C371 Concepts in Science
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Free C371 Concepts in Science Questions
Which of the following is a vital function that roots perform for a plant?
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Conduct photosynthesis
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Anchor plants to the ground
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Allow the plant to move in response to stimuli
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Absorb CO2 from between soil particles
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Uptake atmospheric nitrogen
Explanation
Explanation
Roots are essential for anchoring plants securely in the soil, providing stability and support. Additionally, roots absorb water and essential nutrients from the soil to support plant growth. While photosynthesis occurs in leaves, and movement in response to stimuli is a function of shoots or leaves, anchoring is a primary vital role of roots. They do not absorb CO2 for photosynthesis, nor do they directly uptake atmospheric nitrogen without symbiotic relationships.
Correct Answer
Anchor plants to the ground
Reasoning is __________.
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The linking material between a claim and its support
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Viewing an argument through a certain emotional frame
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Connecting a speaker to an audience
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None of these
Explanation
Explanation
Reasoning serves as the link between a claim and the supporting evidence in an argument. It explains why the evidence is relevant and how it justifies the claim, ensuring the argument is logical and persuasive. Unlike emotional framing or audience connection, reasoning focuses on the logical relationship between claim and evidence.
Correct Answer
The linking material between a claim and its support
A typical galaxy is a
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Relatively small, icy object orbiting a star
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System consisting of one or a few stars orbited by planets, moons and smaller objects
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Collection of a few million or more stars, bound together by gravity
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Large, glowing ball of gas powered by nuclear energy
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Nearby object orbiting a planet
Explanation
Explanation
A galaxy is a massive system composed of millions or even billions of stars, along with gas, dust, and dark matter, all bound together by gravity. It is far larger than individual star systems or planets. Objects like comets, stars with orbiting planets, and planets themselves do not constitute galaxies. Large glowing balls of gas refer to individual stars, not collections of stars, making the correct definition the massive collection bound by gravity.
Correct Answer
Collection of a few million or more stars, bound together by gravity
Which of the following technologies releases the least amount of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide?
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Coal combustion
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Burning of oil
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Natural gas combustion
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Nuclear energy
Explanation
Explanation
Nuclear energy generates electricity through nuclear fission without burning fossil fuels, so it does not produce carbon dioxide during operation. In contrast, coal, oil, and natural gas combustion release significant amounts of CO2, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Among these options, nuclear energy is the cleanest in terms of carbon dioxide emissions.
Correct Answer
Nuclear energy
Which phrase best defines a galaxy?
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Tightly packed group of older stars
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Large grouping of more than two stars
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Loose, disorganized star cluster held together by gravity
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Large collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
Explanation
Explanation
A galaxy is a massive system composed of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter, all bound together by gravity. Galaxies can contain millions or billions of stars along with various star systems and interstellar matter. Unlike small star clusters, a galaxy is vast and organized by gravitational forces, making “a large collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity” the most accurate description.
Correct Answer
Large collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
Which of the following factors primarily influences the variation in climate experienced by different regions on Earth throughout the year?
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The Earth's distance from the Sun
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The tilt of Earth's rotational axis
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The presence of mountain ranges
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The rotation speed of Earth
Explanation
Explanation
Seasonal climate variations are primarily caused by the tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis (approximately 23.5°). This tilt changes the angle at which sunlight strikes different parts of the Earth throughout the year, leading to variations in temperature and daylight. While mountain ranges, rotation speed, and distance from the Sun can influence local weather or overall climate patterns, the axial tilt is the main factor responsible for the seasonal differences in climate.
Correct Answer
The tilt of Earth's rotational axis
Which statement best describes why a liver cell and a skin cell have such a dramatically different appearance and function, even if both cells are part of the same organism?
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DNA directs the synthesis of the same mRNA molecules in both cell types, but some of the mRNAs are converted to ribosomes instead of proteins in the skin cells.
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Hormone messages are converted into different messenger RNA molecules in each cell type, which causes differences between the cell types.
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Although the DNA is the same in both cell types, only a subset of the genes in each cell's nucleus are transcribed to mRNA and translated into protein. This difference in the kinds of proteins made in each cell accounts for the differences in the cell types.
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The different proteins in each cell direct changes in the genetic material in the different cell types. The changed genetic material locks in the differences between the cells.
Explanation
Explanation
Although all cells in an organism contain the same DNA, different cell types express only specific subsets of genes. This selective gene expression results in the production of proteins unique to each cell type, which determines the cell’s structure and function. Liver cells produce proteins for detoxification and metabolism, while skin cells produce proteins for protection and barrier functions. The difference in protein production explains the varied appearance and function of these cells.
Correct Answer
Although the DNA is the same in both cell types, only a subset of the genes in each cell's nucleus are transcribed to mRNA and translated into protein. This difference in the kinds of proteins made in each cell accounts for the differences in the cell types.
A constant force is applied to a body that is already moving. The force is directed at an angle of 60 degrees to the direction of the body's velocity. What is most likely to happen is that
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The body will stop moving
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The body will move in the direction of the force.
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The body's velocity will increase in magnitude but not change direction.
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The body will gradually change direction more and more toward that of the force while speeding up.
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The body will first stop moving and then move in the direction of the force.
Explanation
Explanation
When a force is applied at an angle to a moving body, it has components both along and perpendicular to the velocity. The component along the velocity changes the speed, while the perpendicular component changes the direction. Because the force is not directly opposite or aligned with the velocity, the body will gradually change direction toward the force while speeding up, combining both acceleration and directional change.
Correct Answer
The body will gradually change direction more and more toward that of the force while speeding up
What occurs when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons?
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It becomes a positive ion
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It remains neutral
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It becomes a negative ion
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It loses protons
Explanation
Explanation
When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, it acquires extra negative charges, resulting in a negatively charged ion called an anion. The number of protons in the nucleus remains unchanged, so the overall charge becomes negative. Gaining electrons does not make the atom positive or neutral, and the protons are not lost in this process.
Correct Answer
It becomes a negative ion
Out of these assertions, which is true?
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Salt water is denser than freshwater, and freezes at a higher temperature than freshwater
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Salt water is less dense than freshwater, and freezes at a higher temperature than freshwater
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Salt water is denser than freshwater, and freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater
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Salt water less dense than freshwater, and freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater
Explanation
Explanation
Salt water contains dissolved salts, which increase its density compared to freshwater. The presence of salt lowers the freezing point of water, meaning salt water freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater. This is why oceans do not freeze as easily as lakes or rivers. The combination of higher density and lower freezing point makes the third statement correct.
Correct Answer
Salt water is denser than freshwater, and freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater
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