Ethics in Technology (D333)
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Free Ethics in Technology (D333) Questions
What is a key element of a security strategy to minimize the impact of a cyberattack?
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Increasing the number of employees
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Risk assessment to identify and prioritize threats
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Reducing internet usage
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Implementing more software updates
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Risk assessment to identify and prioritize threats
Explanation
Risk assessment is a proactive approach in cybersecurity that helps organizations identify potential threats, evaluate vulnerabilities, and prioritize resources to mitigate risks effectively. This minimizes the impact of cyberattacks.
Why other options are wrong
A. Increasing the number of employees. More employees do not necessarily improve security; proper risk management and training are more effective.
C. Reducing internet usage. While limiting access may reduce exposure to threats, it is not a comprehensive strategy for cybersecurity.
D. Implementing more software updates. While updates help fix security vulnerabilities, risk assessment ensures an organization knows which threats require immediate attention and resource allocation.
Which piece of legislation outlines who may access a person's credit data?
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European Union Data Protection Directive
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General Data Protection Regulation
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Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
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Fair Credit Reporting Act
Explanation
Explanation:
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates access to individuals’ credit information in the United States. It specifies who can access credit data, for what purposes, and under what conditions. The FCRA ensures accuracy, privacy, and fairness in credit reporting, granting consumers rights to dispute inaccuracies and limiting access to authorized entities, such as lenders or employers with a permissible purpose.
Correct Answer:
Fair Credit Reporting Act
How can organizations differentiate between ethical decision-making and legal decision-making frameworks?
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Ethical decision-making frameworks help an organization uphold a code of behavior generally agreed upon by the members of the larger society which the organization operates in. Legal decision-making frameworks help an organization to navigate a set of rules that convey what people can and cannot do.
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Legal decision-making frameworks provide a complete guide to ethical decision-making but go beyond to encompass decision-making tools to employ in situations where the ethical code is not clearly defined or easily applied.
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Ethical decision-making frameworks help an organization navigate a set of rules that convey what people can and cannot do. Legal decision-making frameworks help an organization uphold a code of behavior generally agreed upon by members of the larger society which the organization operates in.
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Ethical decision-making frameworks provide a complete guide to legal decision-making but go beyond to encompass decision-making tools to employ in situations where the law is not clearly defined or easily applied.
Explanation
Explanation:
Ethical decision-making frameworks guide organizations to act in accordance with a code of conduct that reflects societal norms and values, helping employees understand what is morally acceptable. Legal decision-making frameworks, in contrast, focus strictly on compliance with laws and regulations, outlining actions that are legally permissible or prohibited. The distinction lies in ethics emphasizing moral principles, while legal frameworks emphasize adherence to formal rules.
Correct Answer:
Ethical decision-making frameworks help an organization uphold a code of behavior generally agreed upon by the members of the larger society which the organization operates in. Legal decision-making frameworks help an organization to navigate a set of rules that convey what people can and cannot do.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors established by the fair use doctrine?
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The financial status of the user
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The nature of the copyrighted work
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The effect of the use on the value of the copyrighted work
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The purpose and character of the use
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. The financial status of the user
Explanation
The fair use doctrine allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission under certain conditions. The four factors considered in fair use cases are:
1. The purpose and character of the use (e.g., educational or commercial)
2. The nature of the copyrighted work (e.g., factual vs. creative)
3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used
4. The effect of the use on the market value of the original work
Why other options are wrong
B. The nature of the copyrighted work. This factor considers whether the work is factual or creative, with factual works being more likely to qualify for fair use.
C. The effect of the use on the value of the copyrighted work. If the use negatively impacts the market value of the original work, it is less likely to be considered fair use.
D. The purpose and character of the use. Transformative uses, such as criticism or education, are more likely to be considered fair use.
A group of hackers manipulated data to disable the national energy infrastructure for its political goals.
Which type of attack did the group employ?
