ExCPT Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam CPhT PSI
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Free ExCPT Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam CPhT PSI Questions
A pharmacy technician should recognize that which of the following medications has the same therapeutic indication as behind-the-counter pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
- Ranitidine (Zantac)
- Famotidine (Pepcid)
- Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
- Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Pseudoephedrine is a nasal decongestant used to relieve symptoms of nasal congestion caused by conditions such as the common cold, sinus infections, or allergies. It works by causing vasoconstriction in the blood vessels of the nasal passages, which reduces swelling and improves airflow.
Oxymetazoline is also a decongestant medication that works through a similar mechanism by constricting blood vessels in the nasal tissues. However, oxymetazoline is typically administered as a nasal spray rather than an oral medication. Because both medications relieve nasal congestion, they share the same therapeutic indication.
A patient receives cefdinir (Omnicef) 250 mg/5 mL and is to receive 125 mg tid for 10 days. How many mg of cefdinir (Omnicef) will the patient receive daily?
- 375 mg
- 750 mg
- 500 mg
- 625 mg
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) 375 mg
The prescription indicates that the patient should receive 125 mg of cefdinir three times per day (tid). To determine the total daily dose, multiply the dose per administration by the number of doses per day. In this case, 125 mg × 3 doses per day equals 375 mg per day.
The concentration of the suspension (250 mg per 5 mL) is used to determine the volume administered but does not change the total milligrams prescribed per dose. Therefore, the patient receives a total of 375 mg of cefdinir each day throughout the treatment period.
The selling price of an over-the-counter medication is $40 and the cost of goods sold is $30. Which of the following is the percentage of the markup?
- 10%
- 25%
- 33%
- 41%
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) 33%
Markup is calculated by determining the difference between the selling price and the cost of goods sold, then dividing that difference by the cost. In this case, the selling price is $40 and the cost is $30. The markup amount is $10 ($40 − $30).
To find the markup percentage, divide the markup by the cost: $10 ÷ $30 = 0.333. Converting this value to a percentage results in approximately 33%. Markup calculations are important in pharmacy retail operations because they help determine pricing strategies and ensure that the pharmacy covers its costs while maintaining profitability.
Which of the following medications is used to treat motion sickness?
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
- Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
- Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine commonly used to prevent and treat motion sickness. It works by affecting the vestibular system in the inner ear and blocking signals that trigger nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion.
It is widely used for travel-related symptoms such as seasickness or car sickness. Loratadine is an antihistamine used for allergies, guaifenesin is an expectorant used for chest congestion, and oxymetazoline is a nasal decongestant used to relieve nasal congestion.
Which of the following medications should be avoided for patients who are younger than 19 years old?
- Aspirin (Bayer)
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Ibuprofen (Motrin)
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Aspirin (Bayer)
Aspirin is contraindicated in children and teenagers under 19 years old, especially those who have or are recovering from viral infections, such as the flu or chickenpox. This is due to the increased risk of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition that can lead to liver failure and encephalopathy (brain swelling).
Reye’s syndrome is most commonly seen in children treated with aspirin during viral illnesses. For this reason, aspirin should be avoided in younger populations, and alternatives such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen are typically recommended for fever and pain relief in children.
Which of the following is the purpose of barcoding technology?
- Identifies the location of a patient’s room
- Matches a medication order to the correct patient
- Identifies supplies needed to restock a patient’s room
- Matches a provider to the correct operating room
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Matches a medication order to the correct patient
Barcoding technology is widely used in healthcare to improve medication safety and reduce medication errors. When medications are dispensed or administered, barcode scanning systems verify that the correct medication is being given to the correct patient at the correct time and dose.
The patient’s wristband barcode and the medication barcode are scanned to confirm a match with the electronic medication order. This process supports the “five rights” of medication administration: right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, and right time. By verifying this information electronically, barcoding significantly decreases the risk of administering the wrong medication or giving medication to the wrong patient.
A pharmacy technician should recommend that a patient dispose of a used medication syringe using which of the following methods?
- Recap the syringe and place it in the garbage can.
- Flush the syringe down the toilet.
- Place the syringe in a plastic bag and return it to the pharmacy for disposal.
- Discard the syringe in a puncture-proof container.
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Discard the syringe in a puncture-proof container.
Used syringes and needles are considered sharps and must be disposed of safely to prevent needle-stick injuries and the spread of infectious diseases. The recommended disposal method is placing the used syringe immediately into a puncture-resistant sharps container.
These containers are designed to safely contain sharp medical waste and prevent accidental injury to patients, family members, sanitation workers, and healthcare professionals. Many communities provide designated sharps disposal containers or programs for safe disposal. Recapping needles, flushing syringes, or placing them in regular garbage bags is unsafe and increases the risk of accidental needle-stick injuries and contamination.
A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning it dissolves in water and is not stored in large amounts in body tissues. Water-soluble vitamins circulate in the bloodstream and excess amounts are excreted through urine.
Because the body does not store large quantities, these vitamins must be consumed regularly through diet or supplements. In contrast, vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fatty tissues and the liver and can accumulate in the body over time.
A patient is requesting refills every month from the pharmacy before their insurance will cover the refill. A pharmacy technician should identify this as which of the following patient medication adherence issues?
- Overutilization
- Poor compliance
- Change in dose
- Vacation travel
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Overutilization
Overutilization occurs when a patient attempts to refill or use medication more frequently than prescribed or earlier than insurance guidelines allow. Insurance plans typically set refill limits based on the expected duration of the medication supply, such as a 30-day supply that cannot be refilled until a certain percentage of the medication should have been used.
When a patient repeatedly requests early refills before insurance coverage allows it, it may indicate that the medication is being used faster than prescribed. This situation can signal potential misuse, incorrect dosing, medication loss, or misunderstanding of directions, and should be brought to the pharmacist’s attention for further evaluation.
Which of the following requirements must be met by durable medical equipment in order to be processed through a patient's Medicare Part B coverage?
- Must withstand repeated use
- Must be obtained through a provider's office
- Must be used in a health care facility
- Must need to be used every other day
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Must withstand repeated use
Durable medical equipment (DME) is defined under Medicare Part B as medical equipment that can withstand repeated use and is primarily used for a medical purpose.
Examples of DME include wheelchairs, walkers, oxygen equipment, hospital beds, and blood glucose monitors. For equipment to qualify for Medicare coverage, it must be durable, medically necessary, appropriate for use in the home, and prescribed by a healthcare provider.
The requirement that the equipment withstand repeated use distinguishes DME from disposable medical supplies. This durability ensures that the equipment can provide ongoing medical support for patients who require long-term treatment or assistance with daily health needs.
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