NUR 110: Nursing Fundamentals 1
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Free NUR 110: Nursing Fundamentals 1 Questions
A nurse is working with an older adult and educating the client on how to ambulate with the aid of a walker. The nurse notes that the client appears disengaged and the client states, "I'm just too old to learn." What would be most appropriate for the nurse to do to motivate this client?
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Tell the client how to move the walker as the client ambulates.
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Describe how the walker can improve the client's quality of life.
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Explain how the walker supports the client's lower extremities.
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Fully discuss the rationale for using the walker.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Describe how the walker can improve the client's quality of life.
Detailed Explanation:
Linking the skill to meaningful outcomes activates motivation in adult learners. By emphasizing how the walker supports independence, reduces fall risk, enables participation in valued activities, and may decrease pain, fatigue, and caregiver burden, the nurse addresses the client’s belief of being “too old” with hopeful, relevant benefits. This approach builds self-efficacy, counters internalized ageism, and invites goal setting (“walk safely to the garden daily”). Once the client sees personal value, readiness to learn improves, after which step-by-step instruction, demonstration, practice, and teach-back will be more effective.
A client weighing 11.5 kg has an order for cimetidine 5mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours. How many mL should the nurse administer in each dose? (TYPE NUMBERS ONLY; Examine medication label. Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
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0.3 mL
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0.5 mL
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1.0 mL
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1.5 mL
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. 0.5 mL
Detailed Explanation:
First, calculate the total daily dose: 5 mg × 11.5 kg = 57.5 mg/day. Since the medication is given every 12 hours, divide the daily dose by 2 to get 28.75 mg per dose. The concentration is 300 mg per 5 mL. Using the ratio formula (28.75 × 5) ÷ 300 = 0.48 mL, which rounds to 0.5 mL per dose. The nurse should administer 0.5 mL every 12 hours.
The nurse is prepping her client for a trip to the operating room. The nurse anticipates that the physician will order which IV fluid:
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10% Dextrose
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3% NaCl
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Lactated Ringers
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0.45% NaCl
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Lactated Ringers
Detailed Explanation:
Lactated Ringer’s solution is the preferred isotonic fluid used before, during, and after surgery. It closely resembles the body’s extracellular fluid composition and helps maintain intravascular volume, electrolyte balance, and tissue perfusion during surgery. It also contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which acts as a buffer to prevent metabolic acidosis. Hypertonic or hypotonic fluids like 10% Dextrose, 3% NaCl, and 0.45% NaCl are inappropriate for surgical fluid replacement.
A client reads the nutritional chart and follows it accurately. The nurse also notes that the client understands the need for a balanced diet and its relationship with a quick recovery. In which domain is the client demonstrating successful learning?
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Affective
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Psychomotor
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Interpersonal
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Cognitive
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
D. Cognitive
Detailed Explanation:
The cognitive domain involves acquiring and demonstrating knowledge, comprehension, and critical thinking. By reading the nutritional chart and understanding how a balanced diet promotes faster recovery, the client is applying learned information to health behaviors. This shows comprehension and the ability to make informed decisions. The affective domain relates to emotions and attitudes, while the psychomotor domain involves physical skills, and the interpersonal domain focuses on social interactions rather than knowledge-based understanding.
A client is taking a diuretic that increases urinary output. What nursing concern is appropriate to base an educational plan?
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Urinary retention
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Decreased fluid volume risk
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Altered skin integrity
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Altered urinary elimination
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Decreased fluid volume risk
Detailed Explanation:
Diuretics increase urine production, which can lead to excessive fluid loss if not properly monitored. The primary nursing concern is the risk of decreased fluid volume, which may manifest as dehydration, hypotension, dizziness, weakness, or electrolyte imbalances. Teaching should include maintaining adequate fluid intake, monitoring for signs of dehydration, checking blood pressure regularly, and reporting symptoms such as lightheadedness or muscle cramps. This helps prevent complications related to fluid and electrolyte depletion.
A client has a health care provider's order for NPO (nothing by mouth) following abdominal surgery to repair a bowel obstruction. The client has a nasogastric tube inserted to low intermittent suction. The client requires intravenous therapy for what purpose?
