Nur Medical Surg 203 ECPI UNIVERSITY
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Free Nur Medical Surg 203 ECPI UNIVERSITY Questions
The nurse carefully assesses a patient who has hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). Which sign or symptom is most likely NOT to be associated?
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Polycystic
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Polyphagia
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Polydipsia
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Polyuria
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Polycystic
Detailed Explanation:
Polycystic is not a symptom of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). HHS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality without significant ketoacidosis. Typical manifestations include polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and sometimes polyphagia (increased hunger). These result from osmotic diuresis and the body’s attempt to restore fluid balance. “Polycystic” refers to cyst formation, such as in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and is unrelated to HHS.
A client with diabetes asks why exercise is important. The best nurse response is:
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"Exercise increases blood sugar levels."
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"Exercise can help lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity."
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"You should avoid exercise if you have diabetes."
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"Exercise has no impact on diabetes control."
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. "Exercise can help lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity."
Detailed Explanation:
Exercise plays a vital role in diabetes management because it helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into muscle cells and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Regular physical activity also improves circulation, aids in weight control, reduces cardiovascular risk, and enhances overall well-being. Patients with diabetes should be encouraged to exercise consistently while monitoring their blood sugar levels to prevent hypoglycemia, especially when using insulin or oral hypoglycemics.
The patient has a large accumulation of fluid in his abdominal cavity. The nurse surmises that this patient has a diagnosis of:
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Peritonitis
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Pancreatitis
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Cirrhosis
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Diverticulitis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Cirrhosis
Detailed Explanation:
A large accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is known as ascites, which commonly occurs as a complication of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia, both of which cause fluid to leak from the hepatic blood vessels into the peritoneal cavity. This fluid buildup results in visible abdominal distention, discomfort, and potential respiratory compromise. Management typically includes sodium restriction, diuretics, and sometimes paracentesis to remove excess fluid.
Insulin is most rapidly absorbed into the:
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Abdomen
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Legs
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Arms
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Buttocks
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Abdomen
Detailed Explanation:
The abdomen provides the fastest and most consistent absorption site for insulin due to its rich blood supply and thinner subcutaneous tissue compared to other areas. This makes it the preferred injection site, especially for rapid-acting or short-acting insulin. Rotation of injection sites within the same region is recommended to prevent lipodystrophy and maintain consistent absorption rates. In contrast, insulin injected into the thighs, arms, or buttocks absorbs more slowly.
A 50-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and wants to start a healthy lifestyle to control her disease. What initial recommendation should you make?
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Develop an exercise schedule
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Engage in brisk walking.
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Lose 10 to 15 pounds.
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Maintain adequate glucose control.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Engage in brisk walking.
Detailed Explanation:
For a newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes, the initial recommendation should be to begin engaging in regular physical activity, such as brisk walking. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity, enhances glucose uptake by muscle cells, helps lower blood sugar, and supports gradual weight loss. Starting with walking is safe, sustainable, and achievable for most adults. Over time, combining exercise with a balanced diet and glucose monitoring strengthens long-term diabetes management.
A patient is diagnosed with the type of diabetes in which the plasma beta cells fail to respond to insulin. Which type of diabetes is this patient experiencing?
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Gestational diabetes
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Impaired glucose intolerance
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Detailed Explanation:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance, meaning the body’s cells fail to respond properly to insulin produced by pancreatic beta cells. Over time, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin, but eventually, beta cells become exhausted, and insulin production decreases. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetics, and it is managed through diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, and sometimes insulin therapy.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client is confused, flushed, and has an acetone odor on his breath. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following types of insulin to treat the client?
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Glargine
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Regular
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NPH
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Detemir
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Regular
Detailed Explanation:
The patient’s symptoms—confusion, flushed skin, and an acetone (fruity) odor on the breath—are classic signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening complication of severe insulin deficiency. The treatment for DKA requires rapid-acting intravenous insulin, and Regular insulin is the only insulin type approved for IV administration. It quickly lowers blood glucose and stops ketone production by facilitating glucose uptake into cells. Long-acting insulins like glargine, detemir, or NPH are not used for acute DKA management.
Immediately following a liver biopsy, the client becomes dyspneic, the pulse increases to 100, and no breath sounds can be heard on the affected side. What should the nurse suspect?
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Pleural effusion
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Hemorrhage of the liver
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Pneumothorax
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Peritonitis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Pneumothorax
Detailed Explanation:
A pneumothorax can occur as a complication of a liver biopsy when the needle inadvertently punctures the pleura or lung tissue. The sudden onset of dyspnea, tachycardia, and absence of breath sounds on the affected side indicates air has entered the pleural space, collapsing the lung. This is a medical emergency requiring prompt assessment, notification of the healthcare provider, and preparation for possible chest tube insertion to re-expand the lung and restore ventilation.
It has been determined that a client with hepatitis has contracted the infection from contaminated food. Which type of hepatitis is this client most likely experiencing?
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Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis A
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Hepatitis D
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Hepatitis B
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Hepatitis A
Detailed Explanation:
Hepatitis A is most commonly transmitted through the fecal–oral route, often from ingesting food or water contaminated with the virus. Outbreaks are typically linked to poor sanitation or improper hand hygiene during food preparation. Unlike hepatitis B and C, which are spread through blood and body fluids, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease and usually resolves on its own. Preventive measures include proper handwashing, safe food handling, and vaccination against the hepatitis A virus.
Which of the following is an appropriate post-operative nursing intervention following a cholecystectomy?
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Place the patient in a supine position.
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Encourage early ambulation once pain is well-controlled.
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Allow the patient to eat fast food brought in by their family.
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Assist the physician in obtaining signed consent for the surgery.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Encourage early ambulation once pain is well-controlled.
Detailed Explanation:
After a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), early ambulation is encouraged to promote lung expansion, stimulate bowel motility, and prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and postoperative ileus. Once the patient’s pain is under control and vital signs are stable, walking short distances helps facilitate recovery and improves overall circulation.
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