NUR 514 Women's Health
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Free NUR 514 Women's Health Questions
A woman's lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is:
- 1 in 8
- 1 in 3
- 1 in 29
- 1 in 233
Explanation
A woman’s lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is approximately 1 in 8, or about 12–13%. This statistic reflects the cumulative risk over an entire lifetime and represents one of the highest cancer risks faced by women. Advances in screening and treatment have improved survival, but the prevalence remains significant. Understanding this risk emphasizes the importance of regular screenings, early detection strategies, and awareness of personal and family risk factors.
In what way does a model of care based on a feminist perspective contrast sharply with a biomedical model?
- It provides a forum for the exploration of gender issues.
- It seeks equal distribution of power within the healthcare interaction.
- It emphasizes women's rights.
- It opens new avenues for women's health care
Explanation
A feminist model of care fundamentally differs from the biomedical model because it rejects hierarchical, physician-dominated structures and instead promotes shared power between clinician and patient. This model values patient autonomy, collaborative decision-making, and acknowledgment of the woman’s lived experience as central to her care. By contrast, the biomedical model often positions the clinician as the authority and the patient as a passive recipient. The feminist approach seeks to balance this dynamic, empowering women to participate fully in their health decisions.
If a woman is complaining of bilateral, milky nipple discharge, the clinician is to first:
- obtain a serum prolactin level and a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement.
- assess the sella turcica with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- perform a mammogram and an ultrasound of the breasts.
- perform a pregnancy test.
Explanation
The first step in evaluating bilateral, milky nipple discharge is to rule out pregnancy, the most common and physiologic cause of galactorrhea. A simple pregnancy test provides immediate, essential information that guides all subsequent evaluation. Only after pregnancy is excluded should the clinician proceed with assessing hormonal causes such as elevated prolactin or thyroid dysfunction, structural abnormalities, or medication effects. Starting with a pregnancy test prevents unnecessary imaging, labs, or invasive studies and aligns with standard clinical algorithms for galactorrhea.
The social model of health places the focus of health on:
- the community
- the individual
- environmental conditions
- scientific research
Explanation
The social model of health emphasizes that health is shaped largely by community-level factors such as social support networks, community resources, cultural norms, public health systems, and collective living conditions. Instead of viewing health solely as an individual responsibility or a biological condition, this model highlights how community environments influence well-being. Although environmental factors play a role, the central focus of the social model is on the community as the primary determinant of health outcomes.
Management of sexual arousal disorders in women may include any one of the following except:
- treatments that decrease blood flow to the genital tissues.
- use of the Eros-CTD, a clitoral therapy device.
- the use of vaginal lubricants to increase stimulation.
- localized estrogen therapy.
Explanation
Sexual arousal in women relies heavily on increased genital blood flow, tissue engorgement, and enhanced sensitivity. Therefore, any treatment that decreases blood flow would worsen arousal difficulties, not improve them, making this option inconsistent with recommended management strategies. Evidence-based care instead focuses on increasing lubrication, improving blood flow, enhancing clitoral stimulation, and addressing hormonal causes such as vaginal atrophy or reduced estrogen levels. Treatments that inhibit circulation contradict the physiology of arousal and are not used in clinical management.
What is a key limitation of prevailing developmental models for women?
- Gender differences assumed to be biologically determined are more often socially constructed.
- They present conflicting and misapplied models
- Gender differences are assumed to be socially prescribed.
- Similarities between male and female are emphasized over differences.
Explanation
A major limitation of traditional developmental models is that they treat gender differences as biologically determined, when in fact many differences in behavior, identity, and development are shaped by socialization, culture, and gender norms, not biology. This leads to inaccurate assumptions about women’s capabilities, motivations, and developmental paths. Feminist scholarship emphasizes that many traits labeled as “female” or “male” are constructed by society, not inherently tied to sex.
No risk factors other than age are identifiable in ______ percent of women with breast cancer.
- 24%
- 85%
- 100%
- 60%
Explanation
Approximately 85% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have no identifiable risk factors other than age. This statistic highlights that most cases occur in women without a family history, genetic mutations, or significant lifestyle-related risks. Because breast cancer can arise even in the absence of known risk factors, routine screening and awareness remain critical for early detection. Age remains the strongest and most consistent predictor, with risk increasing significantly after age 40 and continuing to rise throughout life.
According to Wuest (1994), the major goal of feminist research is:
- to change the design and evaluation of research.
- to liberate women from societal expectations
- to emancipate the world from systemic bias based on gender and class.
- to expand notions of gender beyond stereotypes.
Explanation
Wuest (1994) defines the central purpose of feminist research as emancipatory—its goal is to challenge and dismantle the systemic inequalities that oppress individuals based on gender, class, and other power structures. Feminist research does not simply seek to modify study design (option a) or shift gender concepts (option d). Its primary goal is social transformation, aiming to expose and change oppressive systems, elevate marginalized voices, and create more just structures within both research and society.
What concern prompted the initiation of the modern EBP movement in health care?
- That clinicians often failed to evaluate the effectiveness of their own care
- That expert opinion was valued over scientific evidence
- That scientific evidence was valued over expert opinion
- That patients were demanding more evidence to support care decisions
Explanation
The modern Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) movement was driven by the concern that clinicians were not systematically evaluating whether the care they provided actually worked. Before EBP, many health professionals relied on habit, tradition, or routine practice without measuring outcomes. This lack of evaluation led to inconsistent care quality, ineffective interventions being used for years, and wide variations in clinical practice.
What is the median age for the onset of menstruation for adolescent girls in the United States?
- 9.8
- 10.8
- 12.8
- 13.8
Explanation
In the United States, the median age of menarche (first menstrual period) is approximately 12.8 years. This reflects the midpoint at which half of girls have begun menstruating. Although normal ranges can span from age 9 to 15, 12.8 remains the consistent median reported in national health surveys and pediatric developmental data.
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