NUR 110: Nursing Fundamentals 1
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Free NUR 110: Nursing Fundamentals 1 Questions
A nurse is preparing a patient for discharge home and is teaching them how to change their wound dressing. What is the best way to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching session?
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Have the patient demonstrate removing the dressing and applying a new one.
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Give the patient a multiple-choice quiz on the content taught.
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Ask the patient to repeat all the steps of the procedure and rationale for each.
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Ask the patient whether or not the instructions were clear.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Have the patient demonstrate removing the dressing and applying a new one.
Detailed Explanation:
The most effective way to evaluate teaching, especially for psychomotor skills like wound care, is through return demonstration. By having the patient perform the dressing change, the nurse can directly observe their technique, identify any errors, and provide immediate correction. This ensures that the patient can safely perform the task at home and helps reinforce learning through practice.
A client is taking a diuretic that increases urinary output. What nursing concern is appropriate to base an educational plan?
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Urinary retention
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Decreased fluid volume risk
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Altered skin integrity
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Altered urinary elimination
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Decreased fluid volume risk
Detailed Explanation:
Diuretics increase urine production, which can lead to excessive fluid loss if not properly monitored. The primary nursing concern is the risk of decreased fluid volume, which may manifest as dehydration, hypotension, dizziness, weakness, or electrolyte imbalances. Teaching should include maintaining adequate fluid intake, monitoring for signs of dehydration, checking blood pressure regularly, and reporting symptoms such as lightheadedness or muscle cramps. This helps prevent complications related to fluid and electrolyte depletion.
A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for a client with dementia who is upset over not being able to find their spouse, who passed away years ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
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Take the client for a walk and ask them to talk about their family.
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Administer alprazolam (anti-anxiety medication) to decrease their anxiety.
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Administer olanzapine (mood stabilizer medication) to decrease their agitation.
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Take the client to their room so they will not upset others.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Take the client for a walk and ask them to talk about their family.
Detailed Explanation:
Clients with dementia often experience confusion and emotional distress due to memory loss. The nurse’s first priority is to use therapeutic communication and redirection rather than confrontation or sedation. Taking the client for a walk and encouraging discussion about family helps reduce anxiety and provides comfort through reminiscence therapy. This approach supports emotional well-being, maintains dignity, and promotes trust, avoiding unnecessary medication or isolation, which could worsen agitation or confusion.
A nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the hospital with a phosphorus level of 2.2 mg/dL. What intervention does the nurse need to take?
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Walk the patient down the hallway
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Administer IV fluids per MD order
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Administer phosphorus supplements per MD order
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Restrict phosphorus-containing foods
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Administer phosphorus supplements per MD order.
Detailed Explanation:
A phosphorus level of 2.2 mg/dL indicates hypophosphatemia, which can lead to muscle weakness, respiratory failure, decreased cardiac output, and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. The nurse should administer oral or IV phosphorus supplements as prescribed to restore normal levels. Monitoring for improvement in muscle strength and serum phosphate levels is essential. Walking the patient or restricting phosphorus intake would worsen symptoms, while IV fluids alone do not correct the deficiency.
Which nursing interventions are appropriate to include in a plan of care to promote sleep for patients who are hospitalized? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
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Instruct them to take a long walk an hour before bedtime.
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Arrange with laboratory to draw blood outside of sleep hours.
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Encourage patients to fall asleep while watching television.
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Close the door to patients' rooms at bedtime.
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Provide a warm green tea or coffee with evening meal.
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
B. Arrange with laboratory to draw blood outside of sleep hours.
D. Close the door to patients' rooms at bedtime.
Detailed Explanation:
B. Arrange with laboratory to draw blood outside of sleep hours.
Sleep in hospitalized patients is often interrupted by routine procedures, such as vital sign checks or blood draws. Scheduling these activities outside normal sleeping hours helps minimize unnecessary disturbances. This approach supports a consistent sleep-wake cycle, reduces fatigue, and promotes faster recovery by allowing patients to rest without frequent interruptions during the night.
