NUR 514 Women's Health
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Free NUR 514 Women's Health Questions
1.
Among the causes of infertility in women are all of the following except:
- A luteal-phase deficiency
- Endometriosis
- Tubal scarring as a result of an STI
- A bicornuate or septate uterus
Explanation
Explanation
A bicornuate or septate uterus is a congenital uterine anomaly that is more strongly associated with recurrent miscarriage and preterm labor, not infertility itself. Most women with these uterine shapes can still conceive; the problem lies more with maintaining the pregnancy rather than achieving conception.
Luteal-phase defects, endometriosis, and tubal scarring from sexually transmitted infections are all well-recognized causes of infertility because they directly interfere with ovulation, implantation, or the ability of the egg and sperm to meet.
A bicornuate or septate uterus is a congenital uterine anomaly that is more strongly associated with recurrent miscarriage and preterm labor, not infertility itself. Most women with these uterine shapes can still conceive; the problem lies more with maintaining the pregnancy rather than achieving conception.
Luteal-phase defects, endometriosis, and tubal scarring from sexually transmitted infections are all well-recognized causes of infertility because they directly interfere with ovulation, implantation, or the ability of the egg and sperm to meet.
2.
The social model of health places the focus of health on:
- the community
- the individual
- environmental conditions
- scientific research
Explanation
Explanation
The social model of health emphasizes that health is shaped largely by community-level factors such as social support networks, community resources, cultural norms, public health systems, and collective living conditions. Instead of viewing health solely as an individual responsibility or a biological condition, this model highlights how community environments influence well-being. Although environmental factors play a role, the central focus of the social model is on the community as the primary determinant of health outcomes.
The social model of health emphasizes that health is shaped largely by community-level factors such as social support networks, community resources, cultural norms, public health systems, and collective living conditions. Instead of viewing health solely as an individual responsibility or a biological condition, this model highlights how community environments influence well-being. Although environmental factors play a role, the central focus of the social model is on the community as the primary determinant of health outcomes.
3.
If a woman is complaining of bilateral, milky nipple discharge, the clinician is to first:
- obtain a serum prolactin level and a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement.
- assess the sella turcica with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- perform a mammogram and an ultrasound of the breasts.
- perform a pregnancy test.
Explanation
Explanation
The first step in evaluating bilateral, milky nipple discharge is to rule out pregnancy, the most common and physiologic cause of galactorrhea. A simple pregnancy test provides immediate, essential information that guides all subsequent evaluation. Only after pregnancy is excluded should the clinician proceed with assessing hormonal causes such as elevated prolactin or thyroid dysfunction, structural abnormalities, or medication effects. Starting with a pregnancy test prevents unnecessary imaging, labs, or invasive studies and aligns with standard clinical algorithms for galactorrhea.
The first step in evaluating bilateral, milky nipple discharge is to rule out pregnancy, the most common and physiologic cause of galactorrhea. A simple pregnancy test provides immediate, essential information that guides all subsequent evaluation. Only after pregnancy is excluded should the clinician proceed with assessing hormonal causes such as elevated prolactin or thyroid dysfunction, structural abnormalities, or medication effects. Starting with a pregnancy test prevents unnecessary imaging, labs, or invasive studies and aligns with standard clinical algorithms for galactorrhea.
4.
Why is acknowledging the oppression of women more difficult within Western societies?
- The multiplicity of minority groups complicates the issue
- The availability of health care makes acknowledgment more difficult
- The diversity of the news media clouds the issue
- Affluence and increased opportunities mask oppression
Explanation
Explanation
In Western societies, women often have greater access to education, employment, and legal protections compared to many parts of the world. These advantages can create the illusion that oppression no longer exists. However, inequities persist in areas such as wage gaps, reproductive rights, gender-based violence, leadership representation, and social expectations. Because women appear to have opportunities and affluence, underlying systemic oppression becomes harder to recognize and is often minimized or overlooked, making acknowledgment more challenging.
In Western societies, women often have greater access to education, employment, and legal protections compared to many parts of the world. These advantages can create the illusion that oppression no longer exists. However, inequities persist in areas such as wage gaps, reproductive rights, gender-based violence, leadership representation, and social expectations. Because women appear to have opportunities and affluence, underlying systemic oppression becomes harder to recognize and is often minimized or overlooked, making acknowledgment more challenging.
5.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a red flag indicator of IPV?
- Lack of personal awareness or responsibility for one's actions
- A partner who is overly involved in the patient's medical examination
- Frequent unscheduled, walk-in medical appointments
- Patient history that does not match the presenting injury
Explanation
Explanation
“Lack of personal awareness or responsibility for one's actions” is not recognized as a clinical red flag for intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV indicators focus on behaviors and patterns suggesting control, coercion, or inconsistent injury explanations—not personality traits like self-awareness or accountability. Red flags typically involve controlling partners, contradictory injury histories, repeated visits for vague complaints, or signs of fear or restricted autonomy. Because option A reflects a general behavioral trait rather than an IPV-specific warning sign, it is not considered a valid red flag.
