Ethics in Technology (D333)
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Free Ethics in Technology (D333) Questions
A large telecommunications company pledged to adopt green computing in everything it does. The telecommunications company hired a consulting firm to help it evaluate, compare, and select supplies based on standard eco-friendly criteria.
What should the consulting firm use to help achieve this goal?
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
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Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS)
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Professional employer organization (PEO)
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Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
Explanation
Explanation:
The consulting firm should use the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT), which provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental performance of electronic products. EPEAT helps organizations select supplies that meet sustainability criteria, including energy efficiency, reduced hazardous materials, and recyclability, thereby supporting the telecommunications company’s goal of adopting green computing practices.
Correct Answer:
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
Which of the following is NOT a type of computer attack mentioned in the text?
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Trojan horses
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DDoS attacks
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Phishing
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Social engineering
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. Social engineering
Explanation
While Trojan horses, DDoS attacks, and phishing are specific methods of computer attacks that involve malware, network flooding, or deceptive communications respectively, social engineering is a broader technique that involves manipulating people rather than directly attacking computer systems.
Why other options are wrong
A. Trojan horses. This is a type of malicious software disguised as legitimate software, making it a well-known computer attack.
B. DDoS attacks. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks overwhelm systems with traffic, making it a common form of cyber attack.
C. Phishing. Phishing involves deceptive emails or messages aimed at tricking individuals into revealing sensitive information, and is a recognized attack method.
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for an invention to be eligible for a patent?
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It must be widely known
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It must be useful
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It must be novel
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It must be non-obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the field
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. It must be widely known
Explanation
For an invention to be patentable, it must be useful, novel, and non-obvious. If an invention is widely known, it is unlikely to qualify as "novel," which is a key requirement for patentability.
Why other options are wrong
B. It must be useful. The utility requirement ensures that an invention has a practical application.
C. It must be novel. Novelty means that the invention is new and has not been disclosed in prior art.
D. It must be non-obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the field. The non-obviousness criterion prevents patents from being granted for minor or obvious modifications of existing inventions.
Which of the following types of speech is NOT protected by the First Amendment?
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Defamation
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Commercial speech
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Artistic expression
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Political speech
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Defamation
Explanation
The First Amendment protects most forms of speech, but defamation—false statements that harm another person's reputation—is not protected. Libel (written defamation) and slander (spoken defamation) can lead to legal consequences.
Why other options are wrong
B. Commercial speech. Although subject to some regulation, commercial speech is generally protected as long as it is not misleading or deceptive.
C. Artistic expression. Artistic works, including literature, music, and visual art, are protected under the First Amendment.
D. Political speech. Political speech is one of the most strongly protected forms of speech under the First Amendment.
What distinguishes intelligence from industrial espionage?
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Intelligence is legally obtained information, while industrial espionage is illegal.
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Intelligence is always obtained through bribery, while industrial espionage is legal.
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Intelligence is information that is publicly available, while industrial espionage is not.
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Intelligence can only be gathered by government agencies, while industrial espionage can be done by anyone.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Intelligence is legally obtained information, while industrial espionage is illegal.
Explanation
Intelligence gathering involves legally obtaining information from sources like public records, market research, and competitor analysis. Industrial espionage, on the other hand, involves illegal activities such as hacking, bribery, and theft to gain confidential business information.
Why other options are wrong
B. Intelligence is always obtained through bribery, while industrial espionage is legal. Intelligence is obtained through legal means, and industrial espionage is illegal.
C. Intelligence is information that is publicly available, while industrial espionage is not. While intelligence can include public information, it can also legally obtain private insights. Industrial espionage focuses on stealing confidential data.
D. Intelligence can only be gathered by government agencies, while industrial espionage can be done by anyone. Intelligence gathering is not limited to government agencies; companies also conduct competitive intelligence legally.
What is the primary characteristic of the waterfall system development model?
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Development occurs in parallel stages simultaneously.
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The model allows for continuous integration of new requirements throughout the process.
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Development of the next stage cannot begin until the current stage is approved.
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All stages can be revisited at any time without restrictions.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. Development of the next stage cannot begin until the current stage is approved.
Explanation
The waterfall model follows a sequential approach, where each phase (e.g., requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment) must be completed before moving to the next. This structure ensures a clear, structured development process, making it ideal for projects with well-defined requirements.
Why other options are wrong
A. Development occurs in parallel stages simultaneously. Waterfall is not a parallel process; it follows a strict sequence where each stage depends on the completion of the previous one.
B. The model allows for continuous integration of new requirements throughout the process. Waterfall does not easily accommodate changes once development has started. Modifying requirements after a phase is complete can be costly and difficult.
D. All stages can be revisited at any time without restrictions. Unlike agile, waterfall does not allow easy backtracking. If a change is needed, it often requires redoing entire phases, making it inefficient for projects with evolving requirements.
Which act amended the Economic Espionage Act to provide a federal civil remedy for trade secret misappropriation?
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Defend Trade Secrets Act
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Digital Millennium Copyright Act
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Uniform Trade Secrets Act
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Economic Espionage Act of 1996
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Defend Trade Secrets Act
Explanation
The Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA) of 2016 amended the Economic Espionage Act to allow companies to bring civil lawsuits in federal court for trade secret misappropriation. Previously, trade secret cases were mostly handled at the state level under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA).
Why other options are wrong
B. Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The DMCA is related to copyright law, not trade secrets.
C. Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The UTSA is a model law adopted by many states to protect trade secrets but is not a federal amendment to the Economic Espionage Act.
D. Economic Espionage Act of 1996. The EEA was the original law criminalizing trade secret theft, but the DTSA amended it to include civil remedies.
A factory manager must decide whether to replace assembly-line workers with robots but is concerned about employees losing their jobs. The factory manager also believes this automation would enhance worker safety, save the factory money, raise corporate profits, and lower the prices of goods produced. The factory manager weighs all possible outcomes and chooses the action that produces the greatest good.
Which ethical theory does this approach represent?
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Relativism
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Virtue
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Deontology
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Consequentialism
Explanation
Explanation:
The manager’s approach reflects consequentialism, an ethical theory that evaluates actions based on their outcomes. In this scenario, the manager considers all possible consequences—including financial savings, worker safety, profit increase, and social impact—and chooses the course of action that produces the greatest overall good. Consequentialism prioritizes the end results of decisions rather than rules or intrinsic moral duties.
Correct Answer:
Consequentialism
An IT company adopts a professional code of ethics suggested by a nationally recognized IT professionals’ organization.
Which benefit to the company can be directly derived from adopting a professional code of ethics?
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Guidelines for principled decision-making
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Increased yearly revenue
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Decreased company expenditure
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An evaluation benchmark
Explanation
Explanation:
Adopting a professional code of ethics provides guidelines for principled decision-making. It establishes clear standards for behavior, promotes consistency in ethical choices, and helps employees navigate complex situations responsibly. While financial or performance metrics may indirectly benefit, the primary and direct advantage is fostering ethical conduct and a strong organizational culture.
Correct Answer:
Guidelines for principled decision-making
To gather data for improved customer profiles, a social media platform uses microphone data from its users in the United States.
Which U.S. Constitutional amendment does this action violate?
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Fourth Amendment
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Second Amendment
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First Amendment
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Third Amendment
Explanation
Explanation:
This action violates the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. While the scenario involves a private company, Fourth Amendment principles have influenced privacy rights and legal expectations regarding unauthorized surveillance and data collection. Using microphone data without consent can be seen as an infringement on users’ privacy, akin to an unlawful search of personal spaces or communications.
Correct Answer:
Fourth Amendment
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