NUR 611 AP1 25 FL2 Adult Health at St. Thomas University
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Free NUR 611 AP1 25 FL2 Adult Health at St. Thomas University Questions
Which of the following scales is useful to assess the degree of dyspnea with a score of 6 to 20?
- Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale
- Global assessment of functioning scale
- Visual analog scale
- Borg scale
Explanation
The Borg scale is a numerical scale ranging from 6 to 20 used to measure a person’s perceived level of exertion or dyspnea (shortness of breath) during physical activity. A score of 6 represents “no exertion at all,” while 20 indicates “maximal exertion.” This tool helps clinicians monitor and adjust exercise intensity in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, such as COPD or heart failure, by correlating perceived breathlessness with actual physiologic strain.
What is the mainstay of management for infectious mononucleosis?
- Antivirals
- Corticosteroids
- Isolation
- Symptom control
Explanation
The mainstay of management for infectious mononucleosis (caused by the Epstein-Barr virus) is supportive or symptomatic treatment, as the infection is self-limiting. Management includes rest, hydration, analgesics, and antipyretics for fever, sore throat, and fatigue. Patients should avoid contact sports for at least 3–4 weeks to prevent splenic rupture due to transient splenomegaly. There is no role for antivirals or antibiotics unless a secondary bacterial infection develops.
How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes?
- Every visit
- Every 3 months
- Every 6 months
- Every year
Explanation
The clinician should examine the feet of a person with diabetes at every visit to identify early signs of neuropathy, poor circulation, ulcers, or infections. Diabetes increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy and vascular disease, which can lead to foot injuries that go unnoticed and progress to serious complications, including amputation. Routine foot checks allow for prompt intervention and reinforce patient education on daily self-inspection and proper foot care.
George has COPD and an 80% forced expiratory volume in 1 second. How would you classify the severity of his COPD?
- Stage 3 severe COPD
- Stage 5 very severe COPD
- Stage 1 mild COPD
- Stage 2 moderate COPD
Explanation
According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, Stage 1 (mild) COPD is defined as a FEV₁ ≥ 80% of predicted after bronchodilator use. Patients may have mild airflow limitation and chronic cough or sputum production but often are asymptomatic. Management focuses on smoking cessation, vaccination (influenza and pneumococcal), and bronchodilator use as needed to prevent progression.
Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to manage constipation?
- Immediately begin pharmacologic treatment.
- Five timed minutes on the toilet in which to defecate.
- Drink at least 48 ounces of fluids daily.
- Mildly exercise after breakfast.
Explanation
Mild exercise after breakfast helps stimulate intestinal motility through activation of the gastrocolic reflex, promoting natural bowel movement and reducing constipation. Walking or light stretching encourages peristalsis and is a first-line nonpharmacologic intervention. This approach, combined with increased fiber and adequate hydration, is preferred before using laxatives or stool softeners. Lifestyle measures are safe, sustainable, and effective for maintaining regular bowel habits.
The advance practice registered nurse (APRN) is providing a community health program for the prevention of Lyme disease. Which information should be included?
- Smoking cessation
- Hiking precautions
- Safe sex practices
- Vaccination schedules
Explanation
Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged (deer) ticks, commonly encountered in wooded, grassy, or brushy outdoor areas. Prevention focuses on avoiding tick bites during outdoor activities like hiking. The APRN should educate participants about wearing long sleeves, tucking pants into socks, using tick repellents (DEET or permethrin), performing tick checks after outdoor exposure, and promptly removing ticks to reduce infection risk.
A patient is seen in the clinic and diagnosed with Stage I renal cancer. The provider should refer the patient to a nephrologist for which of these treatments?
- Chemotherapy
- Nephrectomy
- Radiation
- Palliative treatment
Explanation
For Stage I renal cancer, the standard and most effective treatment is surgical removal of the tumor, typically through a partial or radical nephrectomy. Surgery is potentially curative at this early stage because the cancer is localized to the kidney and has not spread. A partial nephrectomy is preferred when possible to preserve kidney function, while a radical nephrectomy (removal of the entire kidney) may be necessary for larger or more invasive tumors.
Which of the following persons fits the classic description of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
- A teenage male
- A 60-year-old female
- A 25-year-old female
- A 65-year-old male
Explanation
Multiple sclerosis (MS) most commonly affects young adult women between the ages of 20 and 40 years, with a peak onset in the mid-20s to early 30s. It is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that leads to neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, weakness, fatigue, and problems with coordination or balance. The condition is more prevalent in females and in populations living farther from the equator, where lower vitamin D levels are common.
A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
- Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
- Thick, green discharge
- Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch
- Blood in urine and frequency
Explanation
A lower urinary tract infection (cystitis) commonly presents with dysuria (burning on urination), urinary frequency, urgency, and sometimes hematuria (blood in the urine). These symptoms result from inflammation and irritation of the bladder and urethral mucosa. The infection is usually limited to the bladder and does not cause systemic symptoms such as fever or flank pain. Diagnosis is confirmed with a urinalysis showing pyuria, bacteriuria, and possibly hematuria.
Gerald presents with a very dark color on his right pinkie finger. What is the health-care provider's next care step?
- Watchful waiting
- Referral to a dermatologist for a nail biopsy
- Follow up in 2 weeks to see if there is any change
- Discussing that the condition is benign and the patient can ignore it
Explanation
A dark discoloration of a single nail, especially on the right pinkie finger, may represent subungual melanoma—a serious form of skin cancer that develops beneath the nail plate. Because this can resemble benign causes like bruising or fungal infection, a dermatology referral for a nail biopsy is critical to establish a definitive diagnosis. Early detection and treatment significantly improve prognosis, as melanoma can metastasize rapidly if left untreated.
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