HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440)
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Free HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440) Questions
Which meal selection by a client who is lacto-ovo-vegetarian indicates to the nurse that the client understands the use of complete proteins in the diet?
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Lentil soup with wild rice and orange-pineapple juice.
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Baked acorn squash, whole grain rolls, and lemonade.
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Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk.
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Sun dried tomatoes with wheat pasta and iced tea.
Explanation
Explanation
This meal includes milk (a dairy product), which is a source of complete protein, meaning it contains all nine essential amino acids. The combination of peanut butter (which contains protein) and whole wheat bread (which contains complementary amino acids) can create a complete protein when combined. This shows that the client understands the importance of combining plant-based proteins (peanut butter and whole wheat) with animal-based proteins (milk) to form a complete protein source.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
Patient Data
History and Physical
The client is a 34-year-old male with a history of hypertension. He takes an angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to manage.
Nurses' Notes
The client is here for his annual visit. He reports that he has been eating a strict paleo diet for the
past 8 months. His body mass index (BMI) was 32 kg/m2 last year, and it is now 29 kg/m2
(normal 18.0 to 24.0 kg/m2). He says that he also is being active at least 30 minutes 5 times
per week. His blood pressure has decreased from 154/91 mm Hg at the last visit to 119/66 mm Hg.
Which condition the client is most likely experiencing, two actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.
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Condition: Calcium deficiency
Actions to Take:- Suggest the client take a calcium supplement
- Teach the client about plant foods high in calcium
Parameters to Monitor: - Bone health
- Serum potassium
-
Condition: Protein deficiency
Actions to Take:- Collect blood for a serum chemistry
- Increase dairy in the diet
Parameters to Monitor: - Wound healing
- Blood glucose
-
Condition: Hyperkalemia
Actions to Take:- Change the client's blood pressure medication
- Increase dairy in the diet
Parameters to Monitor: - Serum potassium
- Dental health
-
Condition: Hypoglycemia
Actions to Take:- Increase the client's intake of complex carbohydrates
- Collect blood for a serum chemistry
Parameters to Monitor: - Blood glucose
- Serum potassium
Explanation
Explanation
The client is most likely experiencing calcium deficiency due to the strict paleo diet, which may lack sufficient calcium from dairy sources. To address this, the nurse should suggest a calcium supplement and educate the client on plant-based foods high in calcium. Monitoring bone health (due to calcium’s role in bone strength) and serum potassium is essential, as calcium and potassium are both involved in muscle function and metabolism.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Condition: Calcium deficiencyActions to Take:
- Suggest the client take a calcium supplement
- Teach the client about plant foods high in calcium
Parameters to Monitor: - Bone health
- Serum potassium
Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is caring for a client who is obese and has been prescribed a whey protein concentrate as a dietary fat substitute. Which health history component is the most important for the nurse to review prior to the client beginning this prescription?
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Cholesterol level.
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Hypertension.
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Dairy allergy.
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Motivation for change.
Explanation
Explanation
C. Dairy allergy.
Whey protein concentrate is derived from milk, so it contains dairy proteins. It is crucial to assess for a dairy allergy prior to starting the whey protein supplement, as individuals with dairy allergies can experience severe allergic reactions, such as hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis. This makes a dairy allergy the most important component to review in the client's health history before beginning this dietary supplement.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Dairy allergy.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² is requesting information on the initial approach to a weight loss plan. Which action should the nurse recommend?
Reference Range:
Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 to 24.9 kg/m²]
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Engage in strenuous activity for an hour daily.
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Keep a record of food and drinks consumed daily.
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Plan low carbohydrate and high protein meals.
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Participate in a group exercise class 3 times a week.
Explanation
Explanation
The first step in a weight loss plan is to identify current eating habits and calorie intake. Keeping a daily record of food and drinks consumed helps increase awareness of the types and amounts of food being eaten, which is essential for making informed decisions about modifying the diet. This strategy is a key part of behavior change and helps the client and healthcare team assess the patterns that may need adjustment. The other options, while potentially beneficial, are more advanced steps that come after addressing the client's food intake.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Keep a record of food and drinks consumed daily.Why the other options are incorrect:
When conducting a wellness class for clients with a history of cardiovascular disease, which dietary instruction should the nurse suggest to promote healthy living?
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Make half of your plate fruits and vegetables.
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Eliminate products containing gluten in the daily diet.
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Switch to organic milk and dairy products.
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Limit alcohol intake to two beverages daily.
