EDUC 5260 CUA1 Culture

Explanation:

Sequent Occupancy refers to the idea that cultural landscapes are shaped over time by successive societies or groups, each leaving their imprint on the physical environment. By studying these layers, geographers and historians can understand how previous inhabitants influenced architecture, land use, and spatial organization, and how current cultural patterns have evolved. This concept highlights the dynamic and cumulative nature of cultural landscapes, showing how human activity over time creates a rich tapestry of historical and cultural influences.

Correct Answer:

It illustrates the historical layering of cultural influences in a given area.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

It shows how cultures remain static over time.

This is incorrect because Sequent Occupancy emphasizes change and evolution of cultural landscapes, not the persistence of static cultures. It highlights the accumulation of influences over time.

It emphasizes the isolation of cultures from one another.

This is incorrect because Sequent Occupancy focuses on how cultures build upon one another in the same location rather than existing in isolation. It demonstrates interaction and succession.

It highlights the uniformity of cultural practices across different regions.

This is incorrect because Sequent Occupancy is concerned with specific historical and cultural changes within a particular area, not with uniformity across regions. Cultural landscapes are shaped by unique sequences of occupancy, leading to diversity rather than uniformity.

Explanation:

Cultural ecology studies the relationship between human cultures and their environments, focusing on how cultural practices, technologies, and social behaviors enable adaptation to specific ecological conditions. It examines how humans modify, interact with, and adapt to their surroundings, highlighting the dynamic interplay between cultural systems and natural resources. For example, agricultural techniques in arid regions reflect adaptations to water scarcity, soil conditions, and climate.

Correct Answer:

cultures and the environment

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

individuals within a society

This is incorrect because cultural ecology focuses on the relationship between culture and environment rather than just interactions among individuals.

technology, economics, and social complexity

This is incorrect because while these factors can be related, cultural ecology specifically emphasizes environmental adaptation, not social or technological structures alone.

cultures and the politicians

This is incorrect because cultural ecology does not focus on political relationships; it examines how cultural practices interact with and adapt to environmental conditions.

Explanation:

A cultural landscape refers to a geographic area that has been shaped, influenced, or modified by human activity. It reflects the interaction between people and their environment, including patterns of settlement, land use, and cultural practices. The concept emphasizes that landscapes are not purely natural but are the result of human presence and cultural processes over time, showing how culture and environment are intertwined.

Correct Answer:

the concept that all landscapes have been shaped by people

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

natural systems based on the interaction of nonliving factors and organisms

This is incorrect because cultural landscapes focus on human influence rather than purely natural ecological processes.

the concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it

This is incorrect because this describes perceptual or cognitive models of landscapes, not the actual shaping of landscapes by human activity.

the idea that interaction with the environment is a symbolic act

This is incorrect because cultural landscapes emphasize physical modification and functional use of space rather than symbolic interpretation alone.

Explanation:

The built environment encompasses all human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, including buildings, parks, infrastructure, and other physical spaces. It reflects human needs, cultural values, and technological capabilities, shaping how people interact with their environment. Understanding the built environment is essential for urban planning, architecture, and assessing the social and cultural impacts of human constructions.

Correct Answer:

the human made surrounding providing the setting for human activity

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

the microbial environment that selects for advantageous traits

This is incorrect because it refers to biological processes, not human-made surroundings.

any man made structure that might contain microorganisms

This is incorrect because the presence of microorganisms is irrelevant to the definition of the built environment, which focuses on human use and activity.

any temporary structure

This is incorrect because the built environment includes both permanent and temporary human-made structures; the definition is not limited to temporary constructions.

Explanation:

A lingua franca is a language used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages. It facilitates interaction in trade, diplomacy, education, or other social contexts when individuals do not share the same mother tongue. The concept emphasizes practicality and mutual intelligibility, rather than being tied to a specific cultural or native identity, making it essential in multilingual environments.

Correct Answer:

A form of language used between people who do not share the same native language.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

A communication system stripped down to its basics.

This is incorrect because a lingua franca is not necessarily simplified; it is a functional language for communication between diverse speakers, which may retain complex grammar and vocabulary.

An innate "biological program" that puts constraints on languages.

This is incorrect because this definition refers to Chomsky’s theory of universal grammar, not the concept of a lingua franca. Lingua franca is socially and culturally constructed.

