HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440)
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Free HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440) Questions
Which breakfast selection should the nurse encourage a client to eat who is hospitalized with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns to both legs?
- A. Scrambled eggs, sausage, toast, and orange juice.
- B. Bowl of hot oatmeal with milk, fruit, and lemon tea.
- C. Whole wheat cereal with milk, bacon, and coffee.
- D. Pancakes, bacon, fruit, and milk.
Explanation
Explanation
For a patient with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns, protein is essential for wound healing, immune function, and tissue repair. Scrambled eggs and sausage provide a high amount of protein, which is critical for promoting healing and maintaining muscle mass during recovery from burns. Additionally, orange juice provides vitamin C, which is important for collagen formation and wound healing. This combination helps meet the nutritional needs of a burn patient by providing protein and other key nutrients for recovery.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Scrambled eggs, sausage, toast, and orange juice.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client has a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L). The nurse should encourage the client to make which selection from the lunch menu?
Reference Range:
Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]
- A. Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich, grapes, and skim milk.
- B. Taco salad, refried beans, low-fat ice cream, and coffee.
- C. Chicken salad on toast, fruit-flavored yogurt, and iced tea.
- D. Canned cream of mushroom soup, tuna salad, and water.
Explanation
Explanation
This client has an elevated serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L, which indicates hypernatremia. A low-sodium diet is important to help manage this condition. The selected meal, C, is the best option for several reasons:
- Chicken salad on toast: The chicken provides a lean source of protein, and if it is prepared without added salt, it is naturally low in sodium. The toast, depending on the bread used, can be low in sodium as well, especially if it is not from highly processed bread that contains added salt.
- Fruit-flavored yogurt: While fruit-flavored yogurt can contain added sugars, it is typically low in sodium compared to other processed foods, making it a safer choice for a client with hypernatremia.
- Iced tea: Iced tea, when unsweetened or lightly sweetened, is typically low in sodium. It is a better option than beverages like soda, which can sometimes contain high levels of sodium or other additives.
By selecting this meal, the client is avoiding high-sodium foods like bacon, refried beans, and canned soup, all of which would exacerbate the elevated sodium levels and make it harder to manage hypernatremia.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Chicken salad on toast, fruit-flavored yogurt, and iced tea.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client tells the home health nurse about being very health conscious and primarily buying groceries at health food stores and farmers' markets. It is most important for the nurse to provide the client with information related to the safety of which of the foods that the client might purchase?
- A. Range-fed beef.
- B. Organically grown fruits.
- C. Unpasteurized milk.
- D. Wheat germ.
Explanation
Explanation
Unpasteurized milk, also known as raw milk, poses a significant risk of foodborne illnesses because it has not been heat-treated to kill harmful bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria. These bacteria can lead to serious infections, especially in vulnerable populations like young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of avoiding unpasteurized milk and opting for pasteurized dairy products instead.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Unpasteurized milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is helping develop a meal plan based on nutritional guidelines for an older adult client being discharged to home with the client's spouse. Which statement by the client and spouse best indicates an understanding of the nutritional guidelines when planning meals?
- A. Nutritional meal planning for older adults should only be planned by a dietitian.
- B. Socioeconomics should not be an issue in planning nutritional meals for older adults.
- C. Age is not a factor in determining dietary needs for older adults.
- D. Dietary needs for older adults over and under age 70 are different.
Explanation
Explanation
Nutritional needs for older adults can change with age, and those over 70 may have different dietary requirements than those under 70. Factors such as metabolism, health conditions, and changes in body composition can affect nutritional needs. For example, older adults may require higher amounts of certain vitamins and minerals (like vitamin D or calcium) and may need to adjust their calorie intake.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Dietary needs for older adults over and under age 70 are different.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is caring for an older adult client that is exhibiting signs of confusion. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Increase daily sodium intake.
- B. Review the intake and output record.
- C. Offer water to the client hourly.
- D. Reduce dairy product intake.
Explanation
Explanation
Confusion in older adults can often be related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, particularly dehydration, which is common in this population. Reviewing the intake and output (I&O) record allows the nurse to assess whether the client is adequately hydrated or experiencing fluid imbalances that could contribute to confusion. Monitoring I&O can help guide interventions, such as ensuring adequate fluid intake. The other options may not directly address potential causes of confusion related to hydration and fluid balance.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Review the intake and output record.Why the other options are incorrect:
The home health nurse is visiting an older adult client who was discharged from the hospital 3 days ago following hip pinning surgery. The client lives with her daughter, who prepares the family meals. In discussing nutrition for postoperative healing, which food choices should the nurse suggest for this client's diet? Select all that apply.
- A. Flavored gelatin.
- B. Baked chicken.
- C. Grilled salmon.
- D. Soda crackers.
- E. Scrambled eggs.
