CHEM 101 (E-1) Chemistry I - Ramsey Exam 2 - Eastwick College
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Free CHEM 101 (E-1) Chemistry I - Ramsey Exam 2 - Eastwick College Questions
Metals tend to ____ electrons to form ions of ____ charge.
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lose; negative
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gain; positive
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gain; neutral
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lose; positive
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gain; negative
Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) lose; positive
Metals generally have few electrons in their outermost shell and tend to lose these electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of the nearest noble gas. Losing negatively charged electrons results in the metal atom having more protons than electrons, giving it a net positive charge, forming a cation.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Lose; negative If a metal loses electrons, it would have more protons than electrons, resulting in a positive charge, not a negative charge.
B. Gain; positive If a metal gained electrons, it would have more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge, not a positive charge.
C. Gain; neutral Gaining electrons changes the charge balance of an atom, so the result would not be neutral; it would become negatively charged.
E. Gain; negative While gaining electrons does result in a negative charge, this is characteristic of nonmetals, not metals, which typically lose electrons rather than gain them.
I. Alcohol II. Aspirin III. Gasoline IV. Table salt
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IV only
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II and IV
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I and II
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II, III, and IV
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II and III
Explanation
Organic compounds are defined as substances that contain carbon atoms, typically bonded to hydrogen and other elements. Alcohol, aspirin, and gasoline are all carbon-containing compounds and are therefore classified as organic. Table salt (NaCl) is an ionic compound composed of sodium and chloride ions, containing no carbon, making it the only substance in the list that is not an organic compound.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. II and IV Aspirin (C9H8O4) is a well-known organic compound containing a carbon skeleton, making its inclusion as non-organic incorrect.
C. I and II Both alcohol and aspirin contain carbon and are organic compounds, so neither belongs in a list of non-organic substances.
D. II, III, and IV Aspirin and gasoline are both organic compounds, making their inclusion here incorrect. Only table salt is non-organic.
E. II and III Both aspirin and gasoline are carbon-containing organic compounds, so neither should be classified as non-organic.
A sample of heptane always contains 84% carbon and 16% hydrogen. Which of these best explains this phenomena?
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Law of Constant Composition
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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Law of Mass Action
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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Lavoisier's Law
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Law of Constant Composition
The Law of Constant Composition, also known as the Law of Definite Proportions, states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same fixed proportions by mass, regardless of the source or amount of the sample. Heptane consistently containing 84% carbon and 16% hydrogen in every sample directly demonstrates this principle.
Why the other options are incorrect:
B. Dalton's Atomic Theory Dalton's Atomic Theory describes the fundamental nature of atoms, including that they are indivisible and combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds, but it does not specifically address the fixed percentage composition observed in repeated samples.
C. Law of Mass Action The Law of Mass Action relates to the rates of chemical reactions and equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products, which is unrelated to the fixed elemental composition of a compound.
D. Law of Conservation of Mass The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, which pertains to reaction mass balance rather than the fixed percentage composition of a substance.
E. Lavoisier's Law This is not a standard, distinctly named law in chemistry that specifically addresses fixed compositional percentages in compounds.
Which of these statements about an atom is incorrect?
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The mass number minus the atomic number equals the number of neutrons in the atom.
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The number of protons equals the number of electrons.
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The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom.
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The number of protons always equals the number of neutrons.
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The number of protons equals the atomic number.
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) The number of protons always equals the number of neutrons.
This statement is incorrect because protons and neutrons are not always equal in number. While some lighter elements like carbon-12 (6 protons, 6 neutrons) happen to have equal counts, many elements and isotopes have more neutrons than protons. For example, uranium-235 has 92 protons but 143 neutrons. There is no rule requiring proton and neutron counts to be equal.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. The mass number minus the atomic number equals the number of neutrons — This is a true and standard formula: neutrons = mass number − atomic number.
B. The number of protons equals the number of electrons — This is true for neutral atoms. Protons and electrons are equal in number, giving the atom no net charge.
C. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom — This is the correct definition of mass number and is therefore a true statement.
E. The number of protons equals the atomic number — This is also true and is the very definition of the atomic number.
What is the formula mass of cholesterol, C27H46O?
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208 amu
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386 amu
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224 amu
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180 amu
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194 amu
Explanation
The formula mass of cholesterol is calculated by summing the atomic masses of all atoms in the molecular formula: 27 carbon atoms (27 × 12.011), 46 hydrogen atoms (46 × 1.008), and 1 oxygen atom (15.999). Adding these together gives a total formula mass of approximately 386.66 amu, which rounds to 386 amu, confirmed by calculation.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. 208 amu This value is far too low and does not account for the full atomic composition of cholesterol's 27 carbon, 46 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen atoms.
C. 224 amu This value is too low and does not match the correct summation of atomic masses for the complete cholesterol molecular formula.
D. 180 amu This value is significantly too low and likely reflects an incomplete or incorrect calculation of the molecular formula's components.
E. 194 amu This value is also far too low to account for the full mass contribution of all 27 carbon, 46 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen atoms in cholesterol.