A form of borrowing between languages that enables speakers to understand one another.

This is incorrect because borrowing involves integrating words or phrases from one language into another, whereas a lingua franca is a full language used for communication between speakers of different native tongues.

Explanation:

Selective acculturation allows a community to integrate beneficial aspects of a new culture while preserving its core traditions and cultural identity. This strategy enables adaptation to changing social and environmental conditions without eroding essential cultural values. It often results in a dynamic cultural landscape where both original and new influences coexist, enriching the community’s social and cultural fabric.

Correct Answer:

Selective acculturation, adopting certain aspects of the new culture while preserving core traditions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Complete assimilation into the dominant culture.

This is incorrect because complete assimilation often leads to the loss of original cultural traits, rather than maintaining cultural identity.

Total rejection of the new culture.

This is incorrect because refusing to adopt any aspects of the new culture prevents effective adaptation and integration, which is counterproductive in a multicultural environment.

Isolation from all external cultural influences.

This is incorrect because total isolation limits cultural exchange and prevents the community from benefiting from new practices or ideas.

Explanation:

Acculturation refers to the process through which individuals or groups adopt certain cultural traits, practices, or behaviors from another culture while still retaining aspects of their original culture. It involves cultural exchange and adaptation without complete loss of identity. Acculturation can affect language, customs, social norms, and other cultural elements, enabling groups to interact and integrate while maintaining a connection to their heritage.

Correct Answer:

The process of adopting cultural traits from another culture.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

The complete integration of one culture into another.

This is incorrect because complete integration describes assimilation, not acculturation. Acculturation allows for retention of original cultural traits.

The preservation of one's original culture without influence from others.

This is incorrect because acculturation specifically involves adopting traits from another culture; mere preservation does not constitute acculturation.

The establishment of cultural boundaries between different groups.

This is incorrect because establishing boundaries refers to segregation or isolation, which is not part of the acculturation process.

Explanation:

Hierarchical diffusion occurs when an idea, innovation, or cultural trait spreads from persons or nodes of authority, influence, or power to other individuals or groups in a structured or ranked manner. It often begins in major urban centers or influential social networks before reaching smaller or less influential populations. This diffusion pattern emphasizes the role of social hierarchy in the spread of ideas, distinguishing it from other forms of diffusion like contagious or relocation diffusion.

Correct Answer:

The spread of an idea from persons of power to other persons.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

The spread of an underlying principle or idea.

This is incorrect because hierarchical diffusion emphasizes the pathway through authority or influence, not just the general spread of an idea.

The spread of an idea or trait through the physical movement of people from one place to another.

This is incorrect because that describes relocation diffusion, which relies on physical movement rather than social hierarchy.

The rapid and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

This is incorrect because rapid widespread diffusion without regard to social rank describes contagious diffusion, not hierarchical diffusion.

None of the above.

This is incorrect because the correct definition is provided as an option.

Explanation:

This scenario exemplifies hierarchical diffusion because the trend originates in a major urban center and spreads downward to smaller towns, following a ranked order of influence. Hierarchical diffusion often occurs along networks of authority, popularity, or social status, with larger, influential areas impacting smaller or peripheral areas. In smaller towns, this can affect cultural identity by introducing urban practices and norms, which may create a contrast between traditional local practices and the new trend, potentially generating cultural tension or identity shifts.

Correct Answer:

Hierarchical diffusion; it may create a divide between urban and rural cultural identities.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Contagious diffusion; it may lead to a homogenization of cultural identity.

This is incorrect because contagious diffusion spreads ideas broadly and evenly through direct contact, rather than following a hierarchical path from major centers to smaller ones. The scenario describes diffusion through influential urban areas, not widespread peer-to-peer transmission.

Stimulus diffusion; it may result in the adaptation of the trend to fit local cultures.

This is incorrect because stimulus diffusion involves adopting the underlying idea while modifying it to suit local conditions. The question indicates that the trend spreads directly from the city to smaller towns without significant adaptation.

Relocation diffusion; it may cause a loss of traditional practices.

This is incorrect because relocation diffusion occurs when people physically move and bring cultural traits with them. In this case, the trend spreads through influence from urban centers rather than population movement.