HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440)
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Free HESI RN Nutrition Science (D440) Questions
The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of several clients. Which client has the greatest risk for health problems related to nutritional deficits?
- An 89-year-old stroke victim with a fractured hip and dysphagia.
- A 6-year-old who had a tonsillectomy yesterday.
- An obese 42-year-old male admitted for a hernia repair.
- A woman at 4-weeks gestation suffering from morning sickness.
Explanation
Explanation
The 89-year-old stroke victim with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is at the greatest risk for nutritional deficits due to the combination of advanced age, a recent stroke, and a fractured hip. Dysphagia can lead to difficulty eating and swallowing, which increases the risk of malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration. This client's condition requires close monitoring and dietary interventions to prevent further complications. Additionally, the elderly are more prone to nutritional deficiencies due to changes in metabolism and reduced appetite.
Correct Answer Is:
A. An 89-year-old stroke victim with a fractured hip and dysphagia.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is conducting a nutrition class for a group of high school athletes. Which recommendation is best for the nurse to provide for the athletes before playing sports?
- Eat fatty, sweetened snacks 1 hour before the game.
- Eat a high-protein meal 30 minutes before the game.
- Eat sodium-enriched foods immediately before the game.
- Eat a light high-carbohydrate meal 3 hours before the game.
Explanation
Explanation
For optimal performance, athletes should consume a light, high-carbohydrate meal 2–3 hours before exercise. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source during physical activity, and consuming them ahead of time helps ensure that energy stores (glycogen) are available during the game. A high-protein meal, fatty snacks, or sodium-enriched foods immediately before a game are not ideal, as they may cause digestive discomfort or do not provide the necessary quick energy.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Eat a light high-carbohydrate meal 3 hours before the game.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse instructs a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates. Choosing which food indicates that the client understands the diet teaching?
- Avocado.
- Pretzels.
- Grapes.
- Potatoes.
Explanation
Explanation
Avocado is a good choice for a client with type 2 diabetes because it is low in carbohydrates and high in healthy fats, which helps to manage blood sugar levels. Unlike refined sugars and carbohydrates, which can cause rapid increases in blood glucose levels, avocado provides a stable source of energy without spiking blood sugar. This aligns with the nurse's instruction to avoid refined sugar and carbohydrates.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Avocado.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client who is transferred to the medical unit following a myocardial infarction has a prescription for a cardiac diet. The client points to the lunch tray and tells the nurse, "This hamburger has no flavor, it makes it hard to eat." Which selection is best for the nurse to suggest the client use to improve the taste of the hamburger?
- Pickles and yellow mustard.
- Tomatoes and fresh horseradish.
- Bacon and mayonnaise.
- Cheese and ketchup.
Explanation
Explanation
Tomatoes are heart-healthy, providing vitamins and antioxidants, and fresh horseradish can add a flavorful kick without excessive sodium or unhealthy fats. This option is the best for improving the taste of the hamburger while adhering to the restrictions of a cardiac diet.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Tomatoes and fresh horseradish.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client tells the home health nurse about being very health conscious and primarily buying groceries at health food stores and farmers' markets. It is most important for the nurse to provide the client with information related to the safety of which of the foods that the client might purchase?
- Range-fed beef.
- Organically grown fruits.
- Unpasteurized milk.
- Wheat germ.
Explanation
Explanation
Unpasteurized milk, also known as raw milk, poses a significant risk of foodborne illnesses because it has not been heat-treated to kill harmful bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria. These bacteria can lead to serious infections, especially in vulnerable populations like young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of avoiding unpasteurized milk and opting for pasteurized dairy products instead.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Unpasteurized milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
The nurse is reviewing a nutrition plan with a client newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet?
- The consumption of protein products should come from lean meats, nuts, and dried beans.
- The consumption of dairy-based products should be eliminated from the diet.
- The consumption of fruit and/or vegetables should total between 4 to 6 servings.
- The consumption of bread products should be gluten-free.