“Lack of personal awareness or responsibility for one's actions” is not recognized as a clinical red flag for intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV indicators focus on behaviors and patterns suggesting control, coercion, or inconsistent injury explanations—not personality traits like self-awareness or accountability. Red flags typically involve controlling partners, contradictory injury histories, repeated visits for vague complaints, or signs of fear or restricted autonomy. Because option A reflects a general behavioral trait rather than an IPV-specific warning sign, it is not considered a valid red flag.
6.
Why have women's changing roles come at a cost to their health?
- Increases in caregiving expectations compromise health
- Balancing competing demands increases stress
- Less attention is being placed on health care
- Men's roles have not changed in relation to the change in women's roles
Explanation
Explanation
Women’s roles have expanded dramatically—women now participate in higher education, full-time employment, and public life at levels never seen before. However, these new responsibilities are added onto, not exchanged for, traditionally expected roles such as caregiving, household management, and emotional labor. This creates role overload, where multiple major responsibilities must be balanced simultaneously. The chronic stress from managing competing roles—work, family, caregiving, and personal health—directly impacts both physical and mental health.
Women’s roles have expanded dramatically—women now participate in higher education, full-time employment, and public life at levels never seen before. However, these new responsibilities are added onto, not exchanged for, traditionally expected roles such as caregiving, household management, and emotional labor. This creates role overload, where multiple major responsibilities must be balanced simultaneously. The chronic stress from managing competing roles—work, family, caregiving, and personal health—directly impacts both physical and mental health.
7.
A woman's lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is:
- 1 in 8
- 1 in 3
- 1 in 29
- 1 in 233
Explanation
Explanation
A woman’s lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is approximately 1 in 8, or about 12–13%. This statistic reflects the cumulative risk over an entire lifetime and represents one of the highest cancer risks faced by women. Advances in screening and treatment have improved survival, but the prevalence remains significant. Understanding this risk emphasizes the importance of regular screenings, early detection strategies, and awareness of personal and family risk factors.
A woman’s lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is approximately 1 in 8, or about 12–13%. This statistic reflects the cumulative risk over an entire lifetime and represents one of the highest cancer risks faced by women. Advances in screening and treatment have improved survival, but the prevalence remains significant. Understanding this risk emphasizes the importance of regular screenings, early detection strategies, and awareness of personal and family risk factors.
8.
What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s?
- The focus on randomized clinical trials over epidemiological investigations
- The lack of representation of women in research trials
- The lack of research related to gynecology
- The focus on randomized clinical trials over observational research
Explanation
Explanation
According to your textbook’s framework, a major problem in medical research well into the 1990s was the lack of scientific attention, funding, and investigation dedicated specifically to gynecology and women’s reproductive health. Many conditions affecting women—such as endometriosis, pelvic pain, infertility, menstrual disorders, and menopausal symptoms—were understudied, dismissed, or poorly understood. This gap meant women’s experiences and conditions were often minimized or overlooked in medical literature and training.
According to your textbook’s framework, a major problem in medical research well into the 1990s was the lack of scientific attention, funding, and investigation dedicated specifically to gynecology and women’s reproductive health. Many conditions affecting women—such as endometriosis, pelvic pain, infertility, menstrual disorders, and menopausal symptoms—were understudied, dismissed, or poorly understood. This gap meant women’s experiences and conditions were often minimized or overlooked in medical literature and training.
9.
The infertility evaluation is an opportune time to suggest health promotion behaviors that may specifically improve fertility, including:
- that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
- reducing caffeine consumption to no more than 350 mg per day
- achieving a BMI in the range of 30 to 35 if the woman is under- or overweight
- None of these is correct
Explanation
Explanation
Moderate caffeine reduction is a well-supported recommendation during infertility counseling. Research suggests that high caffeine intake may negatively affect ovulation, implantation, and overall fertility outcomes. Advising women to limit consumption to no more than 350 mg per day can support healthier hormonal function and may improve conception chances. The infertility evaluation is an ideal time to discuss modifiable lifestyle behaviors that can enhance reproductive health, including caffeine moderation, smoking cessation, and balanced nutrition.
Moderate caffeine reduction is a well-supported recommendation during infertility counseling. Research suggests that high caffeine intake may negatively affect ovulation, implantation, and overall fertility outcomes. Advising women to limit consumption to no more than 350 mg per day can support healthier hormonal function and may improve conception chances. The infertility evaluation is an ideal time to discuss modifiable lifestyle behaviors that can enhance reproductive health, including caffeine moderation, smoking cessation, and balanced nutrition.
10.
All of the following are ways to determine gestational age except:
- Bimanual examination
- Patient's menstrual and sexual history
- Blood serum test
- Ultrasound
Explanation
Explanation
A blood serum pregnancy test confirms pregnancy by detecting hCG, but it does not determine gestational age.
Gestational age can be estimated by:
●Bimanual examination: assessing uterine size in early pregnancy.
●Menstrual history: using the date of the last menstrual period (LMP).
●Ultrasound: the most accurate method, especially in the first trimester.
Therefore, a blood serum test does not provide gestational age information
A blood serum pregnancy test confirms pregnancy by detecting hCG, but it does not determine gestational age.
Gestational age can be estimated by:
●Bimanual examination: assessing uterine size in early pregnancy.
●Menstrual history: using the date of the last menstrual period (LMP).
●Ultrasound: the most accurate method, especially in the first trimester.
Therefore, a blood serum test does not provide gestational age information
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