Web Development Foundations (D276)
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Free Web Development Foundations (D276) Questions
What is the purpose of the target attribute in an anchor tag
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Specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
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Indicates how the browser should display the link when clicked
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Defines the text that appears for the link
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Sets the relationship between the current document and the linked document
Explanation
Correct Answer B. Indicates how the browser should display the link when clicked
Explanation
The target attribute in an anchor tag (<a>) specifies where to open the linked document. For example, setting target="_blank" causes the link to open in a new tab, while target="_self" opens it in the same tab.
Why other options are wrong
A. Specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
This is incorrect because the URL of the page is specified in the href attribute of the anchor tag, not in the target attribute.
C. Defines the text that appears for the link
This is incorrect because the text that appears for the link is placed between the opening and closing <a> tags, not in the target attribute.
D. Sets the relationship between the current document and the linked document
This is incorrect because the rel attribute, not target, defines the relationship between the current document and the linked document (e.g., rel="noopener").
The "value" attribute is used for which of the following:
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Specify a specific value for a form control
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Specify that only numbers can be typed into a field
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There isn't a value attribute in HTML
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Change text into a number value
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Specify a specific value for a form control
Explanation
The "value" attribute in HTML is used to define the value of a form control, such as an input field, a checkbox, or a radio button. For example, in an <input> element, the "value" attribute specifies the default value that will be submitted when the form is submitted. It can also represent the selected value in a list of options or a checkbox.
Why other options are wrong
B. Specify that only numbers can be typed into a field
This option describes the "type" attribute in HTML, not the "value" attribute. If you want to ensure that only numbers can be entered, you would set the "type" attribute to "number" (e.g., <input type="number">). The "value" attribute does not restrict input type.
C. There isn't a value attribute in HTML
This statement is incorrect. The "value" attribute is indeed a valid attribute in HTML, commonly used in form elements to define their initial or selected value.
D. Change text into a number value
The "value" attribute does not convert text into a numeric value. It merely stores a string or a predefined value in form controls. Converting text to a number typically requires JavaScript or the use of the "type" attribute in HTML for numeric input.
The ............ element is an inline container used to mark up a part of a text, or a part of a document.
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<span>
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<block>
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<p>
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<div>
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. <span>
Explanation
The <span> element is an inline container used to apply styles or mark up a portion of text within a document. It does not have any inherent visual representation but can be styled using CSS. It is used for smaller sections within a text, unlike block-level elements.
Why other options are wrong
B. <block>
This is incorrect. The <block> element is not a valid HTML element. There is no such element as <block> in HTML. The term "block" generally refers to block-level elements, which are elements that typically start on a new line and take up the full width available.
C. <p>
This is incorrect. The <p> element is a block-level element used to define paragraphs of text. It is not an inline container and does not apply to smaller sections of text like <span> does.
D. <div>
This is incorrect. The <div> element is also a block-level container used to group larger sections of content, typically for layout purposes. It is not an inline element like <span>.
What is the path of the URL www.twitter.com/codehs?
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www
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/codehs
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www.twitter.com
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The entire URL is the path
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. /codehs
Explanation
In the URL www.twitter.com/codehs, /codehs is the path. The path follows the domain name and specifies the specific location or resource on the website. The path helps the server locate the specific content or page requested.
Why other options are wrong
A. www
www is part of the subdomain in the URL and is not the path. It refers to the host or subdomain of the website.
C. www.twitter.com
www.twitter.com is the domain name, not the path. The domain identifies the server where the content is hosted, while the path specifies the particular resource on that server.
D. The entire URL is the path
The entire URL is not considered the path. The URL includes the scheme (e.g., http://), the domain (e.g., www.twitter.com), and the path (e.g., /codehs). Only the portion after the domain is the path.
What is a query string?
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Information sent to the web server. It is added to the end of a URL.
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Data sent when you make an AJAX request using the POST HTTP method.
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A string used for creating SQL database queries.
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A JavaScript variable holding a string value. Used to send requests to a search engine.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Information sent to the web server. It is added to the end of a URL.
