Web Development Foundations (D276)
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Free Web Development Foundations (D276) Questions
The "target" attribute of an element:
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tells the web browser where to put the user's mouse cursor
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tells the web browser where a link came from
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tells the web browser what site to link to
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tells the web browser how to open a link
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. tells the web browser how to open a link
Explanation
The target attribute in an (anchor) element specifies how and where to open the linked document. Common values include:
_blank: Opens the link in a new tab or window.
_self: Opens the link in the same tab (default behavior).
_parent: Opens the link in the parent frame, if the page is inside an iframe.
_top: Opens the link in the full window, replacing any frames.
Why other options are wrong
A. tells the web browser where to put the user's mouse cursor
This refers to other attributes, such as style, or JavaScript, not the target attribute.
B. tells the web browser where a link came from
This is not the purpose of the target attribute. The rel attribute might be used to describe relationships between documents.
C. tells the web browser what site to link to
The href attribute specifies the URL of the link, not the target attribute. The target attribute dictates where the linked page will open.
What is the purpose of the 'mailto' hyperlink in web development?
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To create a link that opens an email client to send an email
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To link to a file on the local system
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To redirect users to another webpage
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To display an image on a webpage
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. To create a link that opens an email client to send an email
Explanation
The mailto hyperlink is used in HTML to open the user's default email client and populate the recipient's address, and optionally the subject or body. It allows users to send emails directly by clicking the link, which opens a compose window in their email application.
Why other options are wrong
B. To link to a file on the local system
This is incorrect because linking to a local file is typically done using the file:// protocol, not the mailto scheme, which is designed solely for email purposes.
C. To redirect users to another webpage
This is incorrect as this behavior is achieved using standard http:// or https:// links. The mailto link does not handle webpage redirection.
D. To display an image on a webpage
This is incorrect because displaying images is done with the <img> tag and the src attribute, not the mailto hyperlink, which does not support or display media.
Which of the following is NOT a common URL scheme used in web development?
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ftp
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mailto
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telnet
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file
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. telnet
Explanation
While ftp, mailto, and file are commonly used schemes in web development for accessing files, sending emails, and linking local files, telnet is considered outdated and insecure. It is not commonly used in modern web development because it lacks encryption and has largely been replaced by more secure protocols like SSH.
Why other options are wrong
A. ftp
This is a valid scheme and still used in some web development contexts to access or upload files to servers, especially in legacy systems.
B. mailto
This is a standard and commonly used scheme for creating email links in web pages.
D. file
The file scheme is used for accessing files stored on the user's local machine or network. It is commonly used during local development and testing.
In the context of web development, what defines a container element within an HTML document?
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An element that can hold other elements and has both an opening and closing tag
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An element that only contains text without any tags
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A style rule applied to a specific section of a webpage
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A script that runs on the server side
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. An element that can hold other elements and has both an opening and closing tag
Explanation
A container element is an HTML element that is capable of containing other HTML elements within it. These elements have both an opening and a closing tag and help organize the content on a page. Common examples include <div>, <section>, and <article>. Container elements are essential for grouping content logically in HTML.
Why other options are wrong
B. An element that only contains text without any tags
This is incorrect because an element that only contains text is not necessarily a container element. A container element is defined by its ability to hold other elements (tags), not just plain text.
C. A style rule applied to a specific section of a webpage
This describes CSS, which is used for styling, not an HTML container element. A container element in HTML is not about applying styles but about organizing content structure.
D. A script that runs on the server side
This describes server-side programming (e.g., PHP, Node.js), not an HTML container element. A container element is specific to the structure of HTML documents, not related to server-side scripting.
What is an HTML form element's 'name' attribute used for?
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To define the type of input
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To specify the default value
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To identify the widget and transmit its value upon submission
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To set the visual style of the element
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. To identify the widget and transmit its value upon submission
Explanation
The name attribute in an HTML form element is critical because it assigns a name to the form control, which is used as the key when the form is submitted. The browser includes the name and the value of the element in the HTTP request sent to the server, allowing back-end systems to identify and process form data.
Why other options are wrong
A. To define the type of input
This is incorrect. The type attribute, not name, is used to define whether the input is text, password, checkbox, etc.
B. To specify the default value
This is incorrect. The value attribute specifies a default value for the input field, not the name.
D. To set the visual style of the element
This is incorrect. Visual styling is handled by attributes like class, id, and CSS, not the name attribute. The name attribute has no effect on styling.
What is the purpose of the href attribute in an anchor tag ()?
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It specifies the text content of the link.
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It specifies the location of the web page to link to.