Explanation
Explanation
Making half of the plate fruits and vegetables is a key dietary guideline for promoting heart health. Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber, all of which help lower the risk of heart disease by improving blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and overall vascular health. This approach supports a well-balanced diet that is crucial for clients with a history of cardiovascular disease. The other options are not as directly linked to cardiovascular disease prevention or may not be as broadly applicable to all clients.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Make half of your plate fruits and vegetables.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m² expresses a desire to lose weight. Which action should the nurse implement?
Reference Range:
Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 to 24.9 kg/m²]
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Instruct the client to eat 3 well-balanced meals daily.
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Review the client's dietary intake for the past week.
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Discuss ideas in developing an exercise schedule.
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Provide assistance in planning high-protein, low-carbohydrate meals.
Explanation
Explanation
Before providing specific recommendations, it is important to first understand the client's current eating habits. Reviewing the client's dietary intake for the past week will give the nurse insight into the client's food choices, portion sizes, and eating patterns. This information is essential for identifying areas that may need adjustment for weight loss. After understanding the client's habits, the nurse can offer tailored advice, including healthy eating and exercise strategies.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Review the client's dietary intake for the past week.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse instructs a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates. Choosing which food indicates that the client understands the diet teaching?
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Avocado.
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Pretzels.
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Grapes.
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Potatoes.
Explanation
Explanation
Avocado is a good choice for a client with type 2 diabetes because it is low in carbohydrates and high in healthy fats, which helps to manage blood sugar levels. Unlike refined sugars and carbohydrates, which can cause rapid increases in blood glucose levels, avocado provides a stable source of energy without spiking blood sugar. This aligns with the nurse's instruction to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Avocado.Why the other options are incorrect:
In reviewing the dietary teaching for a young adult client with hyperthyroidism, the nurse learns that the client has increased the intake of protein and calories. Which action should the nurse take?
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Encourage the client to continue these changes in a dietary plan.
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Emphasize the need to reduce caloric intake, rather than increasing it.
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Advise the client to include aerobic exercise along with dietary changes.
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Instruct the client to also increase the daily intake of dietary fiber.
Explanation
Explanation
In hyperthyroidism, the body's metabolism is increased, which often leads to increased energy expenditure and potential weight loss. As a result, increasing calorie and protein intake is typically necessary to meet the body's elevated energy demands and to support muscle mass. The nurse should encourage the client to continue consuming sufficient calories and protein to prevent unintentional weight loss and support overall health.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Encourage the client to continue these changes in a dietary plan.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is preparing to review nutritional guidelines with older adult clients. Which action should the nurse recommend to this age group?
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Take rest periods in between meals.
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Drink a glass of water with every meal.
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Add aromatic seasonings to improve taste.
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Consume primarily soft mechanical foods.
Explanation
Explanation
C. Add aromatic seasonings to improve taste.
As people age, their sense of taste and smell may decline, which can make food less appealing. Aromatic seasonings (like garlic, onions, herbs, and spices) can help enhance the flavor of food, making meals more enjoyable and encouraging better food intake. This is particularly important for older adults, who may experience a decreased appetite or less interest in food due to sensory changes.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Add aromatic seasonings to improve taste.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is reviewing a nutrition plan with a client newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet?
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The consumption of protein products should come from lean meats, nuts, and dried beans.
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The consumption of dairy-based products should be eliminated from the diet.
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The consumption of fruit and/or vegetables should total between 4 to 6 servings.
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The consumption of bread products should be gluten-free.
Explanation
Explanation
The DASH diet focuses on reducing sodium intake and emphasizes the consumption of nutrient-rich foods that help lower blood pressure, including lean meats, nuts, dried beans, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. Option A correctly reflects the recommended protein sources in the DASH diet.
Correct Answer Is:
A. The consumption of protein products should come from lean meats, nuts, and dried beans.Why the other options are incorrect:
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Frequently Asked Question
It focuses on the role of nutrition in managing chronic conditions and promoting overall health.
It includes multiple-choice questions, case studies, and scenario-based questions assessing clinical decision-making.
Review key nutrition topics, practice case studies, and focus on diet management for chronic conditions.
Encourage reducing simple carbs, increasing fiber-rich foods, and managing portion sizes.
Calcium is crucial for bone health, and can be included through dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Reducing sodium and increasing potassium-rich foods help manage blood pressure effectively.
Consider health conditions, dietary habits, lab values, and accessibility to healthy food.