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Cyberterrorism
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Advanced persistent threat
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Trojan horse
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Cyberespionage
Explanation
Explanation:
The group employed cyberterrorism, which involves using computer systems and networks to conduct politically motivated attacks that cause disruption, fear, or damage to critical infrastructure. By targeting the national energy infrastructure to achieve political objectives, the hackers’ actions go beyond traditional hacking or espionage and aim to intimidate or coerce for ideological purposes.
Correct Answer:
Cyberterrorism
What is prohibited under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)?
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The sale of copyrighted materials
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The sharing of copyrighted works for educational purposes
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Circumventing technical protections for copyrighted works
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The registration of patents with the USPTO
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. Circumventing technical protections for copyrighted works
Explanation
The DMCA prohibits the circumvention of digital rights management (DRM) and other technological measures designed to protect copyrighted content. It also makes it illegal to distribute tools or technologies that enable such circumvention.
Why other options are wrong
A. The sale of copyrighted materials. The DMCA does not prohibit the sale of copyrighted works, as long as they are legally obtained and sold according to copyright laws.
B. The sharing of copyrighted works for educational purposes. Some educational uses may be considered fair use under copyright law, and the DMCA does not categorically prohibit all sharing for educational purposes.
D. The registration of patents with the USPTO. The DMCA is focused on copyright law, not patents, which are handled by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
What does the Privacy Act prohibit regarding U.S. government agencies?
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Storing personal data indefinitely without oversight
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Collecting personal data without consent
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Concealing the existence of any personal data system
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Sharing personal data with foreign governments
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. Concealing the existence of any personal data system
Explanation
The Privacy Act of 1974 ensures transparency in how U.S. government agencies collect, maintain, and share personal information. It requires agencies to inform individuals about data collection practices and prohibits secret personal data systems.
Why other options are wrong
A. Storing personal data indefinitely without oversight. The act requires agencies to maintain accurate records and limits unnecessary data retention.
B. Collecting personal data without consent. While consent is emphasized, some exceptions allow data collection for law enforcement or national security purposes.
D. Sharing personal data with foreign governments. The act regulates data sharing but does not fully prohibit it, as information can be shared under certain agreements and legal frameworks.
What are the three core components required for AI Trust according to the text?
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Understanding, Action, Explanations
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Data Quality, Monitoring, Ethics
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Accuracy, Stability, Governance
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Compliance, Security, Interpretability
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Data Quality, Monitoring, Ethics
Explanation
AI Trust is built on the foundation of data quality, ensuring AI models are trained on reliable and unbiased data; monitoring, continuously assessing AI behavior to detect errors or drift; and ethics, ensuring AI decisions align with ethical and social responsibility standards.
Why other options are wrong
A. Understanding, Action, Explanations. While these factors may contribute to AI reliability, they do not form the core principles of AI trust.
C. Accuracy, Stability, Governance. While accuracy and governance are important, AI trust is more directly tied to data quality, monitoring, and ethical concerns.
D. Compliance, Security, Interpretability. Compliance and security are essential but do not directly define AI trust; interpretability is a subset of ethical AI.
Which data retention practice complies with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
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Storing personal data for a maximum of six months
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Prohibiting the storage of personal data with financial data
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Performing biannual data quality audits and reporting findings
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Securely erasing data that is no longer needed
Explanation
Explanation:
Complying with GDPR requires that personal data be securely erased when it is no longer needed for its original purpose. GDPR emphasizes data minimization and retention limits, ensuring organizations do not retain personal information indefinitely and that it is disposed of safely to protect individuals’ privacy and reduce the risk of unauthorized access.
Correct Answer:
Securely erasing data that is no longer needed
A new IT employee has questions about how the organization determines resolutions to issues that impact its values and overarching principles.
What should the employee refer to first for guidance?
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Code of ethics
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Ethical decision-making processes
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Board of directors
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Corporate responsibility matrix
Explanation
Explanation:
The employee should first refer to the organization's code of ethics. A code of ethics provides a formal framework outlining the company’s values, principles, and expected behaviors. It serves as a primary resource for employees to understand how to address ethical dilemmas, make decisions aligned with organizational principles, and ensure consistency in actions across the organization.
Correct Answer:
Code of ethics
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