Explanation
A query string is part of a URL that contains data that is sent to the web server. It is appended to the URL after a question mark (?), and multiple parameters are separated by an ampersand (&). The query string typically holds key-value pairs used to filter or send data to the server for processing.
Why other options are wrong
B. Data sent when you make an AJAX request using the POST HTTP method
This is incorrect. A query string is associated with GET requests, not POST requests. With POST, data is sent in the body of the request rather than in the URL.
C. A string used for creating SQL database queries
This is incorrect. A query string in the context of URLs is not related to SQL queries. SQL queries are written to interact with databases, whereas query strings are used to pass data in a URL.
D. A JavaScript variable holding a string value. Used to send requests to a search engine
This is incorrect. While JavaScript can use query strings to send requests, the term "query string" specifically refers to the data appended to the URL, not a JavaScript variable used for making requests.
How is a standard IPv4 address represented?
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Eight 4-bit groups
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Four 8-bit groups
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Sixteen 4-bit groups
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Two 16-bit groups
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Four 8-bit groups
Explanation
An IPv4 address is represented as four 8-bit groups, each separated by a period (e.g., 192.168.0.1). Each 8-bit group represents a decimal number ranging from 0 to 255, and this format is also known as "dotted decimal notation."
Why other options are wrong
A. Eight 4-bit groups
An IPv4 address does not consist of 8-bit groups but 8-bit groups, which are grouped in four sections, not eight.
C. Sixteen 4-bit groups
An IPv4 address consists of four groups, not sixteen, and each group contains 8 bits, not 4 bits.
D. Two 16-bit groups
An IPv4 address is made up of four 8-bit groups, not two 16-bit groups. The structure described here pertains more to an IPv6 address.
What is the primary purpose of CSS in web development?
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To structure the content of a webpage
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To define the layout and appearance of a webpage
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To manage server-side scripting
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To handle database interactions
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. To define the layout and appearance of a webpage
Explanation
The primary purpose of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is to define the layout, design, and appearance of a webpage. It controls how the HTML elements are presented, including aspects like colors, fonts, margins, padding, and the positioning of elements. CSS allows for separation of content and presentation, making it easier to manage and style web pages.
Why other options are wrong
A. To structure the content of a webpage
The structure of a webpage is defined by HTML, not CSS. HTML provides the skeleton and content, while CSS is used for styling.
C. To manage server-side scripting
Server-side scripting is typically handled by programming languages such as PHP, Node.js, Python, or Ruby, not by CSS. CSS is a client-side technology used to style a webpage.
D. To handle database interactions
Database interactions are managed by backend technologies like SQL, PHP, or Python, not CSS. CSS is solely concerned with the visual presentation of content on the front end.
In the context of web development, what defines a container element within an HTML document?
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An element that can hold other elements and has both an opening and closing tag
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An element that only contains text without any tags
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A style rule applied to a specific section of a webpage
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A script that runs on the server side
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. An element that can hold other elements and has both an opening and closing tag
Explanation
A container element is an HTML element that is capable of containing other HTML elements within it. These elements have both an opening and a closing tag and help organize the content on a page. Common examples include <div>, <section>, and <article>. Container elements are essential for grouping content logically in HTML.
Why other options are wrong
B. An element that only contains text without any tags
This is incorrect because an element that only contains text is not necessarily a container element. A container element is defined by its ability to hold other elements (tags), not just plain text.
C. A style rule applied to a specific section of a webpage
This describes CSS, which is used for styling, not an HTML container element. A container element in HTML is not about applying styles but about organizing content structure.
D. A script that runs on the server side
This describes server-side programming (e.g., PHP, Node.js), not an HTML container element. A container element is specific to the structure of HTML documents, not related to server-side scripting.
What is the purpose of the href attribute in an anchor tag ()?
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It specifies the text content of the link.
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It specifies the location of the web page to link to.
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It specifies the color of the link.
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It specifies the size of the link.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. It specifies the location of the web page to link to.
Explanation
The href (Hypertext Reference) attribute in the anchor tag <a> specifies the URL or location of the resource that the link points to. This is the key element for creating hyperlinks in HTML. The link will direct the user to the location specified in the href attribute when clicked.