D. Close the door to patients' rooms at bedtime.
Environmental control is crucial for promoting sleep in a hospital setting. Closing the door at bedtime helps reduce hallway noise, light exposure, and interruptions from staff or other patients. A quiet, dark environment encourages melatonin release and fosters deeper, more restorative sleep. This small intervention can significantly improve rest and overall patient well-being.
A newborn client weighs 8 pounds, 2 oz. Convert this weight to kilograms. (TYPE NUMBERS ONLY. Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
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3.5
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3.7
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3.8
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4.0
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. 3.7
First, convert the weight entirely to ounces.
8 pounds × 16 oz/lb = 128 oz
Add the extra 2 oz → 128 + 2 = 130 oz
Now convert ounces to kilograms.
1 oz = 28.3495 grams, so:
130 oz × 28.3495 g/oz = 3685.435 g
Convert grams to kilograms:
3685.435 g ÷ 1000 = 3.685435 kg
Round to the nearest tenth:
3.7 kg
Final answer:
3.7
A nurse is preparing for a teaching session with a patient who has recently been diagnosed with narcolepsy. Which activity indicates the assessment phase of teaching?
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Determining the patient's health literacy level
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Selecting an appropriate video about narcolepsy for the patient
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Recommending the patient attend a support group
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Discussing the option of behavioral therapy to control symptoms
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Determining the patient's health literacy level.
Detailed Explanation:
The assessment phase of the teaching process involves gathering information about the patient’s learning needs, abilities, readiness, and preferences. By determining the patient’s health literacy level, the nurse assesses how well the patient can understand and apply health information—crucial for planning effective education. Selecting teaching materials, recommending support groups, and discussing therapies occur during the planning or implementation phases, after assessment data have been collected.
A client weighs 72.5 kg. She has a medication prescribed with a maximum daily dosage of 80 mg/kg/day. What is the maximum number of mg this client can receive per day? (TYPE NUMBERS ONLY; Round to nearest whole number.)
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5,200
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5,600
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5,800
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6,000
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. 5,800
Detailed Explanation:
Calculate maximum daily dose by multiplying weight by dose: 72.5 kg × 80 mg/kg/day = 5,800 mg/day. Because this product is already a whole number, rounding to the nearest whole number remains 5,800. This represents the maximum number of milligrams the client can safely receive in 24 hours based on the prescribed limit of 80 mg per kilogram per day.
A nurse is evaluating a nursing assistive personnel's (NAP) care for a client with an indwelling catheter. Which action by the NAP will cause the nurse to intervene?
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Placing the drainage bag in the bed
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Kinking the catheter tubing to obtain a urine specimen
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Securing the catheter tubing to the patient’s thigh
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Emptying the drainage bag when half full
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Placing the drainage bag in the bed.
Detailed Explanation:
The drainage bag should always be kept below the level of the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine, which can introduce bacteria and cause a urinary tract infection. Placing the bag in the bed increases the risk of contamination and infection. The other actions—securing the catheter tubing, preventing kinks, and emptying the bag when half full—are correct practices that promote comfort, safety, and infection control for clients with indwelling catheters.
A client weighing 11.5 kg has an order for cimetidine 5mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours. How many mL should the nurse administer in each dose? (TYPE NUMBERS ONLY; Examine medication label. Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
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0.3 mL
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0.5 mL
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1.0 mL
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1.5 mL
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. 0.5 mL
Detailed Explanation:
First, calculate the total daily dose: 5 mg × 11.5 kg = 57.5 mg/day. Since the medication is given every 12 hours, divide the daily dose by 2 to get 28.75 mg per dose. The concentration is 300 mg per 5 mL. Using the ratio formula (28.75 × 5) ÷ 300 = 0.48 mL, which rounds to 0.5 mL per dose. The nurse should administer 0.5 mL every 12 hours.
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