You pick it up, and you wish to keep it. However, a voice inside your head tells you that it is wrong to keep the money and that you should return the bill immediately. According to Freud, this voice is __________.
- The ego
- The id
- The superego
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) The superego
The superego represents the moral and ethical component of personality in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. It develops as individuals internalize the moral standards, rules, and values taught by parents and society. The superego acts as an internal judge that evaluates thoughts and actions, encouraging behavior that is socially acceptable and discouraging actions that are considered wrong or unethical.
In this situation, the voice telling you that keeping the money is wrong reflects the influence of the superego. It pushes the individual to follow moral principles and behave responsibly, even when another part of the personality—such as the id—might desire immediate gratification. The superego therefore helps guide behavior according to conscience and ideals rather than pure self-interest.
According to the Strange Situation paradigm, a child with a secure attachment style is best characterized by __________.
- The ability to self-soothe when the caretaker returns after an absence
- A fearlessness when it comes to meeting new strangers in the presence and absence of their caretaker
- A lack of concern/fear when they are separated from their caretaker
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) The ability to self-soothe when the caretaker returns after an absence
The Strange Situation paradigm, developed by Mary Ainsworth, is used to assess the attachment style between infants and their caregivers. Children with secure attachment typically become upset when their caregiver leaves the room, showing that they value the caregiver’s presence and feel distressed by separation. However, when the caregiver returns, securely attached children are able to seek comfort from the caregiver and calm down relatively quickly.
This ability to be comforted and return to emotional stability demonstrates that the child trusts the caregiver as a reliable source of safety and support. Securely attached children use their caregiver as a “secure base,” meaning they feel confident exploring their environment because they know they can rely on the caregiver when they need comfort or protection.
Jacob disobeyed his parents’ rules. Jacob’s parents reacted by asking what they can do to help him behave better next time, but they will not punish him. This is a __________ parenting style.
- Authoritative
- Permissive
- Rejecting-neglecting
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Permissive
Permissive parenting is characterized by warmth and acceptance toward the child but very little enforcement of rules or discipline. Parents using this style tend to avoid punishment and instead allow children a high level of freedom in making their own decisions. They often focus on maintaining a friendly relationship with the child rather than setting firm limits or expectations.
In this situation, Jacob’s parents choose not to punish him after he breaks a rule and instead focus on discussing the behavior and helping him do better next time. While they are supportive and caring, they are not enforcing clear consequences for the rule-breaking behavior. This approach reflects the permissive parenting style, which emphasizes nurturing and communication but provides limited structure or discipline.
Mauricio, a 30-year-old LACC student, recently received a failing grade on an important exam. To cope with the disappointment, Mauricio began spending more time playing video games, a favorite childhood pastime; throwing tantrums at home; and pouting around the house.
- Regression
- Displacement
- Repression
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Regression
Regression is a defense mechanism in which an individual responds to stress or anxiety by reverting to behaviors that are characteristic of an earlier stage of development. When people feel overwhelmed or emotionally distressed, they may unconsciously return to behaviors that were comforting or familiar during childhood. These behaviors can include activities, emotional reactions, or coping patterns that are typically associated with a younger developmental stage.
In this scenario, Mauricio responds to the disappointment of failing an exam by engaging in behaviors that resemble those of a child, such as playing video games as a childhood pastime, throwing tantrums, and pouting. Instead of addressing the situation in a mature way, he retreats to earlier, less mature behaviors as a way to cope with emotional stress. This pattern clearly illustrates the defense mechanism known as regression.
If you want to do a random assignment correctly, __________________.
- Everyone in your population should have an equal chance of being selected into your study
- Everyone should be randomly assigned to participate in your study
- Everyone in your sample should have an equal chance of being put into the control or experimental group
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Everyone in your sample should have an equal chance of being put into the control or experimental group
Random assignment is the process of placing participants from the sample into different experimental conditions in such a way that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group. This method helps ensure that the groups are similar at the beginning of the experiment, which reduces the influence of confounding variables and increases the internal validity of the study.
By randomly assigning participants to groups, researchers can be more confident that any differences observed between the groups are due to the independent variable rather than preexisting differences among participants. Random assignment is a key feature of experimental research because it strengthens the ability to make cause-and-effect conclusions about the relationship being studied.
