HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440)
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Free HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440) Questions
Which meal selection by a client who is lacto-ovo-vegetarian indicates to the nurse that the client understands the use of complete proteins in the diet?
- A. Lentil soup with wild rice and orange-pineapple juice.
- B. Baked acorn squash, whole grain rolls, and lemonade.
- C. Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk.
- D. Sun dried tomatoes with wheat pasta and iced tea.
Explanation
Explanation
This meal includes milk (a dairy product), which is a source of complete protein, meaning it contains all nine essential amino acids. The combination of peanut butter (which contains protein) and whole wheat bread (which contains complementary amino acids) can create a complete protein when combined. This shows that the client understands the importance of combining plant-based proteins (peanut butter and whole wheat) with animal-based proteins (milk) to form a complete protein source.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who has migraine headaches wants to decrease the intake of foods high in tyramine to see if that will reduce the occurrence of headaches. Which food should the nurse recommend that the client eliminate?
- A. Hard salami
- B. Whole wheat bread
- C. Cherries
- D. Chicken
Explanation
Explanation
A. Hard salami
Hard salami is a fermented and aged meat, and tyramine is a naturally occurring substance in aged, fermented, or cured foods. Tyramine can trigger migraine headaches in sensitive individuals. For this reason, the nurse should recommend the elimination of foods like hard salami, which are high in tyramine, to help reduce the occurrence of migraines.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Hard salamiWhy the other options are incorrect:
An older adult client with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital due to dehydration. The client is 20 lb (9.1 kg) under ideal weight, and assessment findings include nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors. The nurse knows that these symptoms were most likely caused by which nutritional deficiency?
- A. Lack of dietary vitamin A.
- B. Iron deficiency anemia.
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Protein starvation.
Explanation
Explanation
The symptoms of nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors are indicative of neurological impairments often seen in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency, which is common in clients with chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to neurological symptoms like those observed in this client. Vitamin B12 is essential for proper nerve function, and its deficiency can cause cognitive and motor impairments. The other options are less likely to cause these specific neurological signs.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Vitamin B12Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is caring for an older adult who needs to limit sodium intake. Which food should the nurse encourage the client to avoid?
- A. Ground sirloin
- B. Cottage cheese
- C. Bananas
- D. Broccoli
Explanation
Explanation
Cottage cheese is often high in sodium, which can be a concern for clients who need to limit their sodium intake, especially older adults who may be at higher risk for conditions like hypertension or heart disease. Although it is a good source of protein and calcium, its sodium content can be quite high, so it is important for the nurse to encourage the client to limit or avoid cottage cheese if they need to manage their sodium intake.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Cottage cheeseWhy the other options are incorrect:
The parents of a child with prediabetes report to the nurse that the child wants to join a soccer team. Which action is best for the nurse to implement?
- A. Instruct the family about the need to adjust the insulin dose before exercise.
- B. Recommend an increase in caloric intake to avoid excessive weight loss.
- C. Suggest a less strenuous activity to reduce the risk for dehydration.
- D. Reassure the parents that increased physical activity reduces the risk for diabetes.
Explanation
Explanation
Physical activity is highly beneficial for children with prediabetes as it helps improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood sugar levels, and decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise, like playing soccer, can help the child manage their blood glucose levels and improve overall health. Reassuring the parents about the positive effects of increased physical activity helps encourage their child to participate safely in the sport. While insulin adjustments may be necessary for those already diagnosed with diabetes, for prediabetes, the focus is on lifestyle changes like increased activity.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Reassure the parents that increased physical activity reduces the risk for diabetes.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse instructs a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates. Choosing which food indicates that the client understands the diet teaching?
- A. Avocado.
- B. Pretzels.
- C. Grapes.
- D. Potatoes.
