HESI Adult Health 2025
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Free HESI Adult Health 2025 Questions
The client's laboratory results indicate that the serum potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). Which action should the nurse take?
Reference Range:
Potassium (K⁺) [3.5 to 5 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mmol/L)]
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Change the plan of care (POC) to include hourly urinary output measurements.
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Inform the healthcare provider (HCP) of the need for potassium replacement.
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Prepare to administer a glucose, then insulin, then potassium infusion.
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Instruct the client to increase daily intake of potassium rich foods.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: B. Inform the healthcare provider (HCP) of the need for potassium replacement.
Explanation of the Correct Answer
B. Inform the healthcare provider (HCP) of the need for potassium replacement
A potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L represents severe hypokalemia, which places the client at high risk for life-threatening dysrhythmias and muscle weakness. This requires urgent correction with IV or oral potassium as ordered by the healthcare provider. Prompt reporting ensures immediate treatment to restore potassium to a safe range.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
A. Change the plan of care (POC) to include hourly urinary output measurements
While urine monitoring is important in clients receiving potassium, this action does not address the immediate danger of severe hypokalemia. Replacement therapy is the priority.
C. Prepare to administer a glucose, then insulin, then potassium infusion
This protocol is used to treat hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. Giving insulin and glucose would further lower potassium levels and worsen the problem.
D. Instruct the client to increase daily intake of potassium rich foods
Dietary changes are helpful for mild hypokalemia or long-term management but are not sufficient for a dangerously low potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L. Immediate replacement therapy is required.
An adult client is admitted to the medical unit due to rectal bleeding after a colonoscopy in which a polyp was biopsied and cauterized. Which intervention should the nurse do first?
- A Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises.
- B Palpate all peripheral pulses in the extremities.
- C Initiate measurement of fluid intake and output.
- D Complete a focused assessment of the abdomen.
Explanation
D. Complete a focused assessment of the abdomen
Rectal bleeding after a colonoscopy with biopsy and cauterization can indicate post-procedural complications, such as perforation or significant hemorrhage. The nurse’s first priority is to perform a focused abdominal assessment to evaluate for distention, rigidity, guarding, bowel sounds, and pain—all key indicators of intra-abdominal bleeding or perforation. This assessment guides urgency, interventions, and notification of the healthcare provider.
The nurse establishes a nursing problem, "Fatigue related to inability to rest comfortably secondary to rheumatoid arthritis."
Which nursing intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care (POC) for this client?
- A. Consult the discharge planner about transferring the client to an assisted living center.
- B. Offer assurance that the fatigue-inducing stage of the disease does not last.
- C. Instruct the client about the importance of maintaining bedrest.
- D. Assist the client with learning how to set priorities and pace activities.
Explanation
D. Assist the client with learning how to set priorities and pace activities.
Rheumatoid arthritis causes chronic pain, stiffness, and fatigue that worsen when the client becomes overexerted. Teaching the client to prioritize essential tasks, alternate activity with rest, and pace daily routines is an evidence-based intervention that helps preserve energy while preventing fatigue accumulation. Energy conservation techniques are central to managing RA symptoms and improving quality of life.
While assisting a client diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease to walk in the corridor, the nurse observes the client suddenly stop, hesitate, and then lift one leg as if stepping over an imaginary line before moving forward again. The client explains that picturing a line on the floor helps him walk. What is the best nursing response?
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Acknowledge that this is a useful method to improve mobility.
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Suggest the client walk on a carpeted surface for better control.
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Plan to evaluate the client’s mental status once back in the room.
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Remind the client of where he is and clarify his surroundings.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: A. Acknowledge that this is a useful method to improve mobility.
Explanation
Freezing during ambulation is common in Parkinson’s disease and can cause gait difficulties. External or imagined visual cues, such as stepping over a pretend line or crack, are proven techniques to help clients overcome freezing episodes. By supporting this strategy, the nurse validates the client’s adaptive approach and encourages independence while promoting safety.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Suggest the client walk on a carpeted surface for better control
Carpeted areas can increase the risk of falls due to uneven footing or resistance. Smooth, clear walkways are safer and more effective.
