C371 Concepts in Science
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Free C371 Concepts in Science Questions
What does a triple-beam balance require the user to do?
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Add the numbers from the three sliders to determine the mass of an object
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Multiply the numbers from the three sliders to determine the mass of an object
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Add the numbers from the three sliders to determine the volume of an object
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Multiply the numbers from the three sliders to determine the volume of an object
Explanation
Explanation
A triple-beam balance measures the mass of an object by using three sliding weights (sliders) on separate beams. To determine the total mass, the user reads the values from all three sliders and adds them together. This sum represents the mass of the object. Volume is not measured directly with a triple-beam balance, and multiplication of the slider values is not part of the procedure.
Correct Answer
Add the numbers from the three sliders to determine the mass of an object
If a sound source moves rapidly towards the observer, audible frequency (pitch) will:
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Increase
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Has no change
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Decrease
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With both increase and decrease
Explanation
Explanation
The Doppler effect causes the observed frequency of a wave to change based on the relative motion of the source and observer. When a sound source moves toward an observer, the sound waves are compressed, leading to a higher frequency and a higher perceived pitch. The opposite occurs when the source moves away, causing a lower pitch. Therefore, as the source approaches, the pitch increases.
Correct Answer
Increase
In cellular respiration, stored chemical energy in...
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Organic molecules is converted to ATP molecules
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ATP molecules is used to build NADH molecule
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ATP is used to make organic molecules like glucose
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ATP and NADH is converted to carbohydrate molecules
Explanation
Explanation
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells extract energy from organic molecules, such as glucose, and convert it into ATP, the energy currency of the cell. ATP stores and provides energy for cellular activities. NADH is an electron carrier produced during the process, but the primary conversion is from chemical energy in organic molecules to ATP. The other options describe processes that do not reflect the main energy transfer in cellular respiration.
Correct Answer
Organic molecules is converted to ATP molecules
The two factors that contribute most directly to seasonality are...?
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Tilt of the Earth's axis; The Earth's daily rotation
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Tilt of the Earth's axis; Air Channels
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The Earth's daily rotation; The Earth's orbital path
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Tilt of the Earth's axis; The Earth's orbital path
Explanation
Explanation
Seasonal changes on Earth are primarily caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis (approximately 23.5 degrees) relative to its orbital plane and the Earth’s revolution around the Sun. The axial tilt determines the intensity and distribution of sunlight on different regions, while the orbit around the Sun changes the position of the Earth relative to the Sun throughout the year. Daily rotation affects day and night but not seasons, and air channels do not directly create seasons.
Correct Answer
Tilt of the Earth's axis; The Earth's orbital path
The energy-transfer molecule formed in cell respiration is:
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DNA
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Protein
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Glucose
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ATP
Explanation
Explanation
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert nutrients, primarily glucose, into usable energy. This energy is stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which cells use to power various biological functions. While DNA carries genetic information and proteins perform structural and enzymatic roles, and glucose serves as the fuel, ATP is the direct energy-transfer molecule produced during respiration, making it essential for cellular activities.
Correct Answer
ATP
Which of the following factors is most likely to decrease as depth increases in the open ocean?
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Oxygen levels
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Pressure
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Salinity
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Nutrient availability
Explanation
Explanation
Oxygen levels generally decrease with increasing depth in the ocean, especially below the photic zone, due to reduced photosynthesis and consumption by decomposing organic matter. Pressure and salinity typically increase or remain stable with depth, and nutrient availability often increases in deeper layers due to decomposition. Therefore, oxygen is the factor most likely to decrease as depth increases.
Correct Answer
Oxygen levels
Which of these best describes the asthenosphere inside of the Earth's mantle?
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It is not quite liquid or solid, similar in texture to toothpaste
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It is molten liquid metal
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It is solid due to the extreme pressure of the Earth's other layers smashing down on it
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It is a firm, rocky outer layer
Explanation
Explanation
The asthenosphere is a layer of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere that behaves like a plastic or viscous solid. It is not fully solid nor fully liquid, allowing it to slowly flow and deform under stress, which facilitates the movement of tectonic plates above it. It is distinct from molten liquid metal or the rigid lithosphere, and its texture has been likened to soft, flowing toothpaste.
Correct Answer
It is not quite liquid or solid, similar in texture to toothpaste
The Sun is composed of
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Mostly Hydrogen and Helium
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Mostly Silicon, the most common element on Earth
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Almost all Hydrogen
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Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen
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Mostly Hydrogen and Oxygen
Explanation
Explanation
The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen (about 70% by mass) and helium (about 28% by mass), with the remaining 2% consisting of heavier elements. Hydrogen serves as the fuel for nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core, producing energy that powers the Sun and supports life on Earth. Elements like silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen are present in trace amounts but do not dominate the Sun’s composition.
Correct Answer
Mostly Hydrogen and Helium
A sidereal day, the time it takes the Earth to rotate once on its axis when measured relative to distant stars, is:
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23 hours and 56 minutes long.
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24 hours long.
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24 hours and 4 minutes long.
Explanation
Explanation
A sidereal day is the time it takes Earth to complete one full rotation relative to distant stars, which is slightly shorter than the solar day measured relative to the Sun. This period is approximately 23 hours and 56 minutes. The solar day is 24 hours due to Earth’s simultaneous orbit around the Sun, making the sidereal day about four minutes shorter than the solar day.
Correct Answer
23 hours and 56 minutes long
The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth, which has almost all of our weather, is the
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Exosphere
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Stratosphere
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Thermosphere
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Mesosphere
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Troposphere
Explanation
Explanation
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere and contains approximately 75–80% of the atmosphere’s mass and almost all water vapor. Weather phenomena, such as clouds, rain, and storms, occur within this layer. The stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere are higher layers and do not contain significant water vapor or active weather systems.
Correct Answer
Troposphere
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