ExCPT Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam CPhT PSI
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Free ExCPT Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam CPhT PSI Questions
A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following is an over-the-counter medication?
- Guaifenesin with dextromethorphan (Mucinex DM)
- Guaifenesin with codeine (Robitussin AC)
- Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)
- Promethazine (Phenergan)
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Guaifenesin with dextromethorphan (Mucinex DM)
Mucinex DM is an over-the-counter medication commonly used to relieve cough and chest congestion. It contains two active ingredients: guaifenesin, which acts as an expectorant to loosen mucus in the airways, and dextromethorphan, which is a cough suppressant that reduces the urge to cough.
Both of these ingredients are available in nonprescription formulations for consumer use. In contrast, medications containing codeine are controlled substances and require a prescription. Benzonatate and promethazine are also prescription-only medications that must be prescribed by a licensed healthcare provider before they can be dispensed.
A pharmacy technician should recognize that which of the following preparations must be sterile?
- Otic suspension
- Rectal suppositories
- Vaginal tablets
- Ophthalmic ointments
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Ophthalmic ointments
Ophthalmic ointments are intended for use in the eye, and as such, they must be sterile to prevent eye infections or irritation. Since the eye is a sensitive and vulnerable organ, it is crucial that any medication applied to it is free of harmful microorganisms. Sterility is required in ophthalmic ointments and other eye preparations to ensure patient safety.
A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following processes can reduce cross-contamination of medications?
- Cleaning the pill-counting trays before each use
- Counting medication out in multiples of five
- Rinsing out dispensing vials prior to each use
- Scheduling one pharmacy technician to fill medication at a time
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Cleaning the pill-counting trays before each use
Cleaning pill-counting trays between medications is an important procedure used to prevent cross-contamination in the pharmacy. Residue from previously counted tablets or capsules can remain on the tray or spatula, which could contaminate the next medication being counted. This is particularly important when handling medications that may cause allergic reactions or serious health risks if mixed with another drug.
Pharmacy technicians typically clean the tray and spatula using alcohol wipes or approved cleaning solutions before counting a different medication. Maintaining clean counting equipment helps ensure medication purity, patient safety, and proper dispensing practices.
Prescriptions for NSAIDs require a pharmacy technician to provide the patient with which of the following?
- Original manufacturer packaging
- Prescription monograph
- Medication Guide
- Manufacturer product insert
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Medication Guide
Certain medications, including many NSAIDs, are required by the FDA to be dispensed with a Medication Guide. This document provides patients with important safety information, including risks, warnings, and instructions for safe use.
Medication Guides help ensure patients understand potential side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding or cardiovascular risks associated with NSAID use.
A patient receives cefdinir (Omnicef) 250 mg/5 mL and is to receive 125 mg tid for 10 days. How many mg of cefdinir (Omnicef) will the patient receive daily?
- 375 mg
- 750 mg
- 500 mg
- 625 mg
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) 375 mg
The prescription indicates that the patient should receive 125 mg of cefdinir three times per day (tid). To determine the total daily dose, multiply the dose per administration by the number of doses per day. In this case, 125 mg × 3 doses per day equals 375 mg per day.
The concentration of the suspension (250 mg per 5 mL) is used to determine the volume administered but does not change the total milligrams prescribed per dose. Therefore, the patient receives a total of 375 mg of cefdinir each day throughout the treatment period.
Which of the following describes a formulary in which medications have different levels of coverage?
- Tiered
- Restricted
- Closed
- Open
Explanation
Correct Answer: A) Tiered
A tiered formulary is a type of formulary used by health insurance plans, in which medications are classified into different levels or "tiers" based on their cost, efficacy, or formulary classification. Medications in lower tiers generally have lower co-pays or out-of-pocket costs, while those in higher tiers may require higher co-pays due to higher costs. This system helps manage costs and encourages the use of more affordable medications when possible.
A pharmacy technician is notified that a medication currently stocked is subject to a Class III recall. Which of the following actions should the technician take?
- Review the safety data sheets.
- Contact the FDA.
- Post a recall notice.
- Discontinue distributing the recalled lots.
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Discontinue distributing the recalled lots.
A Class III recall occurs when a product has a minor defect or labeling issue that is unlikely to cause serious health problems but still requires correction. When a pharmacy receives notification of any medication recall, the immediate responsibility is to stop distributing or dispensing the affected product.
The technician should identify the recalled lot numbers, remove those products from inventory, and quarantine them according to pharmacy policy. This prevents patients from receiving the recalled medication and allows the pharmacy to follow proper return or disposal procedures as instructed by the manufacturer or distributor.
Which of the following describes the purpose of an antihistamine?
- Reduces hypertension
- Reduces runny nose and sneezing
- Reduces joint inflammation
- Reduces fever
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Reduces runny nose and sneezing
Antihistamines are medications primarily used to relieve allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and itching. These symptoms occur when histamine, a chemical produced by the immune system, is released in response to an allergen. Antihistamines block the effects of histamine, thereby reducing these allergic reactions. This makes them effective in treating conditions like hay fever, seasonal allergies, or allergic rhinitis.
Which of the following can cause constipation?
- Amoxicillin (Moxatag)
- Linaclotide (Linzess)
- Furosemide (Lasix)
- Oxycodone (OxyContin)
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Oxycodone (OxyContin)
Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain. One of the most common side effects of opioid medications is constipation. Opioids slow gastrointestinal motility by decreasing intestinal muscle contractions and reducing movement through the digestive tract.
This causes stool to remain in the colon longer, leading to harder stools and difficulty passing them. Because opioid-induced constipation is so common, patients receiving opioid therapy are often prescribed stool softeners or laxatives to prevent this side effect.
The selling price of an over-the-counter medication is $40 and the cost of goods sold is $30. Which of the following is the percentage of the markup?
- 10%
- 25%
- 33%
- 41%
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) 33%
Markup is calculated by determining the difference between the selling price and the cost of goods sold, then dividing that difference by the cost. In this case, the selling price is $40 and the cost is $30. The markup amount is $10 ($40 − $30).
To find the markup percentage, divide the markup by the cost: $10 ÷ $30 = 0.333. Converting this value to a percentage results in approximately 33%. Markup calculations are important in pharmacy retail operations because they help determine pricing strategies and ensure that the pharmacy covers its costs while maintaining profitability.
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