HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440)
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Free HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440) Questions
The nurse is helping develop a meal plan based on nutritional guidelines for an older adult client being discharged to home with the client's spouse. Which statement by the client and spouse best indicates an understanding of the nutritional guidelines when planning meals?
- Nutritional meal planning for older adults should only be planned by a dietitian.
- Socioeconomics should not be an issue in planning nutritional meals for older adults.
- Age is not a factor in determining dietary needs for older adults.
- Dietary needs for older adults over and under age 70 are different.
Explanation
Explanation
Nutritional needs for older adults can change with age, and those over 70 may have different dietary requirements than those under 70. Factors such as metabolism, health conditions, and changes in body composition can affect nutritional needs. For example, older adults may require higher amounts of certain vitamins and minerals (like vitamin D or calcium) and may need to adjust their calorie intake.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Dietary needs for older adults over and under age 70 are different.Why the other options are incorrect:
A 5' 3" (1. 6 meter) 113 pound (51.3 kg) client has a lipid profile of total cholesterol 267 mg/dL (6.92 mmol/L), LDL 167 mg/dL (4.33 mmol/L), HDL 85 mg/dl. (2.2 mmol/L), triglycerides 79 mg/dL (0.89 mmol/L), and VLDL 16 mg/dL (0.41 mmol/L). Based on these findings, it is most important for the nurse to teach the client to make every effort to completely avoid which foods?
Reference Range:
Total Cholesterol [less than 200 mg/dL (less than 5.2 mmol/L)]
LDL [less than 130 mg/dL (less than 3.4 mmol/L)]
HDL [greater than 45 mg/dL (greater than 0.75 mmol/L)]
VLDL [12 to 30 mg/dL (0.31 to 0.78 mmol/L)]
Trigylcerides [40 to 160 mg/dL (0.45 to 1.81 mmol/L)]
- A Eggs.
- B Shellfish.
- C Nuts.
- D Cheese.
Explanation
Explanation
The client has elevated total cholesterol (267 mg/dL) and LDL (167 mg/dL), which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cheese is a high source of saturated fat and cholesterol, both of which can raise LDL cholesterol levels. The most important dietary change for this client is to avoid cheese to reduce further elevation of LDL and total cholesterol.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Cheese.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who is receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy has lost 25% of total body weight and is having difficulty eating because of stomatitis. In planning care for this client, which diet should the nurse recommend?
- Pureed regular diet.
- High protein soft diet.
- Mechanical soft diet.
- Low residue diet.
Explanation
Explanation
A high protein soft diet is the most appropriate recommendation for a client with significant weight loss (25% of total body weight) and stomatitis. This diet helps ensure the client receives adequate nutrition to promote healing and support immune function, both of which are crucial during chemotherapy. The soft texture will also make it easier for the client to eat despite the discomfort caused by stomatitis (inflammation and sores in the mouth). Protein is essential for tissue repair and immune support, so the nurse should focus on providing soft, protein-rich foods that are easier to tolerate.
Correct Answer Is:
B. High protein soft diet.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of several clients. Which client has the greatest risk for health problems related to nutritional deficits?
- An 89-year-old stroke victim with a fractured hip and dysphagia.
- A 6-year-old who had a tonsillectomy yesterday.
- An obese 42-year-old male admitted for a hernia repair.
- A woman at 4-weeks gestation suffering from morning sickness.
Explanation
Explanation
The 89-year-old stroke victim with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is at the greatest risk for nutritional deficits due to the combination of advanced age, a recent stroke, and a fractured hip. Dysphagia can lead to difficulty eating and swallowing, which increases the risk of malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration. This client's condition requires close monitoring and dietary interventions to prevent further complications. Additionally, the elderly are more prone to nutritional deficiencies due to changes in metabolism and reduced appetite.
Correct Answer Is:
A. An 89-year-old stroke victim with a fractured hip and dysphagia.Why the other options are incorrect:
A high protein diet is prescribed for an adolescent client who is anemic. Which lunch is best for this client?
- A tuna sandwich, french fries, and a glass of milk.
- A hot dog, potato chips, and a glass of milk.
- An egg salad sandwich, soda, and chocolate cake.
- A cheese sandwich, an apple, and a soda.
Explanation
Explanation
The tuna sandwich provides a high-quality source of protein, which is important for clients with anemia to support the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Milk adds calcium and some additional protein. While french fries are not the healthiest choice, this meal overall provides adequate protein, which is the priority in treating anemia. The other options lack sufficient protein and are high in sugars or unhealthy fats, which are not ideal for nutritional recovery in an adolescent with anemia.