C. Plan to evaluate the client’s mental status once back in the room
Freezing episodes are motor-related, not typically caused by impaired cognition. This option does not address the mobility challenge.
D. Remind the client of where he is and clarify his surroundings
The client is not disoriented. He is intentionally using a helpful strategy. Reorientation is inappropriate and dismisses the validity of the client’s technique.
The nurse is caring for a client who reports a sudden, severe headache, and facial numbness. The nurse asks the client to smile and observes an uneven smile with facial droop to the right side and a hand grasp strength that is weaker on the right than the left. The client denies a recent history of headaches or trauma. After obtaining vital signs, the nurse should implement which intervention?
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Obtain a focused history to determine recent bleeding and use of anticoagulants.
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Place an indwelling urinary catheter and measure strict intake and output.
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Administer aspirin to prevent further clot formation and platelet clumping.
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Initiate bilateral intermittent sequential pneumatic compression devices.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: A. Obtain a focused history to determine recent bleeding and use of anticoagulants
Explanation
The client is exhibiting signs of an acute stroke (sudden severe headache, facial droop, unilateral weakness). Before any antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy is considered, it is critical to determine whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. A focused history—especially regarding recent bleeding or anticoagulant use—guides safe interventions and prevents complications. Administering aspirin or anticoagulants before ruling out hemorrhage could worsen bleeding and lead to life-threatening outcomes.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Place an indwelling urinary catheter and measure strict intake and output
While fluid balance may be monitored later, inserting a catheter is not an immediate priority in suspected stroke. Stroke management prioritizes airway, breathing, circulation, and determining stroke type for safe treatment.
C. Administer aspirin to prevent further clot formation and platelet clumping
Aspirin is appropriate in ischemic strokes, but only after hemorrhagic stroke has been ruled out by history and imaging. Giving aspirin before this step could be dangerous if the client has a hemorrhagic stroke.
D. Initiate bilateral intermittent sequential pneumatic compression devices
Compression devices help prevent deep vein thrombosis in immobile clients, but this is a secondary intervention. The immediate priority is confirming stroke type and ensuring safe, timely treatment.
An older adult client, at risk for osteoporosis, reports taking a multivitamin daily. In developing a teaching plan for the client, which follow up information should the nurse obtain?
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Usual activity after taking the multivitamin.
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What time of day the multivitamin is taken.
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If the multivitamin is taken with a meal or snack.
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The amount of calcium in the multivitamin.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: D. The amount of calcium in the multivitamin
Explanation
Osteoporosis is strongly linked to inadequate calcium intake. While many multivitamins contain some calcium, the amount is often insufficient to meet the daily requirement for older adults (1,200 mg/day). Determining the calcium content allows the nurse to identify if the client needs additional supplementation or dietary modifications to reduce osteoporosis risk.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Usual activity after taking the multivitamin
Activity level is important for bone health, but the question specifically addresses the multivitamin. Activity after taking it has no effect on its benefit for osteoporosis prevention.
B. What time of day the multivitamin is taken
Timing is not critical for calcium absorption or osteoporosis prevention. The overall amount of calcium and vitamin D is far more important.
C. If the multivitamin is taken with a meal or snack
Some vitamins absorb better with food, but this does not address osteoporosis risk. Calcium adequacy is the central concern for bone strength, not meal timing.
A client with hyperparathyroidism reports a sudden onset of severe flank pain. Which intervention should the nurse include in the client's plan of care (POC)?
- A Administer a PRN dose of a laxative.
- B Initiate cardiac telemetry.
- C Begin straining all urine.
- D Implement seizure precautions.
