NUR 110: Nursing Fundamentals 1
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Free NUR 110: Nursing Fundamentals 1 Questions
A nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the hospital with a phosphorus level of 2.2 mg/dL. What intervention does the nurse need to take?
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Walk the patient down the hallway
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Administer IV fluids per MD order
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Administer phosphorus supplements per MD order
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Restrict phosphorus-containing foods
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Administer phosphorus supplements per MD order.
Detailed Explanation:
A phosphorus level of 2.2 mg/dL indicates hypophosphatemia, which can lead to muscle weakness, respiratory failure, decreased cardiac output, and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. The nurse should administer oral or IV phosphorus supplements as prescribed to restore normal levels. Monitoring for improvement in muscle strength and serum phosphate levels is essential. Walking the patient or restricting phosphorus intake would worsen symptoms, while IV fluids alone do not correct the deficiency.
During an indwelling Foley catheterization of a male patient, it is important that the nurse:
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Advance the catheter to the bifurcation or "Y" level of the ports.
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Instruct the patient to contract or squeeze his/her pelvic muscles.
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Pull back the catheter 1" after urine appears in the tube prior to inflating the balloon.
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Advance the catheter 1–2" after urine appears in the tube prior to inflating the balloon
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Advance the catheter to the bifurcation or "Y" level of the ports.
Detailed Explanation:
When inserting a Foley catheter in a male patient, the nurse must advance the catheter all the way to the bifurcation (the “Y” site) before inflating the balloon. This ensures the balloon is fully inside the bladder and not inflated in the urethra, which could cause severe trauma and pain. Because the male urethra is long, partial insertion can easily lead to incorrect balloon inflation and complications.
A patient is hypercalcemic. As part of his treatment, the nurse would expect to:
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Hydrate the patient.
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Administer vitamin D.
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Increase intake of dairy products.
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Administer IV sodium bicarbonate.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Hydrate the patient.
Detailed Explanation:
Hydration is the first-line treatment for hypercalcemia because it helps dilute calcium levels in the blood and promotes renal excretion of excess calcium through increased urine output. Intravenous normal saline is typically administered to restore fluid balance and prevent kidney stones. Vitamin D and dairy products would worsen hypercalcemia by raising calcium levels further, while sodium bicarbonate is not indicated for calcium regulation. Maintaining hydration helps protect kidney function and safely lower calcium levels.
As the nurse assesses her patient's lab values, which of the following serum levels would require immediate intervention?
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Sodium 140 mEq/L
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Magnesium 0.8 mEq/L
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Chloride 107 mEq/L
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Potassium 3.6 mEq/L
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Magnesium 0.8 mEq/L
Detailed Explanation:
A magnesium level of 0.8 mEq/L is critically low and indicates hypomagnesemia, which requires immediate intervention. Normal serum magnesium ranges from 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L. Severe magnesium deficiency can cause muscle tremors, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and increased neuromuscular excitability. It may also potentiate digitalis toxicity and hypocalcemia. Prompt correction through magnesium replacement and close cardiac monitoring is necessary to prevent life-threatening complications. The other electrolyte values are within normal limits and do not require urgent action.
A client weighs 72.5 kg. She has a medication prescribed with a maximum daily dosage of 80 mg/kg/day. What is the maximum number of mg this client can receive per day? (TYPE NUMBERS ONLY; Round to nearest whole number.)
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5,200
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5,600
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5,800
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6,000
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. 5,800
Detailed Explanation:
Calculate maximum daily dose by multiplying weight by dose: 72.5 kg × 80 mg/kg/day = 5,800 mg/day. Because this product is already a whole number, rounding to the nearest whole number remains 5,800. This represents the maximum number of milligrams the client can safely receive in 24 hours based on the prescribed limit of 80 mg per kilogram per day.
The client is admitted to the nurse's unit with a diagnosis of heart failure. His heart is not pumping effectively, which is resulting in edema and coarse crackles in his lungs. The term for this condition is:
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Fluid volume deficit
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Fluid volume excess
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Myocardial infarction
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Atelectasis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Fluid volume excess
Detailed Explanation:
In heart failure, the heart’s decreased pumping efficiency leads to poor circulation and fluid accumulation in the lungs and peripheral tissues. This results in pulmonary congestion, manifested as coarse crackles, and peripheral edema. The condition is known as fluid volume excess or hypervolemia. Excess fluid overloads the vascular system, causing increased venous pressure and leakage into interstitial spaces. Management includes diuretics, fluid restriction, and monitoring of daily weights to prevent complications such as pulmonary edema.
A client weighing 11.5 kg has an order for cimetidine 5mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours. How many mL should the nurse administer in each dose? (TYPE NUMBERS ONLY; Examine medication label. Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
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0.3 mL
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0.5 mL
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1.0 mL
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1.5 mL
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. 0.5 mL
Detailed Explanation:
First, calculate the total daily dose: 5 mg × 11.5 kg = 57.5 mg/day. Since the medication is given every 12 hours, divide the daily dose by 2 to get 28.75 mg per dose. The concentration is 300 mg per 5 mL. Using the ratio formula (28.75 × 5) ÷ 300 = 0.48 mL, which rounds to 0.5 mL per dose. The nurse should administer 0.5 mL every 12 hours.
A nurse is working on a medical-surgical unit. Four calls come to the nurses' station with requests for the nurse at the same time. Reflection, in this instance, should be to:
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Discuss emotions about the unsuccessful resuscitation
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Plan for how future resuscitation attempts might be improved
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Determine why the patient did not survive
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Identify individuals who might not have performed their roles correctly
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Discuss emotions about the unsuccessful resuscitation.
Detailed Explanation:
After an emotionally intense event such as an unsuccessful resuscitation, reflective practice focuses on emotional processing and self-awareness rather than assigning blame or immediate performance analysis. Discussing emotions helps nurses manage grief, stress, and moral distress, promoting resilience and preventing burnout. Once emotions are acknowledged, the team can later evaluate performance constructively. Reflection is intended to foster growth, empathy, and emotional balance, not to criticize or identify fault among team members.
A report on a group of clients is being given to a nurse. The nurse should see which of the following clients first, according to the ABCDE priority framework?
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A client who is scheduled for discharge and has become febrile this morning.
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A client who has early dementia and awoke confused to their location this morning.
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A client who has pneumonia and has developed wheezing.
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A client who is postoperative and has a urine output of 50 mL for the past 4 hours.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. A client who has pneumonia and has developed wheezing.
Detailed Explanation:
The ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) framework prioritizes airway and breathing issues first. Wheezing in a client with pneumonia indicates narrowing of the airways and potential respiratory compromise, which can rapidly lead to hypoxia or respiratory failure. This client requires immediate assessment and possible interventions such as oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, or airway support. The other clients are stable or have non-life-threatening conditions that can be safely addressed afterward.
The nurse is prepping her client for a trip to the operating room. The nurse anticipates that the physician will order which IV fluid:
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10% Dextrose
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3% NaCl
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Lactated Ringers
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0.45% NaCl
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Lactated Ringers
Detailed Explanation:
Lactated Ringer’s solution is the preferred isotonic fluid used before, during, and after surgery. It closely resembles the body’s extracellular fluid composition and helps maintain intravascular volume, electrolyte balance, and tissue perfusion during surgery. It also contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which acts as a buffer to prevent metabolic acidosis. Hypertonic or hypotonic fluids like 10% Dextrose, 3% NaCl, and 0.45% NaCl are inappropriate for surgical fluid replacement.
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