Correct Answer Is:
A. A tuna sandwich, french fries, and a glass of milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
When conducting diet teaching for a client who has iron-deficiency anemia, which food(s) should the nurse encourage the client to eat? Select all that apply.
- Cucumber.
- Beans.
- Oranges.
- Raisins.
- Spinach.
Explanation
Explanation
B. Beans.
Beans are a good source of non-heme iron, which is important for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia. Consuming beans helps boost iron intake, contributing to improved iron levels in the body.
C. Oranges.
Oranges are rich in vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods. Including oranges in the diet helps improve the body's ability to absorb iron, aiding in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia.
D. Raisins.
Raisins are high in iron and are beneficial for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia. They provide a natural source of iron and can help increase iron levels in the body.
E. Spinach.
Spinach is a rich source of non-heme iron. Including spinach in the diet is beneficial for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia, as it helps increase iron intake and supports the treatment of anemia.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Beans.C. Oranges.
D. Raisins.
E. Spinach.
Why the other options are incorrect:
An older adult client with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital due to dehydration. The client is 20 lb (9.1 kg) under ideal weight, and assessment findings include nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors. The nurse knows that these symptoms were most likely caused by which nutritional deficiency?
- Lack of dietary vitamin A.
- Iron deficiency anemia.
- Vitamin B12
- Protein starvation.
Explanation
Explanation
The symptoms of nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors are indicative of neurological impairments often seen in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency, which is common in clients with chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to neurological symptoms like those observed in this client. Vitamin B12 is essential for proper nerve function, and its deficiency can cause cognitive and motor impairments. The other options are less likely to cause these specific neurological signs.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Vitamin B12Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who is transferred to the medical unit following a myocardial infarction has a prescription for a cardiac diet. The client points to the lunch tray and tells the nurse, "This hamburger has no flavor, it makes it hard to eat." Which selection is best for the nurse to suggest the client use to improve the taste of the hamburger?
- Pickles and yellow mustard.
- Tomatoes and fresh horseradish.
- Bacon and mayonnaise.
- Cheese and ketchup.
Explanation
Explanation
Tomatoes are heart-healthy, providing vitamins and antioxidants, and fresh horseradish can add a flavorful kick without excessive sodium or unhealthy fats. This option is the best for improving the taste of the hamburger while adhering to the restrictions of a cardiac diet.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Tomatoes and fresh horseradish.Why the other options are incorrect:
A clear liquid breakfast is prescribed for a client who is scheduled for surgery later today. The client asks the nurse for a small cup of chocolate ice cream. Which action should the nurse take?
- Explain that a popsicle or a cup of gelatin can be provided rather than ice cream.
- Provide the chocolate ice cream after determining the presence of bowel sounds.
- Offer to prepare a chocolate-flavored liquid nutritional supplement poured over ice.
- Call the healthcare provider to clarify if the client may have ice cream as requested.
Explanation
Explanation
A clear liquid diet typically includes liquids that are transparent and do not contain any solid food particles. Ice cream is considered a dairy product, and it contains fat and solids, which are not allowed on a clear liquid diet. A popsicle (without milk or cream) or gelatin are both appropriate choices for a clear liquid diet, as they are transparent and easy to digest. The nurse should explain this to the client and offer suitable alternatives that align with the prescribed diet.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Explain that a popsicle or a cup of gelatin can be provided rather than ice cream.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client tells the home health nurse about being very health conscious and primarily buying groceries at health food stores and farmers' markets. It is most important for the nurse to provide the client with information related to the safety of which of the foods that the client might purchase?
- Range-fed beef.
- Organically grown fruits.
- Unpasteurized milk.
- Wheat germ.
Explanation
Explanation
Unpasteurized milk, also known as raw milk, poses a significant risk of foodborne illnesses because it has not been heat-treated to kill harmful bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria. These bacteria can lead to serious infections, especially in vulnerable populations like young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of avoiding unpasteurized milk and opting for pasteurized dairy products instead.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Unpasteurized milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
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Frequently Asked Question
It focuses on the role of nutrition in managing chronic conditions and promoting overall health.
It includes multiple-choice questions, case studies, and scenario-based questions assessing clinical decision-making.
Review key nutrition topics, practice case studies, and focus on diet management for chronic conditions.
Encourage reducing simple carbs, increasing fiber-rich foods, and managing portion sizes.
Calcium is crucial for bone health, and can be included through dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Reducing sodium and increasing potassium-rich foods help manage blood pressure effectively.
Consider health conditions, dietary habits, lab values, and accessibility to healthy food.