Introduction to IT - D322
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Free Introduction to IT - D322 Questions
Based on ari analysis of a company's needs, a database should be installed so that records are stored in structures consisting of data and methods
What is the name of the database that satisfies this need
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Distributed
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NoSQL
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Flat-file
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Object-oriented
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Object-oriented
Explanation
:D. Object-oriented
An object-oriented database stores data in the form of objects, which include both data (attributes) and methods (functions or procedures). This structure aligns closely with object-oriented programming and is ideal for complex data relationships and behaviors.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Distributed
A distributed database spreads data across multiple locations but doesn't inherently use object-based storage.
B. NoSQL
NoSQL databases support unstructured and semi-structured data, often in key-value, document, or graph formats—not objects with methods.
C. Flat-file
Flat-file databases store data in a single table or file and do not support objects or methods.
What is one of the goals of IT professional organizations
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Coordinating data exchange policies between states
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Raising public awareness
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Brokering international trade agreements
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Producing government regulations
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Raising public awareness
Explanation:
IT professional organizations aim to educate the public, promote best practices, and raise awareness about emerging technologies, ethical standards, and data protection. This helps build trust and understanding between the tech industry and society.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Coordinating data exchange policies between states
This is typically handled by government agencies, not professional organizations.
C. Brokering international trade agreements
This is the role of government trade departments, not IT professional organizations.
D. Producing government regulations
While they may advise or influence policy, professional organizations do not create regulations—that’s the responsibility of legislative and regulatory bodies.
What is one example of a professional organization in the IT industry
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Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS)
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National Security Agency (NSA)
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Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Explanation
Correct Answer C: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
Explanation:
The AAAI is a professional organization that promotes research, education, and responsible use of artificial intelligence. It brings together researchers, professionals, and academics in the AI field, making it a recognized professional body in the IT industry.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS)
A research and engineering arm of the U.S. government, not a professional membership organization.
B. National Security Agency (NSA)
A government intelligence agency, not a professional organization.
D. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
A regulatory body overseeing communications law and policy, not a professional IT organization.
Which category represents one of the three broad types of risks that a project may encounter
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Risks in integration
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Risks of disagreement
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Risks in planning
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Risks of dependencies
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Risks of dependencies
Explanation:
Dependency risks occur when the success of one task or deliverable relies on the completion or success of another. This is one of the three broad types of project risks, alongside technical risks and external risks. Dependency risks can lead to delays if a prerequisite task is not completed on time.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Risks in integration
Integration may be part of technical risk but is not recognized as a broad risk category on its own.
B. Risks of disagreement
Disagreements may cause issues but are generally considered part of stakeholder or interpersonal risks, not a broad formal risk category.
C. Risks in planning
Planning errors can introduce risk, but "risks in planning" is not a recognized broad category like dependency, technical, or external risks.
Which part of a computer system contains the instructions for initializing various computer components7
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Graphics processing unit (GPU)
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Random-access memory (RAM)
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Central processing unit (CPU)
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Read-only memory (ROM)
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Read-only memory (ROM)
Explanation:
D. Read-only memory (ROM)
ROM contains the firmware or BIOS, which includes the startup instructions used to initialize hardware components when the computer is turned on. These instructions remain intact even when the computer is powered off.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Graphics processing unit (GPU)
The GPU handles rendering images and video, not system initialization.
B. Random-access memory (RAM)
RAM is temporary memory used while programs are running; it does not contain permanent startup instructions.
C. Central processing unit (CPU)
The CPU executes instructions, but it relies on instructions stored in ROM to begin the boot process. It doesn’t store the initialization code itself.
Which computing generation is associated with the replacement of machine languages by assembly languages
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First
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Second
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Third
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Fourth
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Second
Explanation:
The second generation of computing saw the introduction of assembly languages, which replaced the more complex machine language used in the first generation. These languages allowed for symbolic code, making programming more human-readable and manageable.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. First
The first generation used machine language directly—binary instructions specific to hardware.
C. Third
The third generation introduced high-level programming languages (like COBOL and FORTRAN), not assembly language.
D. Fourth
The fourth generation focused on microprocessors and more user-friendly software environments, not low-level programming languages.
What is a professional organization that publishes a set of ethical IT guidelines
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National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)
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National Security Agency (NSA)
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Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS)
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)
Explanation:
The AITP is a professional organization that promotes ethical standards, career development, and continuing education in the IT field. It provides a code of ethics and guidelines for professional behavior among IT practitioners.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Focuses on technical standards and cybersecurity frameworks, not ethics guidelines.
C. National Security Agency (NSA)
A government agency focused on intelligence and security, not a professional body that publishes ethics codes.
D. Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS)
A research division under the Department of Commerce, not a professional organization for IT ethics.
What is the name of a network that consists of a collection of computers in a single building or building complex
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Wide area network (WAN)
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Personal area network (PAN)
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Extended area network (EAN)
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Local area network (LAN)
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Local area network (LAN)
Explanation:
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited area, such as a single building, office, or campus. It allows for high-speed communication and resource sharing among connected devices.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Wide area network (WAN)
A WAN covers a large geographical area, often connecting LANs across cities, countries, or globally (e.g., the internet).
B. Personal area network (PAN)
A PAN is designed for very short-range connections—typically within a few meters—such as between a smartphone and wireless earbuds.
C. Extended area network (EAN)
EAN is not a standard term in networking. It’s sometimes used informally but not recognized as a formal category like LAN, WAN, or PAN.
Which term describes the JavaScript computer coding language
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Machine
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Assembly
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Interpreted
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Compiled
Explanation
Correct Answer C: Interpreted
Explanation:
JavaScript is an interpreted language, meaning its code is executed line-by-line at runtime by a web browser or interpreter, rather than being compiled into machine code beforehand.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Machine
Machine language consists of binary code that is directly executed by a computer’s CPU. JavaScript must be interpreted, not run directly as machine code.
B. Assembly
Assembly language is a low-level language that is closer to machine code and specific to a CPU architecture. JavaScript is a high-level language.
D. Compiled
Compiled languages are transformed into machine code before execution. JavaScript is not compiled in the traditional sense but interpreted at runtime.
What is one of the three broad categories of risks that a project may encounter
-
Risks of disagreement
-
Risks of the unknown
-
Risks in planning
-
Risks of dependencies
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Risks of dependencies
Explanation:
Dependency risks arise when a project task depends on the completion of another task, deliverable, or external input. These are one of the three broad risk categories in project management, along with technical risks and external risks.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Risks of disagreement
This refers more to interpersonal or stakeholder conflict, which is not classified as one of the three main project risk categories.
B. Risks of the unknown
While uncertainty is a general feature of risk, “risks of the unknown” is too vague to be a formal category.
C. Risks in planning
Planning may introduce risk, but it is not one of the three main categories. Instead, it’s part of how you manage and mitigate risks.
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