Ethics in Technology (D333)
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Free Ethics in Technology (D333) Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors established by the fair use doctrine?
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The financial status of the user
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The nature of the copyrighted work
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The effect of the use on the value of the copyrighted work
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The purpose and character of the use
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. The financial status of the user
Explanation
The fair use doctrine allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission under certain conditions. The four factors considered in fair use cases are:
1. The purpose and character of the use (e.g., educational or commercial)
2. The nature of the copyrighted work (e.g., factual vs. creative)
3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used
4. The effect of the use on the market value of the original work
Why other options are wrong
B. The nature of the copyrighted work. This factor considers whether the work is factual or creative, with factual works being more likely to qualify for fair use.
C. The effect of the use on the value of the copyrighted work. If the use negatively impacts the market value of the original work, it is less likely to be considered fair use.
D. The purpose and character of the use. Transformative uses, such as criticism or education, are more likely to be considered fair use.
A credit reporting agency collects personally identifiable information (PII) from customers. The agency appoints a data protection officer (DPO), who is responsible for overseeing the agency’s data protection strategy and enforcing data compliance requirements.
Which legislation should the DPO use as the basis for governing the collection and disclosure of PII?
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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
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Securities Exchange Act
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
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Bank Secrecy Act
Explanation
Explanation:
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) governs the collection, use, and disclosure of customers’ personally identifiable information (PII) by financial institutions, including credit reporting agencies. The act requires agencies to implement safeguards, protect customer data, and provide transparency regarding data-sharing practices. The DPO would rely on GLBA to establish data protection policies, ensure compliance, and manage risk associated with PII handling.
Correct Answer:
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
An organization is implementing a new computerized manufacturing system. The organization is concerned about proving the level of quality based on standards related to the system and associated processes.
Which International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard certification should the organization seek to achieve this specific goal?
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14000
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27001
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9001
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8601
Explanation
Explanation:
The organization should pursue ISO 9001 certification. ISO 9001 sets standards for quality management systems (QMS) to ensure consistent quality in products and services, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement. Achieving this certification demonstrates that the organization follows internationally recognized processes and procedures, providing assurance about the quality of its manufacturing system and associated processes.
Correct Answer:
9001
Which piece of legislation outlines who may access a person's credit data?
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European Union Data Protection Directive
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General Data Protection Regulation
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Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
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Fair Credit Reporting Act
Explanation
Explanation:
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates access to individuals’ credit information in the United States. It specifies who can access credit data, for what purposes, and under what conditions. The FCRA ensures accuracy, privacy, and fairness in credit reporting, granting consumers rights to dispute inaccuracies and limiting access to authorized entities, such as lenders or employers with a permissible purpose.
Correct Answer:
Fair Credit Reporting Act
A team of game designers must decide if players whose game characters commit violent and unlawful acts should be rewarded. The team agrees that the acts are simulations, and the game will be rated for adult or mature audiences. One designer raises questions about how contributing to this work will reflect upon the team's moral character.
Which ethical theory does this represent?
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Consequentialism
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Relativism
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Deontology
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Virtue
Explanation
Explanation:
This scenario reflects virtue ethics, which focuses on the moral character of the individuals involved rather than the outcomes or rules. The designer’s concern about how participating in the creation of the game reflects on the team’s character illustrates a consideration of ethical behavior as a reflection of personal and collective virtues, emphasizing integrity, honesty, and moral responsibility.
Correct Answer:
Virtue
What does CALEA require from the telecommunications industry?
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To prevent any form of communication monitoring
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To provide free internet access to all users
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To build tools that allow federal investigators to intercept communications
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To restrict communication between citizens and government agencies
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. To build tools that allow federal investigators to intercept communications
Explanation
The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) requires telecommunications companies to ensure that law enforcement agencies can access and monitor communications when authorized by a court order. This law aims to support investigations while maintaining regulatory oversight.
Why other options are wrong
A. To prevent any form of communication monitoring. CALEA facilitates lawful monitoring, not prevents it.
B. To provide free internet access to all users. CALEA is focused on law enforcement access, not internet availability.
D. To restrict communication between citizens and government agencies. The law does not impose restrictions on communication; rather, it mandates cooperation with law enforcement.
What distinguishes intelligence from industrial espionage?
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Intelligence is legally obtained information, while industrial espionage is illegal.
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Intelligence is always obtained through bribery, while industrial espionage is legal.
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Intelligence is information that is publicly available, while industrial espionage is not.
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Intelligence can only be gathered by government agencies, while industrial espionage can be done by anyone.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Intelligence is legally obtained information, while industrial espionage is illegal.
Explanation
Intelligence gathering involves legally obtaining information from sources like public records, market research, and competitor analysis. Industrial espionage, on the other hand, involves illegal activities such as hacking, bribery, and theft to gain confidential business information.
Why other options are wrong
B. Intelligence is always obtained through bribery, while industrial espionage is legal. Intelligence is obtained through legal means, and industrial espionage is illegal.
C. Intelligence is information that is publicly available, while industrial espionage is not. While intelligence can include public information, it can also legally obtain private insights. Industrial espionage focuses on stealing confidential data.
D. Intelligence can only be gathered by government agencies, while industrial espionage can be done by anyone. Intelligence gathering is not limited to government agencies; companies also conduct competitive intelligence legally.
What trend has increased the risk of unethical use of information technology?
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Decrease in social media usage
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Growth of the Internet
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Increased face-to-face communication
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Reduction in data storage capabilities
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Growth of the Internet
Explanation
The expansion of the Internet has increased opportunities for unethical behavior, such as cybercrime, privacy violations, and misinformation. As more data is shared online, ethical concerns about security, digital rights, and responsible use of technology have grown.
Why other options are wrong
A. Decrease in social media usage. Social media usage has generally increased, not decreased, and its growth has contributed to ethical concerns like misinformation and privacy issues.
C. Increased face-to-face communication. More face-to-face communication does not increase the risk of unethical IT use; ethical issues in IT are more prevalent in digital interactions.
D. Reduction in data storage capabilities. Data storage capabilities have expanded, not reduced, and increased storage has raised concerns about data security and privacy.
What is the unintended source of bias in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms?
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Human developers
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Excessive validation sample sizes
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Tainted examples
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Excessive training sample sizes
Explanation
Explanation:
The primary unintended source of bias in AI algorithms is tainted examples. If the training data contains historical biases, errors, or unrepresentative samples, the AI system will learn and replicate these biases in its predictions. This can lead to unfair or discriminatory outcomes, even if the algorithms themselves are designed neutrally, emphasizing the importance of clean and balanced datasets.
Correct Answer:
Tainted examples
What does quality management in software development focus on?
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Reducing the time to market for software products
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Defining, measuring, and refining the quality of the development process
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Increasing the number of features in the software
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Minimizing costs associated with software development
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Defining, measuring, and refining the quality of the development process.
Explanation
Quality management in software development ensures that software meets required standards and customer expectations by focusing on process improvement, defect prevention, and continuous refinement. It includes testing, code reviews, and adherence to best practices.
Why other options are wrong
A. Reducing the time to market for software products. While speed is important, quality management prioritizes producing reliable and high-performing software over just releasing it quickly.
C. Increasing the number of features in the software. More features do not guarantee quality; sometimes, they introduce more defects or complexity. Quality management ensures that existing features work well before adding more.
D. Minimizing costs associated with software development. While efficient quality management can reduce long-term costs, its main goal is to ensure quality rather than just cutting expenses.
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