Explanation
Explanation
B. Baked chicken.
Baked chicken is a great source of lean protein, which is essential for postoperative healing. Protein plays a critical role in tissue repair, immune function, and muscle maintenance, all of which are crucial after surgery. Baked chicken is low in fat when prepared without skin and provides high-quality protein that supports healing and recovery.
C. Grilled salmon.
Grilled salmon is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce swelling and promote healing after surgery. Omega-3s also support heart health and can improve blood circulation, aiding in the healing process. Salmon is also high in protein, making it a beneficial food for recovery.
E. Scrambled eggs.
Scrambled eggs are a rich source of high-quality protein and provide essential amino acids that are necessary for tissue repair and muscle recovery following surgery. Eggs also contain important nutrients such as vitamins D and B12, and minerals like zinc, which are vital for the healing process and immune function. They are easy to digest and can be a good option for postoperative nutrition.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Baked chicken.C. Grilled salmon.
E. Scrambled eggs.
Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment on a client who is a professional dancer. Which issue reported by the client should alert the nurse to perform further assessment?
- A. Sweaty palms.
- B. Bunions.
- C. Fatigue.
- D. Dry skin.
Explanation
Explanation
C. Fatigue.
Fatigue is a common symptom that may indicate nutritional deficiencies, particularly in a physically demanding profession like dance. It can be associated with inadequate intake of essential nutrients such as iron (which can lead to anemia), vitamin B12, or other key vitamins and minerals. Chronic fatigue can also indicate caloric insufficiency or dehydration, both of which can impair performance and recovery in dancers. Therefore, fatigue warrants further assessment to evaluate potential nutritional imbalances, hydration status, or other health concerns.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Fatigue.Why the other options are incorrect:
A clear liquid breakfast is prescribed for a client who is scheduled for surgery later today. The client asks the nurse for a small cup of chocolate ice cream. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Explain that a popsicle or a cup of gelatin can be provided rather than ice cream.
- B. Provide the chocolate ice cream after determining the presence of bowel sounds.
- C. Offer to prepare a chocolate-flavored liquid nutritional supplement poured over ice.
- D. Call the healthcare provider to clarify if the client may have ice cream as requested.
Explanation
Explanation
A clear liquid diet typically includes liquids that are transparent and do not contain any solid food particles. Ice cream is considered a dairy product, and it contains fat and solids, which are not allowed on a clear liquid diet. A popsicle (without milk or cream) or gelatin are both appropriate choices for a clear liquid diet, as they are transparent and easy to digest. The nurse should explain this to the client and offer suitable alternatives that align with the prescribed diet.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Explain that a popsicle or a cup of gelatin can be provided rather than ice cream.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client with diabetes mellitus tells the nurse of using cranberry juice to help prevent urinary tract infections. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. "Excess cranberry juice can be constipating."
- B. "Be sure to drink sugar-free cranberry juice."
- C. "Drinking cranberry juice does not prevent infection."
- D. "Cranberries may increase the effect of insulin."
Explanation
Explanation
B. "Be sure to drink sugar-free cranberry juice."
Cranberry juice is often used as a home remedy for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially for people prone to frequent infections. However, for a client with diabetes mellitus, it is important to choose sugar-free cranberry juice to avoid unnecessary increases in blood glucose levels. Regular cranberry juice contains a significant amount of sugar, which can affect blood glucose control. Drinking sugar-free cranberry juice ensures that the client can potentially benefit from the possible UTI-preventive effects of cranberry without negatively impacting their diabetes management.
Correct Answer Is:
B. "Be sure to drink sugar-free cranberry juice."Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is caring for a client admitted with chronic kidney disease advancing to stage 4. The nurse should instruct the client to limit the ingestion of which type of foods?
- A. Apples and blueberries.
- B. Avocados and bananas.
- C. Carrots and green beans.
- D. Cherries and cranberries.
Explanation
Explanation
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially at advanced stages like stage 4, the kidneys' ability to filter potassium is significantly reduced. Avocados and bananas are both high in potassium, which can build up in the blood when kidney function is impaired, leading to hyperkalemia. This can result in serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important for clients with CKD to limit foods that are high in potassium, such as avocados and bananas.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Avocados and bananas.Why the other options are incorrect:
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Frequently Asked Question
It focuses on the role of nutrition in managing chronic conditions and promoting overall health.
It includes multiple-choice questions, case studies, and scenario-based questions assessing clinical decision-making.
Review key nutrition topics, practice case studies, and focus on diet management for chronic conditions.
Encourage reducing simple carbs, increasing fiber-rich foods, and managing portion sizes.
Calcium is crucial for bone health, and can be included through dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Reducing sodium and increasing potassium-rich foods help manage blood pressure effectively.
Consider health conditions, dietary habits, lab values, and accessibility to healthy food.