Which of these is the correct condensed structural formula for pentane?
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CH3CH2CH2CH3
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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
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CH3CH2CH3
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CH3CH2=CH2CH3
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CH3CH2HC=CHCH3
Explanation
Pentane is a five-carbon straight-chain alkane with the molecular formula C5H12. Its condensed structural formula is written by showing the five carbon atoms in sequence: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, where the first and last carbon are terminal methyl groups (CH3) and the three middle carbons are methylene groups (CH2), all connected by single bonds.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. CH3CH2CH2CH3 This represents butane, a four-carbon alkane, not pentane.
C. CH3CH2CH3 This represents propane, a three-carbon alkane, not pentane.
D. CH3CH2=CH2CH3 This formula contains a double bond (=), which makes it an alkene, not the saturated alkane pentane.
E. CH3CH2HC=CHCH3 This formula contains a double bond and is therefore an alkene, not a saturated alkane like pentane.
What are the Z and A values for an atom of krypton that contains 46 neutrons?
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Z=36, A=46
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Z=46, A=36
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Z=82, A=46
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Z=36, A=82
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Z=82, A=36
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) Z=36, A=82
Krypton (Kr) has an atomic number (Z) of 36, meaning it has 36 protons. The mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons: A = 36 + 46 = 82. Therefore Z = 36 and A = 82.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Z=36, A=46 — While Z is correct, A=46 only accounts for the neutrons and ignores the 36 protons. Mass number must include both protons and neutrons.
B. Z=46, A=36 — This reverses the values, assigning the neutron count to Z and the proton count to A, which is the opposite of the correct calculation.
C. Z=82, A=46 — This incorrectly uses the mass number as the atomic number and the neutron count as the mass number, confusing all three values.
E. Z=82, A=36 — This assigns the mass number to Z and the atomic number to A, completely reversing the correct values for krypton.
Which of these is the correct name for Rb₃N?
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Rubidium trinitride
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Radon nitride
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Triradon nitride
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Trirubidium trinitride
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Rubidium nitride
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (E) Rubidium nitride
Rb₃N is an ionic compound formed between rubidium (Rb⁺) and the nitride ion (N³⁻). In ionic nomenclature, no prefixes are used. The metal is simply named first (rubidium), followed by the nonmetal with an "-ide" suffix (nitride), giving us "rubidium nitride." The subscript 3 reflects the ratio needed to balance charges and is not expressed in the name.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Rubidium trinitride — The prefix "tri-" is incorrect for ionic compounds. Prefixes are only used when naming covalent compounds.
B. Radon nitride — Radon (Rn) is a noble gas, not rubidium (Rb). These are entirely different elements and this name is chemically inaccurate.
C. Triradon nitride — This uses both the wrong element (radon instead of rubidium) and an incorrect prefix, making it doubly wrong.
D. Trirubidium trinitride — Ionic compounds never use numerical prefixes in their names, regardless of the subscripts present in the formula.
What is the correct name for K₂O?
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Potassium dioxide
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Potassium oxygen
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Potassium monoxide
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Dipotassium dioxide
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Potassium oxide
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (E) Potassium oxide
K₂O is an ionic compound composed of potassium (K⁺) and oxide (O²⁻) ions. When naming binary ionic compounds, the metal is named first followed by the nonmetal with an -ide suffix. Since potassium is a Group 1 metal with only one possible charge (1+), no Roman numeral is needed. Two potassium ions are required to balance one oxide ion (2 × 1+ = 2+, balanced by 1 × 2-), but ionic compound names do not use prefixes to indicate the number of ions. The correct name is simply potassium oxide.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Potassium dioxide — The prefix "di-" is used in covalent (molecular) compound naming, not ionic compound naming. Additionally, dioxide would imply two oxygen atoms (O₂²⁻), which does not match the formula K₂O.
B. Potassium oxygen — Nonmetals in ionic compounds must have the -ide suffix. "Oxygen" without the -ide ending is not the correct naming format for the anion in this compound.
C. Potassium monoxide — The prefix "mono-" is used for covalent compounds, not ionic compounds. Ionic compound naming does not use numerical prefixes.
D. Dipotassium dioxide — Both "di-" prefixes are inappropriate for ionic compound naming, and "dioxide" incorrectly implies two oxygen atoms rather than one.
Which of these substances is a compound?
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H₂
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Pb
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Cl₂
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NO
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Na
Explanation
Explanation:
Correct Answer: (D) NO
A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. Nitric oxide (NO) consists of one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom — two different elements — covalently bonded together, making it a compound.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. H₂ — Hydrogen gas consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded together. Because it contains only one type of element, it is a diatomic element, not a compound.
B. Pb — Lead is a pure metallic element represented by a single type of atom. Pure elements are not compounds.
C. Cl₂ — Chlorine gas consists of two chlorine atoms bonded together. Like H₂, it is a diatomic element containing only one type of element and is therefore not a compound.
E. Na — Sodium is a pure metallic element and consists of only one type of atom. It is an element, not a compound.
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