Explanation
Explanation
The DASH diet focuses on reducing sodium intake and emphasizes the consumption of nutrient-rich foods that help lower blood pressure, including lean meats, nuts, dried beans, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. Option A correctly reflects the recommended protein sources in the DASH diet.
Correct Answer Is:
A. The consumption of protein products should come from lean meats, nuts, and dried beans.Why the other options are incorrect:
A client wants to increase intake of vitamin E. Which snack should the nurse encourage?
- Frozen yogurt
- Cheese and crackers
- Sunflower seeds
- Fresh orange slices
Explanation
Explanation
C. Sunflower seeds
Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of vitamin E, which is a fat-soluble antioxidant important for protecting cells from oxidative damage. Just a small serving of sunflower seeds provides a significant amount of the daily recommended intake of vitamin E. Encouraging sunflower seeds as a snack is an effective way to help the client meet their vitamin E needs.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Sunflower seedsWhy the other options are incorrect:
An older client with unintentional weight loss and a decline in physical health reports skipping meals to save money for prescribed medications. Which action is best for the home health nurse to do?
- Call the client's nearest relative.
- Provide budgeting strategies.
- Consult with social services.
- Alert the adult protection agency.
Explanation
Explanation
C. Consult with social services.
The client's decision to skip meals to save money for medications raises concerns about food insecurity, which can significantly affect the client's health. The best course of action is to consult with social services, as they can assess the client's financial situation and connect them with community resources, food assistance programs, or financial aid for both medications and nutrition. Social services can help address the root cause of the client's problem by providing necessary support and services.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Consult with social services.Why the other options are incorrect:
An overweight male client tells the nurse that he plans to monitor the glycemic index of the foods he eats to ensure that he receives an adequate intake of vitamins and nutrients while he is trying to lose weight. Which action should the nurse implement?
- Affirm the client's understanding of the purpose of the glycemic index.
- Encourage the client to talk about his reasons for desiring to lose weight.
- Advise the client to seek medical supervision before using the glycemic index.
- Discuss the benefits and limitations of use of the glycemic index.
Explanation
Explanation
The glycemic index (GI) measures how quickly carbohydrates in foods raise blood glucose levels. While it can be useful for managing blood sugar levels, it is not the only factor to consider in a balanced diet. Discussing the benefits and limitations of the glycemic index is important because it provides insight into how it can be a tool for making healthier food choices, but it also has limitations, such as not considering the nutrient density of foods. It's crucial for the nurse to provide balanced information to ensure the client understands how to incorporate the GI as part of a broader nutritional strategy.
Correct Answer Is:
D. Discuss the benefits and limitations of use of the glycemic index.Why the other options are incorrect:
Which meal selection by a client who is lacto-ovo-vegetarian indicates to the nurse that the client understands the use of complete proteins in the diet?
- Lentil soup with wild rice and orange-pineapple juice.
- Baked acorn squash, whole grain rolls, and lemonade.
- Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk.
- Sun dried tomatoes with wheat pasta and iced tea.
Explanation
Explanation
This meal includes milk (a dairy product), which is a source of complete protein, meaning it contains all nine essential amino acids. The combination of peanut butter (which contains protein) and whole wheat bread (which contains complementary amino acids) can create a complete protein when combined. This shows that the client understands the importance of combining plant-based proteins (peanut butter and whole wheat) with animal-based proteins (milk) to form a complete protein source.
Correct Answer Is:
C. Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk.Why the other options are incorrect:
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Frequently Asked Question
It focuses on the role of nutrition in managing chronic conditions and promoting overall health.
It includes multiple-choice questions, case studies, and scenario-based questions assessing clinical decision-making.
Review key nutrition topics, practice case studies, and focus on diet management for chronic conditions.
Encourage reducing simple carbs, increasing fiber-rich foods, and managing portion sizes.
Calcium is crucial for bone health, and can be included through dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Reducing sodium and increasing potassium-rich foods help manage blood pressure effectively.
Consider health conditions, dietary habits, lab values, and accessibility to healthy food.