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It specifies the color of the link.
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It specifies the size of the link.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. It specifies the location of the web page to link to.
Explanation
The href (Hypertext Reference) attribute in the anchor tag <a> specifies the URL or location of the resource that the link points to. This is the key element for creating hyperlinks in HTML. The link will direct the user to the location specified in the href attribute when clicked.
Why other options are wrong
A. It specifies the text content of the link.
The text content of the link is specified between the opening and closing <a> tags, not within the href attribute. The href attribute defines where the link goes.
C. It specifies the color of the link.
The color of the link is defined using CSS, not the href attribute. The href attribute is only concerned with specifying the destination of the link.
D. It specifies the size of the link.
The size of the link is controlled by CSS as well, not the href attribute. The href attribute is strictly for defining the URL or location the link directs to.
The first strategy for dealing with different capabilities of browsers on different types of devices was called ______. This strategy provided fallback for non-supported features.
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Unsupported Failsafe
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Progressive Enhancement
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Scheduled Upgrades
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Graceful Degradation
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Graceful Degradation
Explanation
Graceful degradation is a web design strategy that ensures a website or application works on older or less capable browsers by offering fallback options. The idea is to build the website with modern features first, then provide simpler, functional alternatives for browsers that do not support those advanced features.
Why other options are wrong
A. Unsupported Failsafe
This term is not a standard strategy in web development. The concept of fallback features is part of graceful degradation, not an "unsupported failsafe" approach.
B. Progressive Enhancement
Progressive enhancement is the opposite of graceful degradation. It focuses on building a basic, functional version of a site that works for all users and then enhancing the experience for users with more advanced browsers or capabilities. It does not rely on fallback for non-supported features.
C. Scheduled Upgrades
Scheduled upgrades refer to planned updates or improvements to a website or application but do not specifically address handling different browser capabilities or providing fallbacks for non-supported features.
What type of HTML element fills the minimum space possible in the parent container and can only contain text or other elements of this type?
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inline element
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block-level element
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box model
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Site Maps
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. inline element
Explanation
An inline element only takes up as much width as necessary, filling the minimum space required within its parent container. It does not break onto a new line and can only contain text or other inline elements. Common examples of inline elements are <span>, <a>, and <strong>.
Why other options are wrong
B. block-level element
A block-level element takes up the full width of its parent container and typically forces a line break before and after it. It is not limited to the minimum space and can contain both inline and block-level elements. Examples include <div>, <p>, and <h1>.
C. box model
The box model is not an HTML element but a conceptual model for understanding how elements are displayed in the browser. It refers to the content, padding, border, and margin areas of an element. It does not describe the type of space an element occupies.
D. Site Maps
Site maps are not HTML elements. They are a structure or list, often used for navigation or SEO purposes, but they don't refer to a specific element type that defines space within the parent container.
____ units express font size according to the size of other objects within a web page.
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Absolute
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Relative
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Standard
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Output
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Relative
Explanation
Relative units determine font size based on the size of other elements on the page, such as the parent element. They allow for more flexibility and scalability in responsive design. This makes them ideal for modern web design practices where content needs to adapt to various screen sizes and resolutions.
Why other options are wrong
A. Absolute
Absolute units define font size in fixed measurements like pixels (px), points (pt), or inches (in). These do not adjust based on the size of surrounding elements, making them less flexible for responsive design. Because they are fixed, they can lead to accessibility issues on different devices or screen resolutions.
C. Standard
Standard is not a recognized category of font size units in web development. It is a vague term and does not refer to any specific method of expressing font size. Therefore, it cannot be the correct answer in the context of CSS or HTML font sizing.
D. Output
Output is unrelated to font size units in web development. It generally refers to displayed data or results from code execution, not measurements or sizing rules. Hence, it does not describe how font size is expressed on a web page.
An HTTP response is sent from:
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the web server to the application server
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the application server to the web server
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the client to the web server
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the web server to the client
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. the web server to the client
Explanation
An HTTP response is generated by the web server after it processes a request from the client (usually a browser). This response includes the requested content, status codes, and headers that provide additional information. The communication flow is: client sends a request → server processes it → server sends an HTTP response back to the client.
Why other options are wrong
A. the web server to the application server
This can occur internally in a system, but it's not what defines an HTTP response. The HTTP response is specifically the data sent back to the client.
B. the application server to the web server
While the application server may provide processed data to the web server, the HTTP response itself is what the web server sends to the client. This internal communication is not defined as the HTTP response.
C. the client to the web server
This describes an HTTP request, not a response. The client initiates communication, and the server responds.
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