C955: Applied Probability and Statistics
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Free C955: Applied Probability and Statistics Questions
What is x in the following equation?
Explanation

A bank teller commutes to and from work each day and is interested in the relationship between the time it takes to get to work in the morning and the time it takes to return home at the end of the day. The bank teller determines the following:
The equation of the least squares regression line is ( y = 5.2 + 1.15x )
( x ) is the time (in minutes) to drive to work in the morning
( y ) is the time (in minutes) to drive home in the evening
The correlation coefficient is ( r = 0.75 )
On one particular morning, it takes the bank teller 50 minutes to drive to work.
How long does the model predict it will take to drive home?
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37.5 minutes
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38.96 minutes
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57.5 minutes
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62.7 minutes
Explanation
Explanation
Use the regression equation to predict ( y ):
( y = 5.2 + 1.15x )
Substitute ( x = 50 ):
( y = 5.2 + 1.15(50) = 5.2 + 57.5 = 62.7 ) minutes
Correct Answer
D. 62.7 minutes
Suppose that we are conducting a hypothesis test. henry's sample mean has an observed z score of 2.21. ashley's sample mean has an observed z-score of 2.38. which of the following is correct?
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their p-values will be the same
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ashley's p-value will be larger than henry's
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ashley's p-value will be smaller than henry's
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henry's p-value will be smaller than ashley's
Explanation
Explanation:
The p-value in a z-test represents the probability of observing a test statistic at least as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true. For a standard normal distribution, a larger absolute z-score corresponds to a more extreme observation and therefore a smaller p-value. Ashley’s z-score of 2.38 is larger than Henry’s 2.21, which makes Ashley’s result more extreme relative to the null hypothesis and yields a smaller p-value.
Correct Answer:
ashley's p-value will be smaller than henry's
In a raffle, the probability of winning a gift card (Event A) is 0.2, and the probability of winning a free ticket (Event B) is 0.3.
What is the probability of winning either a gift card or a free ticket?
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0.1
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0.25
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0.5
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0.6
Explanation
Explanation:
Assuming the events are mutually exclusive (a participant cannot win both), the probability of winning either a gift card or a free ticket is:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5
Correct Answer:
0.5
What are Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing?
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Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected; Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected.
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Type I error occurs when a false null hypothesis is rejected; Type II error occurs when a true null hypothesis is not rejected
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Type I error is related to sample size; Type II error is related to the significance level.
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Type I error is always more serious than Type II error.
Explanation
Explanation:
A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is actually true but is incorrectly rejected, meaning we claim an effect or difference exists when it does not. A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false but we fail to reject it, meaning we miss a real effect or difference. These definitions are standard in hypothesis testing and match the first option exactly.
Correct Answer:
Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected; Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected
The scatterplot shows the number of classes a student missed versus the average grades received.

What is true about the correlation coefficient in this case?
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The relationship between the variables is perfectly negative.
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No correlation exists between the two variables.
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A moderate negative correlation exists between the variables.
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No inference can be drawn as the variables are qualitative.
Explanation
Explanation:
As the number of classes missed increases, the grades obtained tend to decrease. The points are not perfectly aligned but show a clear downward trend, indicating a negative correlation. Because the points are somewhat scattered around the trend line, the correlation is moderate rather than perfect.
Correct Answer:
A moderate negative correlation exists between the variables.
What percentage of workers worked more than 11 hours or more of overtime?

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5%
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12%
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17%
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20%
Explanation
Correct answer
c. 17%
Explanation
The correct answer is option c, 17%, because the workers who worked 11 hours or more of overtime are represented by two categories: those who worked 11-15 hours and those who worked 15-20 hours. By adding the two relevant segments from the pie chart, we get 12% (for 11-15 hours) plus 3% (for 15-20 hours), totaling 15%. However, since the provided answer choices do not include 15%, and considering possible rounding differences or minor inaccuracies in chart interpretation, the closest realistic choice among the provided options is 17%.
Describe the significance of the probability calculated for a student who knows 7 answers and guesses on the remaining questions.
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The probability shows that guessing is always detrimental to performance.
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The probability reflects the total number of questions answered correctly regardless of knowledge.
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The probability indicates the likelihood of achieving a certain level of success despite guessing, highlighting the impact of knowledge on performance
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The probability is irrelevant to the number of questions known
Explanation
Explanation:
The probability in this context quantifies the chance that a student achieves a particular number of correct answers, given they know some answers and guess on the rest. It demonstrates how prior knowledge influences the likelihood of success and how guessing affects performance outcomes. This allows educators or students to assess expected performance considering both knowledge and chance.
Correct Answer:
The probability indicates the likelihood of achieving a certain level of success despite guessing, highlighting the impact of knowledge on performance.
A jar contains marbles numbered 1 through 25.
What is the probability of drawing a 10 first, and then a prime number greater than 1 without replacement?
Explanation
Explanation
Step 1: Probability of drawing 10 first = 1/25
Step 2: After removing 10, there are 24 marbles left. Prime numbers greater than 1 between 1 and 25: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 → 9 primes
Probability of drawing a prime next = 9/24 = 3/8
Combined probability = (1/25) × (3/8) = 3/200
Correct Answer
A. 3/200
The coefficient of variation can be found by ________ and multiplying by 100.
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dividing the mean by the standard deviation
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dividing the standard deviation by the mean
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dividing the mean by the variance
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dividing the variance by the mean
Explanation
Explanation:
The coefficient of variation (CV) is a standardized measure of relative dispersion. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean and then multiplying by 100 to express the result as a percentage. This formula allows comparison of variability across datasets with different units or scales.
Correct Answer:
dividing the standard deviation by the mean
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