Ethics in Technology (D333)
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Free Ethics in Technology (D333) Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors established by the fair use doctrine?
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The financial status of the user
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The nature of the copyrighted work
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The effect of the use on the value of the copyrighted work
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The purpose and character of the use
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. The financial status of the user
Explanation
The fair use doctrine allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission under certain conditions. The four factors considered in fair use cases are:
1. The purpose and character of the use (e.g., educational or commercial)
2. The nature of the copyrighted work (e.g., factual vs. creative)
3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used
4. The effect of the use on the market value of the original work
Why other options are wrong
B. The nature of the copyrighted work. This factor considers whether the work is factual or creative, with factual works being more likely to qualify for fair use.
C. The effect of the use on the value of the copyrighted work. If the use negatively impacts the market value of the original work, it is less likely to be considered fair use.
D. The purpose and character of the use. Transformative uses, such as criticism or education, are more likely to be considered fair use.
What is a key expectation of a professional according to the text?
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To avoid lifelong training
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To work independently without collaboration
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To prioritize personal gain over ethics
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To contribute to society
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. To contribute to society
Explanation
Professionals are expected to uphold ethical standards and contribute to society through responsible and ethical conduct in their field. This includes maintaining integrity, continuous learning, and considering the broader impact of their work.
Why other options are wrong
A. To avoid lifelong training. Professionals are expected to continuously develop their skills and knowledge.
B. To work independently without collaboration. Collaboration is essential in professional environments to achieve ethical and effective outcomes.
C. To prioritize personal gain over ethics. Ethics and responsibility are key expectations of professionals, not personal profit at any cost.
What is the purpose of data breach notification laws?
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To provide financial compensation to affected customers.
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To encourage companies to collect more customer data.
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To allow companies to hide data breaches from the public.
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To require companies to notify affected customers about data breaches.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D. To require companies to notify affected customers about data breaches.
Explanation
Data breach notification laws mandate that companies inform affected individuals when their personal data has been compromised. These laws aim to increase transparency, help customers take protective actions, and encourage companies to improve data security practices.
Why other options are wrong
A. To provide financial compensation to affected customers. While some companies may offer compensation, this is not the primary goal of data breach notification laws.
B. To encourage companies to collect more customer data. These laws focus on protecting consumer data, not increasing its collection.
C. To allow companies to hide data breaches from the public. The laws exist to prevent companies from concealing breaches and ensure they notify affected individuals.
What is the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
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To enforce compliance with international trade agreements
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To eliminate all tariffs and trade barriers globally
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To regulate domestic trade laws of member countries
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To provide financial assistance to developing countries
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. To enforce compliance with international trade agreements
Explanation
The WTO oversees the implementation and enforcement of trade agreements, including those established under GATT. It provides a framework for resolving trade disputes and ensuring that member countries comply with agreed-upon trade rules.
Why other options are wrong
B. To eliminate all tariffs and trade barriers globally. The WTO does not eliminate all tariffs but rather negotiates and enforces agreements that reduce trade barriers in a structured manner.
C. To regulate domestic trade laws of member countries. The WTO does not dictate domestic trade laws but ensures they align with international trade agreements.
D. To provide financial assistance to developing countries. The WTO focuses on trade policy rather than direct financial assistance, which is handled by organizations such as the World Bank and IMF.
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for an invention to be eligible for a patent?
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It must be widely known
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It must be useful
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It must be novel
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It must be non-obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the field
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. It must be widely known
Explanation
For an invention to be patentable, it must be useful, novel, and non-obvious. If an invention is widely known, it is unlikely to qualify as "novel," which is a key requirement for patentability.
Why other options are wrong
B. It must be useful. The utility requirement ensures that an invention has a practical application.
C. It must be novel. Novelty means that the invention is new and has not been disclosed in prior art.
D. It must be non-obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the field. The non-obviousness criterion prevents patents from being granted for minor or obvious modifications of existing inventions.
Which legislation provides a safe harbor for internet service providers (ISPs) whose customers violate intellectual property rights?
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Leahy-Smith America Invents Act
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Digital Millennium Copyright Act
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Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act
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Copyright Term Extension Act
Explanation
Explanation:
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) provides a safe harbor for ISPs, protecting them from liability when their customers infringe on intellectual property rights, provided the ISPs comply with specific requirements. This includes promptly responding to takedown notices and not having direct knowledge of infringing activity. The DMCA encourages ISPs to moderate content while limiting their legal exposure for users’ actions.
Correct Answer:
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
What is a 'white hat hacker'?
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A hacker who creates malware to disrupt systems.
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A hacker who only targets government systems.
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An ethical hacker hired to test security systems.
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A hacker who engages in illegal activities for profit.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. An ethical hacker hired to test security systems.
Explanation
A white hat hacker is a cybersecurity professional who uses their skills to identify vulnerabilities in systems with permission. Their goal is to improve security by finding and fixing weaknesses before malicious hackers can exploit them.
Why other options are wrong
A. A hacker who creates malware to disrupt systems. This describes a malicious hacker, not an ethical one.
B. A hacker who only targets government systems. Ethical hacking is not defined by the target but by the purpose and permission under which the hacking is performed.
D. A hacker who engages in illegal activities for profit. This describes a black hat hacker, which is the opposite of a white hat hacker.
What does the Privacy Act prohibit regarding U.S. government agencies?
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Storing personal data indefinitely without oversight
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Collecting personal data without consent
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Concealing the existence of any personal data system
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Sharing personal data with foreign governments
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. Concealing the existence of any personal data system
Explanation
The Privacy Act of 1974 ensures transparency in how U.S. government agencies collect, maintain, and share personal information. It requires agencies to inform individuals about data collection practices and prohibits secret personal data systems.
Why other options are wrong
A. Storing personal data indefinitely without oversight. The act requires agencies to maintain accurate records and limits unnecessary data retention.
B. Collecting personal data without consent. While consent is emphasized, some exceptions allow data collection for law enforcement or national security purposes.
D. Sharing personal data with foreign governments. The act regulates data sharing but does not fully prohibit it, as information can be shared under certain agreements and legal frameworks.
A company needs to fill a specialized, long-term engineering role. The worker in this role needs to work on-site and use a company-provided laptop for security. The company’s corporate code of ethics dictates that it should prioritize economic empowerment in its local community. The company has not been successful in sourcing local candidates.
Which type of worker should the company consider expanding its candidate pool to include?
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Offshore
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1B
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Gig
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Freelance
Explanation
Explanation:
The company should consider H-1B workers, who are foreign professionals allowed to work in specialized, long-term roles in the United States. H-1B visas enable companies to fill technical positions when local talent is insufficient, ensuring the role’s requirements are met while maintaining compliance with immigration and employment regulations.
Correct Answer:
H-1B
A data scientist selects publicly available demographic data from a limited group of familiar zip codes when training an algorithm.
What are two ethical concerns with this approach?
Choose 2 answers.
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Privacy violation
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Small sample size
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Predictive coding
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Proxy discrimination
Explanation
Explanation:
The two primary ethical concerns are small sample size and proxy discrimination. Using data from a limited set of zip codes may not accurately represent the broader population, leading to biased predictions (small sample size). Proxy discrimination occurs when demographic features inadvertently create biased outcomes that disadvantage certain groups, resulting in unfair or discriminatory algorithmic decisions.
Correct Answer:
Small sample size
Proxy discrimination
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