D442 Basic Nursing Skills
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Free D442 Basic Nursing Skills Questions
What is the primary purpose of the nursing assessment?
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Identifying underlying pathologic conditions
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Assisting the physician in identifying medical conditions
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Determining the patient's mental status
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Exploring patient responses to health problems
Explanation
Explanation:
The primary purpose of the nursing assessment is to explore and understand the patient’s responses to actual or potential health problems. Nurses gather comprehensive data about the patient’s physical, emotional, and psychosocial status to identify needs, plan care, and evaluate outcomes. While identifying medical conditions and mental status may be part of the assessment, the focus is on how the patient responds to health challenges to guide nursing interventions.
Correct Answer:
Exploring patient responses to health problems
What does the term PROM stand for?
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Passive range of motion
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Positive range of motivation
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Positioning references on machines
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Position reversing motion
Explanation
Explanation:
PROM stands for Passive Range of Motion. These exercises involve the nurse or caregiver moving the patient’s joints through their normal range without the patient exerting effort. PROM helps maintain joint flexibility, prevent contractures, and improve circulation in patients who are unable to move independently. It is an essential component of rehabilitation and mobility care.
Correct Answer:
Passive range of motion
What is the first action a healthcare worker should take following a needle stick injury?
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Apply a bandage to the wound
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Notify a supervisor
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Wash the affected area with soap and water
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Document the incident in the patient's chart
Explanation
Explanation:
The first action after a needle stick injury is to wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. This immediate cleansing helps remove any potentially infectious material and reduces the risk of infection from bloodborne pathogens. After washing, the healthcare worker should notify a supervisor, follow institutional protocols for reporting and post-exposure management, and document the incident as required. Prompt action is critical for safety and infection control.
Correct Answer:
Wash the affected area with soap and water
What is the #1 way to prevent the spread of infection/HAIs?
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hand hygiene
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donning gloves
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using masks
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using a non-alcohol based soap
Explanation
Explanation:
Hand hygiene is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infections, including healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Proper handwashing or use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers removes or kills pathogens that can be transmitted via contact. While gloves, masks, and other protective measures provide additional protection, they do not replace the fundamental role of hand hygiene in breaking the chain of infection and maintaining patient and healthcare worker safety.
Correct Answer:
hand hygiene
Some of the basic principles of proper body mechanics to be used in handling patients are:
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Keep the load close to body, have adequate BOS, maintain a neutral trunk- isometric contraction of trunk (not valsalva), lift with legs, avoid twisting
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Keep the load close to the body, keep the feet close together, maintain neutral trunk, lift with the legs, avoid twisting
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Keep the load close to the body, have an adequate BOS, maintain trunk in flexed position, lift with legs, rotate trunk towards direction you are moving
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Keep the load at arms distance to your body, have an adequate BOS, maintain neutral trunk- isometric contraction of trunk (not valsalva), lift with legs, avoid twisting
Explanation
Explanation:
Proper body mechanics are essential to prevent injury to both the nurse and the patient. Key principles include keeping the load close to the body, maintaining an adequate base of support (BOS), keeping the trunk neutral with isometric contraction rather than straining or performing a Valsalva maneuver, lifting with the legs instead of the back, and avoiding twisting during movement. These practices optimize stability and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries during patient handling.
Correct Answer:
Keep the load close to body, have adequate BOS, maintain a neutral trunk- isometric contraction of trunk (not valsalva), lift with legs, avoid twisting
Which of the following techniques is essential for providing support to a patient during ambulation?
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Using a wheelchair to transport the patient
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Encouraging the patient to walk independently without assistance
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Holding the gait belt securely while walking beside the patient
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Positioning the patient in a lying position before ambulation
Explanation
Explanation:
Holding the gait belt securely while walking beside the patient is essential for providing support during ambulation. The gait belt allows the caregiver to stabilize the patient, assist with balance, and prevent falls while encouraging safe movement. Other options, such as using a wheelchair or having the patient walk independently, do not provide direct support to prevent injury during ambulation.
Correct Answer:
Holding the gait belt securely while walking beside the patient
What is the recommended frequency for performing a range of motion exercises during nurse-assisted ambulation to ensure effectiveness?
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Every hour throughout the day
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Once or twice a day, depending on the patient's condition
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Only when the patient requests it
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Three to four times a week
Explanation
Explanation:
Range of motion exercises are typically performed once or twice daily, tailored to the patient’s condition, tolerance, and rehabilitation goals. This frequency helps maintain joint flexibility, muscle strength, and circulation without overexerting the patient. Performing exercises too frequently or only on request may be ineffective or unsafe. The schedule should be individualized to ensure maximum benefit while promoting comfort and safety.
Correct Answer:
Once or twice a day, depending on the patient's condition
The nurse is preparing a patient for surgery and explains the importance of early ambulation postoperatively to prevent:
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Disorientation
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Wound infection
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Atelectasis
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Deep vein thrombosis
Explanation
Explanation:
Early ambulation after surgery is crucial because it helps prevent complications associated with immobility. One major risk is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which occurs when blood pools in the lower extremities, increasing the risk of clot formation. Walking also promotes lung expansion, reducing the risk of atelectasis, and supports circulation and muscle strength. While ambulation may indirectly aid overall recovery, its primary preventive focus is on DVT.
Correct Answer:
Deep vein thrombosis
What is the first action a nurse should take when encountering a patient suspected of poisoning?
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Administer activated charcoal immediately
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Assess the patient's vital signs and level of consciousness
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Contact poison control for guidance
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Perform a thorough physical examination
Explanation
Explanation:
The first action when a patient is suspected of poisoning is to assess the patient’s vital signs and level of consciousness. This initial assessment determines the patient’s stability and guides immediate life-saving interventions. While contacting poison control and providing treatments like activated charcoal are important, patient safety and monitoring come first to prevent deterioration or complications.
Correct Answer:
Assess the patient's vital signs and level of consciousness
Which of the following best describes the purpose of Passive Range of Motion (PROM) exercises in patient care?
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To improve muscle strength through active participation
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To maintain joint flexibility and prevent stiffness
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To enhance cardiovascular endurance
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To promote weight-bearing activities
Explanation
Explanation:
Passive Range of Motion (PROM) exercises are designed to maintain joint flexibility, prevent stiffness, and improve circulation in patients who are unable to move their joints independently. In PROM, the caregiver moves the patient’s joints through their normal range of motion without the patient exerting effort. These exercises help prevent contractures and maintain musculoskeletal health, supporting overall patient mobility and comfort.
Correct Answer:
To maintain joint flexibility and prevent stiffness
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