Why other options are wrong
A. It specifies the text content of the link.
The text content of the link is specified between the opening and closing <a> tags, not within the href attribute. The href attribute defines where the link goes.
C. It specifies the color of the link.
The color of the link is defined using CSS, not the href attribute. The href attribute is only concerned with specifying the destination of the link.
D. It specifies the size of the link.
The size of the link is controlled by CSS as well, not the href attribute. The href attribute is strictly for defining the URL or location the link directs to.
Which HTML5 element is used to embed audio content in a web page?
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<audio>
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<sound>
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<media>
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<track>
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. <audio>
Explanation
The <audio> element in HTML5 is specifically designed to embed sound content in documents, such as music or other audio streams. It supports multiple audio formats and provides controls for play, pause, and volume. This element is widely supported in modern web browsers and is the standard method for adding audio to a web page.
Why other options are wrong
B. <sound>
This is not a valid HTML5 element. While it might seem intuitive, HTML5 does not define a <sound> tag for embedding audio. Using such a tag would not be recognized by browsers and the content would not be rendered correctly.
C. <media>
There is no <media> tag in HTML5. Multimedia content like audio and video must be embedded using specific tags such as <audio> and <video>. <media> would not serve any functional purpose in an HTML5 document.
D. <track>
The <track> element is used within <audio> or <video> elements to specify text tracks, such as subtitles or captions. It cannot be used on its own to embed audio and does not serve as a container for sound content.
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ITSW 2120 D276: Web Development Foundations
1. Introduction to Web Development
Web development is the process of building and maintaining websites and web applications. It involves creating the structure, design, functionality, and interaction of websites.
With the rise of the internet, web development plays a critical role in shaping the digital experience. Every business and service has an online presence, making web development skills in high demand.
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Front-End Development: Focuses on the visual aspects of a website—the part users interact with. Technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are essential for front-end development.
- Back-End Development: Deals with the server-side of a website, handling data storage, security, and logic. Back-end developers work with databases, servers, and frameworks like Node.js or Django.
Modern web development involves various tools:
- Text Editors: Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text
- Version Control: Git, GitHub
- Frameworks: React, Express
- Development Tools: Chrome DevTools, Figma (for design)
2. The Structure of the Web
The web is a collection of interconnected documents and resources accessed through the internet. Websites are hosted on servers and accessed by users via browsers.
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HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): A protocol for transferring data over the web.
- HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): A more secure version of HTTP that encrypts the data transferred between the server and the client.
In web development, a client is typically a browser that sends requests to a server, which processes the request and sends back the requested content. The client and server communicate using protocols like HTTP.
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DNS (Domain Name System): Translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses.
- IP Address: A unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to the internet.
3. HTML - HyperText Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language used to create the structure and content of web pages. It is made up of elements that define headings, paragraphs, links, images, forms, and more.
Semantic HTML uses tags that clearly describe their content, improving accessibility and SEO. Examples include:
- <article>: Represents an independent, self-contained piece of content.
- <section>: Represents a section of a page.
4. CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CSS is used to control the layout, style, and appearance of web pages. It allows developers to apply styles to HTML elements such as colors, fonts, spacing, and positioning.
CSS styles are applied to HTML elements by selecting them with selectors and then defining styles (properties and values).
- Selectors target HTML elements: p, #id, .class
- Properties define the style applied to the element: color, font-size, margin, etc.
- Flexbox: A layout system for designing one-dimensional layouts (rows or columns).
- Grid: A more powerful layout system for creating two-dimensional layouts (rows and columns).
Responsive web design ensures that websites look good on all screen sizes (mobile, tablet, desktop). Media Queries are used to apply styles based on screen width:
CSS frameworks like Bootstrap provide pre-designed components and a grid system that can speed up web development. Developers can use these frameworks to create responsive websites quickly.
5. JavaScript - The Programming Language of the Web
JavaScript is a programming language used to create dynamic and interactive effects on web pages. It allows developers to manipulate the DOM (Document Object Model), handle events, and interact with APIs.
JavaScript uses variables to store values, such as numbers, strings, and arrays. Example:
javascript
Functions: Blocks of code that perform a specific task
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