Explanation
C. Begin straining all urine
Hyperparathyroidism causes increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, which raises serum calcium levels. Chronic hypercalcemia leads to the formation of renal calculi (kidney stones). The client’s sudden, severe flank pain is classic for a stone moving through the urinary tract. Straining all urine is critical to capture stone fragments for analysis, confirm the diagnosis, and guide future treatment.
The nurse is caring for a client who is dehydrated. Which action by the nurse is the best assessment of the client's hydration status?
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Measure the blood pressure.
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Take the client's temperature.
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Obtain the client's weight.
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Count the pulse rate.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: C. Obtain the client's weight.
Explanation of the Correct Answer
Daily weight is the most accurate indicator of fluid balance and hydration status. Small changes in body weight reflect fluid gains or losses more precisely than vital signs or temperature. A 1 kg (2.2 lb) weight change corresponds to approximately 1 liter of fluid, making it the best ongoing assessment of hydration in a dehydrated client.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
A. Measure the blood pressure
Although hypotension can occur with dehydration, blood pressure is not a reliable or early indicator because it may remain normal until dehydration is severe or accompanied by shock.
B. Take the client’s temperature
Dehydration may cause a low-grade fever, but temperature changes are nonspecific and can also be caused by infection or other conditions. It does not directly measure hydration status.
D. Count the pulse rate
Tachycardia may indicate dehydration, but it is a compensatory response to decreased circulating volume. Like blood pressure, it is not as accurate or consistent as monitoring weight for hydration status.
A client with chronic venous insufficiency is being discharged from the hospital, and plans to return home. Which client statement indicates an understanding of home care instructions?
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"I will avoid sitting and crossing my legs."
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"I will lift weights every other day."
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"I will be able to stand as long as my legs do not hurt."
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"I will need to get someone to walk my dog."
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: A. "I will avoid sitting and crossing my legs."
Explanation
Chronic venous insufficiency requires lifestyle modifications that improve venous return and reduce venous stasis. Avoiding prolonged sitting and crossing legs helps prevent impaired circulation, swelling, and worsening of venous insufficiency. This statement shows correct understanding of home care instructions.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. "I will lift weights every other day."
Weightlifting is not specifically recommended and may strain circulation if not balanced with leg elevation and walking. Exercise is beneficial, but the focus should be on activities that enhance venous return, such as walking, not heavy lifting.
C. "I will be able to stand as long as my legs do not hurt."
Prolonged standing worsens venous pooling and swelling even if no pain is present. Patients should avoid standing for extended periods to prevent progression of venous disease.
D. "I will need to get someone to walk my dog."
Walking is actually encouraged because it activates the calf muscle pump, promoting venous return. Clients with venous insufficiency should remain active with regular walking, not avoid it.
While changing the dressing of a client who is immobile, the nurse notices the boundary of the wound has increased. Before reporting this finding to the healthcare provider, the nurse should evaluate which of the client's laboratory values?
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Neutrophil count.
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Serum potassium and sodium levels.
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Platelet count.
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C-reactive protein level.
Explanation
The Correct Answer is: A. Neutrophil count
Explanation
An enlarging wound boundary suggests possible infection or worsening inflammation. Neutrophils are the primary white blood cells that respond to bacterial infection. Evaluating the neutrophil count helps determine if infection is contributing to wound progression. Elevated neutrophils would support an acute infection, while a low count may indicate impaired immune response, both critical for guiding the provider’s management plan.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Serum potassium and sodium levels
Electrolyte levels are important for overall health and healing but do not directly reflect infection or wound progression. They are not the priority in this scenario.
C. Platelet count
Platelets are involved in clotting and wound healing, but changes in wound boundary are more indicative of infection or inflammation than clotting dysfunction. Platelet count is not the most relevant lab here.
D. C-reactive protein level
CRP is a nonspecific marker of inflammation. While it may be elevated in infection, it is less specific than evaluating the neutrophil count, which directly indicates the body’s immune response to possible infection.
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