Ethics in Technology (D333)
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Free Ethics in Technology (D333) Questions
What is the purpose of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)?
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A legal process for filing claims against manufacturers.
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Evaluating reliability and determining the system and equipment failures.
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A method for improving software user experience.
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A framework for assessing employee performance in organizations.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Evaluating reliability and determining the system and equipment failures.
Explanation
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic method used to identify potential failure modes within a system, assess their impact, and determine ways to mitigate risks. It helps organizations improve product reliability, enhance safety, and reduce failures before they occur.
Why other options are wrong
A. A legal process for filing claims against manufacturers. FMEA is a risk assessment tool, not a legal process. Product liability laws cover claims against manufacturers.
C. A method for improving software user experience. While FMEA can be applied to software reliability, its primary focus is on identifying failures rather than user experience.
D. A framework for assessing employee performance in organizations. FMEA is used for system and product reliability, not employee evaluation.
What does infringement refer to in the context of copyright?
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The process of registering a copyright
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Violation of the rights of a copyright owner
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A method of distributing copyrighted works
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The act of creating derivative works legally
Explanation
Correct Answer
B. Violation of the rights of a copyright owner
Explanation
Copyright infringement occurs when someone uses a copyrighted work without permission, violating the exclusive rights granted to the owner. This can include copying, distributing, or performing a work without authorization.
Why other options are wrong
A. The process of registering a copyright. Copyright registration is a legal process that provides additional protections but is not related to infringement.
C. A method of distributing copyrighted works. Distribution is legal when done with permission; infringement occurs when distribution happens without authorization.
D. The act of creating derivative works legally. Derivative works require permission unless they fall under fair use; unauthorized derivative works would be considered infringement.
An underage actor is admitted to a local hospital. A nurse from another department wants to know what the patient's ailment is. The nurse accesses the patient’s medical record and is subsequently flagged for unauthorized access.
Which law has the nurse violated?
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Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
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Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Explanation
Explanation:
The nurse violated the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which protects the privacy and security of individuals’ medical information. HIPAA requires that healthcare workers access patient data only for legitimate treatment, payment, or operational purposes. Unauthorized access to a patient’s medical record, even out of curiosity or unrelated work, constitutes a breach of HIPAA regulations.
Correct Answer:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Which piece of legislation outlines who may access a person's credit data?
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European Union Data Protection Directive
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General Data Protection Regulation
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Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
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Fair Credit Reporting Act
Explanation
Explanation:
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates access to individuals’ credit information in the United States. It specifies who can access credit data, for what purposes, and under what conditions. The FCRA ensures accuracy, privacy, and fairness in credit reporting, granting consumers rights to dispute inaccuracies and limiting access to authorized entities, such as lenders or employers with a permissible purpose.
Correct Answer:
Fair Credit Reporting Act
Which act amended the Economic Espionage Act to provide a federal civil remedy for trade secret misappropriation?
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Defend Trade Secrets Act
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Digital Millennium Copyright Act
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Uniform Trade Secrets Act
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Economic Espionage Act of 1996
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Defend Trade Secrets Act
Explanation
The Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA) of 2016 amended the Economic Espionage Act to allow companies to bring civil lawsuits in federal court for trade secret misappropriation. Previously, trade secret cases were mostly handled at the state level under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA).
Why other options are wrong
B. Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The DMCA is related to copyright law, not trade secrets.
C. Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The UTSA is a model law adopted by many states to protect trade secrets but is not a federal amendment to the Economic Espionage Act.
D. Economic Espionage Act of 1996. The EEA was the original law criminalizing trade secret theft, but the DTSA amended it to include civil remedies.
What is this behavior considered?
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Ethical and legal
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Unethical and illegal
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Unethical and legal
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Ethical and illegal
Explanation
Explanation:
The company’s behavior is considered ethical and legal. Ethically, the company is transparent with the client about its capabilities and delivery timeline, avoiding false promises or misrepresentation. Legally, the company is not breaking any laws or contractual obligations by submitting an honest bid that accurately reflects its ability to complete the project. Transparency and honesty maintain both ethical standards and legal compliance.
Correct Answer:
Ethical and legal
What are the two main components typically outlined in a professional code of ethics?
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Financial goals and marketing strategies
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Client satisfaction and profit margins
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Aspirations of the organization and rules for members
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Technical skills and personal achievements
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. Aspirations of the organization and rules for members
Explanation
A professional code of ethics typically includes guiding principles (aspirations) that define the values and goals of a profession, along with specific rules that members must follow to ensure ethical behavior.
Why other options are wrong
A. Financial goals and marketing strategies. These are business concerns, not ethical guidelines for professional conduct.
B. Client satisfaction and profit margins. While important in business, ethics codes focus on broader professional and ethical responsibilities rather than financial objectives.
D. Technical skills and personal achievements. Ethical codes focus more on conduct and values rather than individual accomplishments.
What is a 'white hat hacker'?
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A hacker who creates malware to disrupt systems.
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A hacker who only targets government systems.
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An ethical hacker hired to test security systems.
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A hacker who engages in illegal activities for profit.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C. An ethical hacker hired to test security systems.
Explanation
A white hat hacker is a cybersecurity professional who uses their skills to identify vulnerabilities in systems with permission. Their goal is to improve security by finding and fixing weaknesses before malicious hackers can exploit them.
Why other options are wrong
A. A hacker who creates malware to disrupt systems. This describes a malicious hacker, not an ethical one.
B. A hacker who only targets government systems. Ethical hacking is not defined by the target but by the purpose and permission under which the hacking is performed.
D. A hacker who engages in illegal activities for profit. This describes a black hat hacker, which is the opposite of a white hat hacker.
What significant change did the Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 introduce?
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Increased penalties for copyright infringement
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Eliminated the need for copyright registration
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Reduced the duration of copyright protection
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Allowed for unlimited copying of copyrighted works
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Increased penalties for copyright infringement
Explanation
The Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 (PRO-IP Act) strengthened enforcement measures against copyright infringement. It increased penalties for violations and enhanced law enforcement’s ability to combat piracy and counterfeiting.
Why other options are wrong
B. Eliminated the need for copyright registration. The act did not eliminate the need for registration, which remains essential for certain legal protections and enforcement.
C. Reduced the duration of copyright protection. The law did not shorten the copyright term; U.S. copyright duration remains governed by prior legislation such as the Copyright Term Extension Act.
D. Allowed for unlimited copying of copyrighted works. The act was designed to enhance enforcement, not relax copyright restrictions.
What is the first step in the simple model for including ethical considerations in decision making?
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Define the problem
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Monitor the results
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Implement the decision
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Choose an alternative
Explanation
Correct Answer
A. Define the problem
Explanation
The first step in ethical decision-making is to clearly define the problem. This ensures that all relevant ethical considerations are identified before making a decision. Without properly defining the problem, the decision-making process may overlook key ethical concerns.
Why other options are wrong
B. Monitor the results. Monitoring comes after the decision has been implemented, not at the beginning of the process.
C. Implement the decision. Implementation happens later in the process, after identifying alternatives and choosing the best course of action.
D. Choose an alternative. Before selecting an alternative, the problem must first be defined to understand the ethical implications.
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