Introduction to IT - D322
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Free Introduction to IT - D322 Questions
How are information and knowledge different
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Knowledge emphasizes meaning, but information does not.
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Knowledge is based on understanding principles, but information is not.
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Knowledge involves understanding patterns, but information does not.
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Knowledge is inferred, but information is not.
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Knowledge is inferred, but information is not.
Explanation:
D. Knowledge is inferred, but information is not.
Information is processed data—facts that are explicitly stated. Knowledge goes a step further by being inferred through experience, reasoning, or learning. It's about interpreting information to understand what it means in context.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Knowledge emphasizes meaning, but information does not.
This is close, but information can have meaning too—it’s already more than raw data.
B. Knowledge is based on understanding principles, but information is not.
This more accurately applies to wisdom, which is built on principles.
C. Knowledge involves understanding patterns, but information does not.
Patterns can emerge at the information level too; knowledge is what we derive from recognizing and applying those patterns.
An IT department employee is identifying the integer data in a system.
What is one example of this type of data
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The street name as part of an address
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The year in which a major event happened
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Whether a number is positive or not
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A single keystroke from a standard keyboard
Explanation
Correct Answer B: The year in which a major event happened
Explanation:
B. The year in which a major event happened
This is an example of integer data, as it involves a whole number (e.g., 1990, 2025) with no decimal part.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. The street name as part of an address
This is text, so it would be stored as a character string, not an integer.
C. Whether a number is positive or not
This is a true/false condition, which should be stored as a Boolean, not an integer.
D. A single keystroke from a standard keyboard
A single keystroke is a character, stored as a character data type, not an integer.
Which category of software is installed as a trial and can be upgraded for a lee
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Freeware
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Closed-source
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Public domain
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Shareware
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Shareware
Explanation:
D. Shareware
Shareware is software that is distributed for free on a trial basis, often with limited features or usage time. After the trial period, users are usually required to pay a fee to unlock the full version or continue using it legally.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Freeware
Freeware is completely free to use and does not require payment or upgrades after installation.
B. Closed-source
Closed-source software refers to programs whose source code is not shared with the public. It doesn’t describe the pricing model.
C. Public domain
Public domain software is free to use, modify, and distribute without any restrictions or fees. It is not limited by a trial period.
The leader of an IT department has decided to use a database in which data is stored in a variety of tables that can be joined together in logical ways
Which type of database is described
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NoSQL
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Flat-file
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Distributed
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Relational
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Relational
Explanation:
D. Relational
A relational database organizes data into multiple tables (relations) that can be logically linked using keys. This model supports powerful querying and data integrity through the use of Structured Query Language (SQL).
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. NoSQL
NoSQL databases are used for unstructured or semi-structured data and do not rely on traditional table relationships.
B. Flat-file
Flat-file databases store data in a single table or file without relationships—unlike the multi-table structure in relational databases.
C. Distributed
A distributed database spans multiple physical locations, which can apply to many database types including relational, but it refers to the storage architecture, not the logical structure of tables and relationships.
Which hardware component stores data and instructions while they are being used
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Central processing unit (CPU)
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Graphics processing unit (GPU)
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Read-only memory (ROM)
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Random-access memory (RAM)
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Random-access memory (RAM)
Explanation:
D. Random-access memory (RAM)
RAM temporarily stores data and instructions that the CPU needs while a program is running. It allows for quick access and manipulation, enabling fast performance during active processes.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Central processing unit (CPU)
The CPU processes data but does not store it for ongoing use. It retrieves data from RAM to perform tasks.
B. Graphics processing unit (GPU)
The GPU handles graphics rendering, not general-purpose data storage or instruction handling during use.
C. Read-only memory (ROM)
ROM stores permanent instructions, such as firmware, and cannot be used to store data dynamically during program execution.
The leader of an IT department decided to use a database in which access to the dala is restricted to the patlis in the trees and is, therefore, predictable.
Which type of database is described
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NoSOL
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Relational
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Cloud
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Hierarchical
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Hierarchical
Explanation:
D. Hierarchical
A hierarchical database organizes data in a tree-like structure, where each record has one parent and possibly many children. Access to data is predictable and follows fixed paths, making it suitable for applications requiring a clear parent-child relationship.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. NoSQL
NoSQL databases are more flexible and don't rely on tree-like structures or fixed access paths.
B. Relational
Relational databases organize data in tables and allow flexible access through queries, not restricted paths.
C. Cloud
"Cloud" refers to where the database is hosted, not how it is structured or accessed. It can host any type of database.
What characterizes a ring network topology
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Every device being connected to exactly two other devices
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Every device being connected to every other device
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All devices being connected to a single central device
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Devices being connected to a common communication line
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Every device being connected to exactly two other devices
Explanation:
In a ring topology, each device (node) is connected to two other devices, forming a circular pathway for signals. Data travels in one direction or both directions (in a dual ring), making the structure resemble a ring.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Every device being connected to every other device
This describes a mesh topology, not a ring. In mesh, each node is directly connected to all others.
C. All devices being connected to a single central device
This is a star topology, where nodes are connected to a central hub or switch.
D. Devices being connected to a common communication line
This describes a bus topology, where all devices share a single backbone or communication line.
which wired transmission medium is able to transmit the largest volumes of data when compared with other cables
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Unshielded twisted pair cable
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Fiber-optic cable
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Shielded twisted pair cable
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Coaxial cable
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Fiber-optic cable
Explanation:
Fiber-optic cables transmit data using light signals, allowing for extremely high bandwidth and faster speeds over long distances with minimal signal loss. They are the best option for transmitting large volumes of data efficiently.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Unshielded twisted pair cable
While commonly used in networking (e.g., Ethernet), it has lower bandwidth and is more prone to electromagnetic interference compared to fiber-optic cables.
C. Shielded twisted pair cable
Provides better protection from interference than unshielded cables but still cannot match the data capacity and speed of fiber-optic cables.
D. Coaxial cable
Used for cable television and older network setups, but has limited bandwidth compared to fiber optics and is not suitable for the highest data volumes.
Which networking technology converts incoming analog data into digital and outgoing digital data into analog
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Firewall
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Modem
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Server
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Router
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Modem
Explanation:
A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines (modulation) and converts incoming analog signals into digital form (demodulation). It enables internet access over traditional phone lines or cable systems.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Firewall
A firewall monitors and controls network traffic based on security rules. It does not perform data format conversion.
C. Server
A server provides services and resources to other devices on the network but does not convert analog and digital signals.
D. Router
A router directs data packets between networks but does not convert analog to digital or vice versa.
Which type of software provides the infrastructure needed to run other types of software
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System
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Shareware
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Productivity
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Collaboration
Explanation
Correct Answer A: System
Explanation:
A. System
System software provides the core infrastructure for running application software and managing hardware. Examples include operating systems (like Windows, macOS, or Linux), device drivers, and utilities. These are essential for supporting and executing all other types of software.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Shareware
Shareware refers to trial-based software that users can try before purchasing. It does not provide system infrastructure.
C. Productivity
Productivity software includes tools like word processors and spreadsheets, which rely on system software to function but do not provide infrastructure themselves.
D. Collaboration
Collaboration software enables team interaction and project management (e.g., Zoom, Google Workspace), but it runs on top of system software, not instead of it.
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