APEA STU 25FL2 NUR 611 Univ Predictor Exam 111525 at St. Thomas University
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Free APEA STU 25FL2 NUR 611 Univ Predictor Exam 111525 at St. Thomas University Questions
Which of the following signs or symptoms is typical of hypothyroidism?
- A. Cold intolerance
- B. Heat intolerance
- C. Weakness
- D. Increased perspiration
Explanation
Cold intolerance (A) is a classic symptom of hypothyroidism. People with hypothyroidism have an underactive thyroid, which leads to a slower metabolism and difficulty regulating body temperature, making them more sensitive to cold. Heat intolerance (B) is typically seen in hyperthyroidism, where an overactive thyroid causes an increased metabolism and the body becomes more sensitive to heat. Weakness (C) is also common in hypothyroidism due to muscle weakness associated with the condition, but cold intolerance is more specifically associated with it. Increased perspiration (D) is generally seen in hyperthyroidism due to an elevated metabolic rate, not in hypothyroidism.
A 49-year-old male with chronic alcoholism presents with complaints of headache and poor appetite. In patients with chronic alcoholism, precursor cells cannot divide properly and large immature cells accumulate in the blood stream. The MOST likely cause of this process is:
- A - iron deficiency anemia.
- B - sideroblastic anemia.
- C - folate deficiency.
- D - drug-induced macrocytosis.
Explanation
In patients with chronic alcoholism, folate deficiency is the most likely cause of macrocytic anemia. Chronic alcohol use leads to poor dietary intake, reducing folate levels, which are necessary for the proper maturation and division of red blood cell precursors. Without adequate folate, these precursor cells cannot divide properly, causing them to accumulate in the bloodstream as large, immature cells. The macrocytic cells seen in folate deficiency are a result of impaired DNA synthesis. Folate deficiency is commonly seen in alcoholics due to malnutrition, decreased absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and liver dysfunction, further exacerbating the anemia. Symptoms like headache and poor appetite in this patient are also consistent with folate deficiency anemia.
A 15-year-old male presents with a slapped cheek appearance and complains of joint pain. Fifth disease would be confirmed by ordering a serology test for:
- A. Enterovirus
- B. Coxsackie A virus
- C. Parvovirus B19
- D. Rubeola
Explanation
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is caused by parvovirus B19. It is characterized by a "slapped cheek" rash on the face, often followed by a lacy, red rash on the body, and sometimes joint pain or swelling, especially in adolescents and adults. A serology test for parvovirus B19 would confirm the diagnosis by detecting antibodies to the virus.
Which of the following is NOT a presenting symptom of hand, foot, and mouth disease?
- A - A sore mouth or throat and loss of appetite
- B - An oral exanthem on the tongue and buccal mucosa
- C - A rash that spreads to the hands, feet, buttocks, and genitals
- D - A fever >102°F
Explanation
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness that typically presents with mild symptoms. These include a sore mouth or throat and loss of appetite (A), an oral exanthem (painful sores or ulcers) on the tongue and buccal mucosa (B), and a rash that starts on the hands and feet and may spread to the buttocks and genitals (C). However, while a fever is common in HFMD, it usually does not exceed 102°F. A fever higher than 102°F is atypical and may indicate a more serious condition, requiring further evaluation.
The nurse practitioner is educating parents of children with atopic dermatitis about interventions to prevent flareups. The LEAST effective intervention to mention would be:
- A. applying a barrier of petroleum jelly around the mouth prior to eating tomatoes or citrus fruits, to prevent localized irritation.
- B. swimming in outdoor pools during the summer.
- C. avoiding activities that cause excess sweating.
- D. avoiding foods that provoke an acute allergic reaction.
Explanation
Swimming in outdoor pools during the summer (B) is the least effective intervention to prevent flare-ups of atopic dermatitis. Chlorine in pool water can irritate sensitive skin and trigger flare-ups, especially in children with eczema. While swimming in clean water can be a good exercise for children with eczema, it is often best to avoid chlorinated pools or use barrier creams before swimming to minimize irritation.
According to guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the American Heart Association (AHA), which of the following is NOT among the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome?
- A. Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL
- B. Blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg
- C. Body mass index >30
- D. Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
Explanation
The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome include:
• Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL (A) — This indicates impaired glucose metabolism or insulin resistance.
• Blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg (B) — This criterion represents high blood pressure, a component of metabolic syndrome.
• Triglycerides >150 mg/dL (D) — Elevated triglycerides are another hallmark of metabolic syndrome.
However, body mass index (BMI) >30 (C) is not a diagnostic criterion for metabolic syndrome on its own, though obesity is a major risk factor. The criteria for metabolic syndrome include waist circumference, not just BMI. Therefore, BMI >30 is not directly listed as a diagnostic criterion in the guidelines, although it is considered an important risk factor for developing the syndrome.
Which of the following is a secondary cause of hyperlipidemia?
- A - Hypothyroidism
- B - Recent dietary excess and weight gain
- C - Lack of exercise
- D - Osteoporosis
Explanation
Hypothyroidism is a secondary cause of hyperlipidemia because it can lead to an increase in cholesterol levels. The thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, and low levels of thyroid hormone (as seen in hypothyroidism) can impair the body's ability to process lipids properly, leading to elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
The nurse practitioner needs to order a wheelchair to assist with long-term transportation in a patient with left-sided hemiparesis resulting from a cerebrovascular accident. The nurse practitioner verifies that the patient has Medicare Part A coverage only. This provides payment for:
- A - inpatient/hospital services.
- B - outpatient/clinic services.
- C - durable medical equipment.
- D - prescription drugs.
Explanation
Medicare Part A primarily covers inpatient hospital services, including care in a hospital, skilled nursing facility, hospice, and some home health care. It does not typically cover outpatient services, durable medical equipment (such as wheelchairs), or prescription drugs, which are generally covered by other parts of Medicare. Durable medical equipment like wheelchairs is covered under Medicare Part B, not Part A, which would be important for the nurse practitioner to note when verifying coverage for the patient’s long-term transportation needs.
The type of nursing leader who is comfortable making decisions without input from the team and has little tolerance for mistakes is known as a(n):
- A - servant leader
- B - democratic leader
- C - transformational leader
- D - autocratic leader
Explanation
An autocratic leader is characterized by a centralized decision-making style, where the leader makes decisions independently without seeking input from the team. This type of leader often has little tolerance for mistakes and prefers to maintain strict control over all aspects of the work. In nursing, an autocratic leader may impose their will on the team and expect compliance without much collaboration or feedback from others.
The breasts of an 11-year-old female patient are not the same size; one is larger than the other and slightly tender. This is consistent with:
- A - Tanner Stage 1.
- B - Tanner Stage 2.
- C - Tanner Stage 3.
- D - Tanner Stage 4.
Explanation
At Tanner Stage 2, also known as thelarche, breast development begins. It is common for girls to experience asymmetry in breast size, with one breast being larger than the other, which is often slightly tender. This stage marks the start of puberty, and changes in the breast tissue typically include the formation of small, palpable breast buds and tenderness due to hormonal changes. Asymmetry and tenderness are normal during this stage of development, and they usually resolve as the breasts continue to develop.
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