Explanation
Explanation
Avocado is a good choice for a client with type 2 diabetes because it is low in carbohydrates and high in healthy fats, which helps to manage blood sugar levels. Unlike refined sugars and carbohydrates, which can cause rapid increases in blood glucose levels, avocado provides a stable source of energy without spiking blood sugar. This aligns with the nurse's instruction to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Avocado.Why the other options are incorrect:
Which breakfast selection should the nurse encourage a client to eat who is hospitalized with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns to both legs?
- A. Scrambled eggs, sausage, toast, and orange juice.
- B. Bowl of hot oatmeal with milk, fruit, and lemon tea.
- C. Whole wheat cereal with milk, bacon, and coffee.
- D. Pancakes, bacon, fruit, and milk.
Explanation
Explanation
For a patient with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns, protein is essential for wound healing, immune function, and tissue repair. Scrambled eggs and sausage provide a high amount of protein, which is critical for promoting healing and maintaining muscle mass during recovery from burns. Additionally, orange juice provides vitamin C, which is important for collagen formation and wound healing. This combination helps meet the nutritional needs of a burn patient by providing protein and other key nutrients for recovery.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Scrambled eggs, sausage, toast, and orange juice.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client with celiac disease selects a slice of rye bread toast with fresh fruit and skim milk, grapefruit juice, and coffee from the breakfast menu. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?
- A. Encourage the client to choose decaffeinated coffee.
- B. Commend the client for selecting fat-free milk.
- C. Inform the client that rye bread contains gluten.
- D. Advise the client that too much fruit can irritate the colon.
Explanation
Explanation
C. Inform the client that rye bread contains gluten.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and some oats) triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine. Rye bread contains gluten, which can cause harm to individuals with celiac disease. It is crucial for the nurse to educate the client about avoiding gluten-containing foods, including rye bread, to prevent adverse effects and manage the disease effectively.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Inform the client that rye bread contains gluten.Why the other options are incorrect:
A high protein diet is prescribed for an adolescent client who is anemic. Which lunch is best for this client?
- A. A tuna sandwich, french fries, and a glass of milk.
- B. A hot dog, potato chips, and a glass of milk.
- C. An egg salad sandwich, soda, and chocolate cake.
- D. A cheese sandwich, an apple, and a soda.
Explanation
Explanation
The tuna sandwich provides a high-quality source of protein, which is important for clients with anemia to support the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Milk adds calcium and some additional protein. While french fries are not the healthiest choice, this meal overall provides adequate protein, which is the priority in treating anemia. The other options lack sufficient protein and are high in sugars or unhealthy fats, which are not ideal for nutritional recovery in an adolescent with anemia.
Correct Answer Is:
A. A tuna sandwich, french fries, and a glass of milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who is training for a first marathon arrives at the clinic reporting an increase in the frequency of leg cramps. Which recommendation should the nurse provide to help decrease the frequency of leg cramps?
- A. Drink a liter of water during and after running.
- B. Avoid drinking alcohol forty-eight hours before training.
- C. Consume a sports drink before and during training.
- D. Eat a high carbohydrate meal after running.
Explanation
Explanation
Sports drinks are specifically designed to help replenish electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium) lost through sweat during prolonged exercise. These electrolytes are essential for muscle function and can help reduce the frequency of leg cramps. Drinking water alone may not replace these lost electrolytes effectively. Consuming a sports drink before and during training provides both hydration and electrolyte replenishment, which can help prevent cramps.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Consume a sports drink before and during training.Why the other options are incorrect:
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Frequently Asked Question
It focuses on the role of nutrition in managing chronic conditions and promoting overall health.
It includes multiple-choice questions, case studies, and scenario-based questions assessing clinical decision-making.
Review key nutrition topics, practice case studies, and focus on diet management for chronic conditions.
Encourage reducing simple carbs, increasing fiber-rich foods, and managing portion sizes.
Calcium is crucial for bone health, and can be included through dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Reducing sodium and increasing potassium-rich foods help manage blood pressure effectively.
Consider health conditions, dietary habits, lab values, and accessibility to healthy food.