D385 Software Security and Testing
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Free D385 Software Security and Testing Questions
How does a signature-based IDS work?
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It uses predefined policies or characteristics that it watches for to determine if an attack is occurring
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It uses artificial intelligence to attempt to reason about the current state of the network and determine if an attack is occurring
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It scans all incoming traffic to see if any of the TCP segments are the start of a new connection. If so, the segments are dropped
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None of the above
Explanation
A signature-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) works by using predefined signatures or patterns that correspond to known types of malicious activity or attacks. When network traffic matches one of these signatures, the IDS raises an alert. This method is effective at detecting known threats but cannot identify new or modified attacks that lack a matching signature.
Which of the following best describes signature-based detection?
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Compare source code, looking for events or sets of events that could cause damage to a system or network.
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Compare system activity for the behaviour patterns of new attacks.
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Compare system activity, looking for events or sets of events that match a predefined pattern of events that describe a known attack.
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Compare network nodes looking for objects or sets of objects that match a predefined pattern of objects that may describe a known attack.
Explanation
Signature-based detection identifies threats by comparing system or network activity against a database of known attack patterns or “signatures.” Each known threat has a unique signature that allows security tools, such as antivirus programs or intrusion detection systems, to quickly detect and respond to familiar attacks. However, this method cannot detect new or unknown threats without existing signatures.
Which type of software is specifically designed to monitor and filter incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access to a network?
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Antivirus Software
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Firewall Software
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Data Loss Prevention Software
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Encryption Tools
Explanation
Firewall software serves as a security barrier that monitors and filters both incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Its main purpose is to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network while allowing legitimate communication. Firewalls can be hardware- or software-based and are essential for protecting systems against external threats and unauthorized intrusions.
What is the primary function of an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) in network security?
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To encrypt sensitive data during transmission
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To monitor and analyze network traffic for potential threats
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To manage user access rights within a network
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To provide antivirus protection against malware
Explanation
An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is a network security device that actively monitors and analyzes network traffic to detect and prevent potential threats in real time. Unlike passive systems that only alert administrators, an IPS can automatically block, drop, or modify malicious traffic to stop attacks such as exploits, denial-of-service attempts, and malware communication before they cause harm.
How can white box tests be applied during component testing?
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By verifying that all work process flows are covered.
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By verifying that statement coverage and code decision coverage for all paths in the code is achieved.
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By verifying that all web page navigations are covered.
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By verifying that large volumes of data can be successfully transferred between components.
Explanation
White box testing focuses on the internal logic and structure of the code. During component testing, it can be applied by verifying statement and decision coverage for all paths in the code, ensuring that each line and condition behaves as expected. This helps identify logical errors, unreachable code, and missing conditions early in the development cycle.
If it is impractical to place guest users in a secure network isolated from the production network by firewall barriers, then what should be done?
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Guest users should be denied any and all forms of access.
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Unrestricted access and permissions will be the only realistic way to handle guest users.
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Guest users should be encouraged to use USB ports and CD drives rather than the network.
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Specific areas of access should be determined and they should be as restrictive as possible.
Explanation
When isolation of guest users through firewalls is not feasible, the best approach is to implement highly restrictive access controls. This means defining specific areas or resources that guest users can access and blocking access to all sensitive systems and data. Restricting permissions minimizes risk exposure and ensures that guest users can perform necessary functions without jeopardizing network security.
What is the primary function of real-time scanning in cybersecurity software?
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To perform scheduled scans of the system
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To actively monitor and eliminate malware as it appears
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To analyze network traffic for unauthorized access
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To encrypt sensitive data before transmission
Explanation
The primary function of real-time scanning in cybersecurity software is to actively monitor and eliminate malware as it appears on the system. This means the antivirus or endpoint protection software continuously checks files, downloads, and processes as they are accessed or created, immediately detecting and blocking malicious activity to prevent infection or damage.
Which IDS system uses a baseline of normal activity and then sends an alert if the activity deviates significantly from this baseline?
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System-based IDS
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Anomaly-based IDS
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Host-based IDS
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Network-based IDS
Explanation
An Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) establishes a baseline of normal system or network activity and continuously monitors for deviations from this pattern. If activity significantly differs from the baseline—such as unusual login times or unexpected data transfers—the system generates an alert. This type of IDS can detect unknown or zero-day attacks that signature-based systems might miss.
What is the primary purpose of implementing Guest Networking Access in a network environment?
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To provide unrestricted access to all users
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To manage and limit access rights of guest users
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To enhance the speed of the network
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To eliminate the need for firewalls
Explanation
The main purpose of Guest Networking Access is to manage and limit the access rights of guest users who need temporary connectivity. It allows guests to use the internet or specific network services while restricting their ability to reach sensitive internal systems or data. This segmentation ensures convenience for visitors while maintaining strong security boundaries within the organization’s network.
What is the primary function of Data Loss Prevention (DLP) software in cybersecurity?
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To encrypt sensitive data during transmission
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To monitor network traffic for unauthorized access
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To identify and prevent unauthorized data transfers
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To provide multi-factor authentication for user access
Explanation
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) software is designed to identify, monitor, and prevent the unauthorized transfer or leakage of sensitive information outside an organization. It scans emails, network traffic, and storage systems for confidential data such as personal information or intellectual property, ensuring that it is not shared inappropriately. DLP solutions help organizations comply with data protection regulations and protect against insider threats.
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