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Replace fluid and electrolytes
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Administer blood products
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Provide protein supplements
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Treat the client’s infection
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
A. Replace fluid and electrolytes.
Detailed Explanation:
After abdominal surgery with an NPO order and nasogastric suction, the client loses fluids and electrolytes through gastric drainage and cannot take anything orally. Intravenous therapy maintains hydration and electrolyte balance until normal gastrointestinal function resumes. This prevents complications such as dehydration, hypovolemia, and electrolyte imbalances. Blood products or antibiotics are given only when specifically ordered, and protein supplements are not appropriate for IV administration unless total parenteral nutrition is prescribed.
The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
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A 47-year-old who had a colon resection yesterday and is reporting pain
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A 20-year-old 2 days postoperative who refuses to ambulate
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A newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools
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A 60-year-old who is 3 days post–myocardial infarction and has been stable
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. A newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools.
Detailed Explanation:
Using the ABCs and safety prioritization framework, the newly admitted 88-year-old client with vomiting and diarrhea is at the greatest risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and hypovolemic shock due to age-related vulnerability. This situation requires immediate assessment of hydration status, vital signs, and laboratory values. The other clients are stable or experiencing expected postoperative issues that can be addressed after the acute risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance is evaluated.
A client has recently been diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the doctor prescribes a CPAP at night. What education would the nurse provide about the rationale for needing this device?
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Negative air pressure holds the airways closed.
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Delivery of oxygen facilitates respiratory effort.
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Positive air pressure holds the airway open.
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Alternating waves of air stimulate breathing
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
C. Positive air pressure holds the airway open.
Detailed Explanation:
A Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device delivers a constant stream of positive pressure to the upper airway, preventing airway collapse during sleep. This maintains airway patency, enhances oxygenation, and reduces episodes of apnea and snoring. CPAP does not deliver oxygen unless ordered; instead, it keeps the airway open for normal breathing. It is the standard treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, improving sleep quality, reducing daytime fatigue, and preventing cardiovascular complications.
The nurse is providing care to a hospitalized client who is not sure what the health problem is or what will be done. The nurse teaches the client the "Ask Me 3" questions and tells the client to ask these questions when the primary care provider visits. What are the "Ask Me 3" questions? (Select all that apply.)
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When will I be discharged?
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Will I require surgery?
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Why is it important for me to do this?
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What do I need to do?
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Is this contagious?
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What is my main problem?
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
C. Why is it important for me to do this?, D. What do I need to do?, and F. What is my main problem?
C. Why is it important for me to do this?
This question helps the client understand the purpose and significance of the treatment or intervention. Knowing why something must be done motivates the client to comply with the care plan and supports better health outcomes. Understanding the rationale behind actions promotes informed decision-making and adherence to medical advice.
D. What do I need to do?
This question clarifies the specific steps or actions the client must take for effective treatment and recovery. It allows the client to understand responsibilities such as taking medications, performing exercises, or following dietary restrictions. By knowing what to do, the client becomes an active participant in their own care.
F. What is my main problem?
This question allows the client to clearly identify their primary diagnosis or health issue. Understanding the main problem gives the client context for the treatment plan and helps them make sense of symptoms, procedures, and medical advice. It ensures that the client comprehends the reason for hospitalization and ongoing care needs.
The client is admitted to the nurse's unit with a diagnosis of heart failure. His heart is not pumping effectively, which is resulting in edema and coarse crackles in his lungs. The term for this condition is:
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Fluid volume deficit
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Fluid volume excess
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Myocardial infarction
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Atelectasis
Explanation
The Correct Answer is:
B. Fluid volume excess
Detailed Explanation:
In heart failure, the heart’s decreased pumping efficiency leads to poor circulation and fluid accumulation in the lungs and peripheral tissues. This results in pulmonary congestion, manifested as coarse crackles, and peripheral edema. The condition is known as fluid volume excess or hypervolemia. Excess fluid overloads the vascular system, causing increased venous pressure and leakage into interstitial spaces. Management includes diuretics, fluid restriction, and monitoring of daily weights to prevent complications such as pulmonary edema.
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