Marisol is often described as scatterbrained. She frequently misses her bus or forgets to bring her notes to class. According to the Big-5, Marisol likely scores __________.
- High in neuroticism
- Low in agreeableness
- Low in conscientiousness
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Low in conscientiousness
Conscientiousness is one of the five major personality traits in the Big Five personality model. It reflects a person's level of organization, responsibility, reliability, and ability to plan and follow through with tasks. Individuals who score high in conscientiousness tend to be organized, dependable, careful, and good at managing responsibilities. They usually plan ahead, keep track of obligations, and follow rules.
In contrast, individuals who score low in conscientiousness are often described as disorganized, careless, forgetful, or unreliable. They may struggle with planning, time management, and completing tasks consistently. Since Marisol frequently forgets important items and misses her bus, these behaviors suggest difficulty with organization and responsibility, which indicates a low level of conscientiousness in the Big Five personality framework.
Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?
- The autonomic nervous system
- The spinal cord
- The parasympathetic nervous system
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) The spinal cord
The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. These structures act as the main control center for processing and integrating information from the body.
The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves that extend outside the brain and spinal cord and connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. It includes both the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary body functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system that helps the body relax and conserve energy. Since the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system rather than the peripheral nervous system, it is the correct answer.
Skye, a therapist, is seeing Dale, a client who repeatedly demonstrates aggressive behaviors. Dale comes from a long line of aggressive, violent men. Skye attributes Dale’s aggressiveness to his genetics. Skye’s assessment of Dale’s personality is best represented by which theory of personality?
- Biological theory of personality
- Humanistic theory of personality
- Behavioral theory of personality
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Biological theory of personality
The biological theory of personality emphasizes that personality traits and behaviors are strongly influenced by genetic and physiological factors. According to this perspective, characteristics such as temperament, emotional responses, and certain behavioral tendencies can be inherited. Researchers who support this theory often study genetics, brain structure, hormones, and evolutionary influences to understand how these biological factors shape personality.
In this scenario, Skye attributes Dale’s aggressive behavior to his genetics and the fact that aggression appears repeatedly in his family history. This explanation focuses on inherited biological traits rather than environmental learning or personal growth. Because the reasoning centers on genetic influence and biological inheritance, it aligns most closely with the biological theory of personality.
Action potential begins when the neuron reaches −55 mV. This is known as ______.
- The neuron's resting state
- The all-or-nothing principle
- The neuron's peak action potential
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) The all-or-nothing principle
The all-or-nothing principle describes how neurons respond to stimulation when generating an action potential. A neuron must reach a specific threshold level of electrical charge, typically around −55 millivolts, in order to trigger an action potential. If the stimulus is strong enough to reach this threshold, the neuron fires completely and the electrical signal travels down the axon.
If the stimulus does not reach this threshold, the neuron will not fire at all. There is no partial firing of an action potential. Once the threshold is reached, the neuron produces a full electrical impulse that propagates along the neuron. The strength of the stimulus does not change the size of the action potential; instead, stronger stimuli increase the frequency of firing. This is why the process is described as “all-or-nothing,” meaning the neuron either fires fully or not at all once the threshold is reached.
Mauricio, a 30-year-old LACC student, recently received a failing grade on an important exam. To cope with the disappointment, Mauricio began spending more time playing video games, a favorite childhood pastime; throwing tantrums at home; and pouting around the house.
Based on the information presented above, which of the following defense mechanisms is illustrated by Mauricio?
- Regression
- Displacement
- Repression
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Regression
Regression is a defense mechanism in which an individual responds to stress or anxiety by reverting to behaviors that are characteristic of an earlier stage of development. When people feel overwhelmed or emotionally distressed, they may unconsciously return to behaviors that were comforting or familiar during childhood. These behaviors can include activities, emotional reactions, or coping patterns that are typically associated with a younger developmental stage.
In this scenario, Mauricio responds to the disappointment of failing an exam by engaging in behaviors that resemble those of a child, such as playing video games as a childhood pastime, throwing tantrums, and pouting. Instead of addressing the situation in a mature way, he retreats to earlier, less mature behaviors as a way to cope with emotional stress. This pattern clearly illustrates the defense mechanism known as regression.
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