ATI TEAS Version 7 - Science
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Free ATI TEAS Version 7 - Science Questions
Which of the following structures drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys
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Renal artery
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Urethra
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Ureter
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Renal vein
Explanation
Correct Answer D. Renal vein
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The renal vein is responsible for draining oxygen-depleted (deoxygenated) blood from the kidneys and returning it to the inferior vena cava, which carries it back to the heart. This occurs after the kidneys have filtered waste and excess substances from the blood.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Renal artery
The renal artery delivers oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys from the heart — it does not drain blood.
B. Urethra
The urethra is part of the urinary system, not the circulatory system. It carries urine out of the body, not blood.
C. Ureter
The ureter also belongs to the urinary system and transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder. It has nothing to do with blood flow.
Which of the following structures is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions that control the contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle?
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Myosin filaments
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Troponin complex
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Cellular cytoskeleton
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells. It plays a crucial role in the contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle by storing calcium ions and releasing them into the cytosol when a muscle fiber is stimulated. The sudden influx of calcium ions initiates the interaction between actin and myosin filaments, triggering muscle contraction. When the calcium is reabsorbed, the muscle relaxes.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Myosin filaments
Myosin filaments are involved in the actual contraction of the muscle by pulling on actin filaments, but they do not store or regulate calcium. Their role is mechanical, not regulatory in terms of ion storage or release.
Troponin complex
The troponin complex binds calcium to initiate muscle contraction, but it does not store or release calcium itself. It is a calcium-binding regulatory protein that acts downstream of calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Cellular cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and maintains cell shape, but it is not involved in calcium ion storage or the contraction-relaxation cycle. It lacks the specialized function of calcium regulation necessary for muscle contraction.
Which of the following is true regarding the structure of atoms?
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The neutrons make up a significant part of the atomic mass.
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Isotopes of an element differ in the number of protons in the nucleus.
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The amount of charge on a proton is greater than the amount of charge on an electron.
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The mass of each electron is the same as the mass of each proton.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
The neutrons make up a significant part of the atomic mass.
Explanation:
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus and contribute nearly all of the atom’s mass. Neutrons, though neutral in charge, are nearly equal in mass to protons and thus make up a significant portion of the atomic mass. Electrons, by contrast, are extremely light and contribute negligibly to the total mass of the atom.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Isotopes of an element differ in the number of protons in the nucleus.
This is incorrect because isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. The number of protons defines the element, and changing it would change the element itself, not just its isotope.
The amount of charge on a proton is greater than the amount of charge on an electron.
This is false. A proton and an electron have equal but opposite charges. The proton is positively charged (+1), and the electron is negatively charged (−1). Their magnitudes are the same, which is a fundamental principle of atomic structure.
The mass of each electron is the same as the mass of each proton.
This is incorrect because electrons are much lighter than protons. A proton is about 1,836 times more massive than an electron. Therefore, electrons contribute minimally to the atom’s mass.
Which of these pathogens is typically transmitted by biting fleas carried by infected rats
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Yersinia pestis
Explanation
Correct Answer D. Yersinia pestis
Explanation:
Yersinia pestis is the bacterium responsible for causing plague, including the bubonic plague. It is typically transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas that have fed on infected rats. This mode of transmission played a major role in historic plague outbreaks, including the Black Death in the 14th century. The bacterium can cause severe illness and, if untreated, can be fatal. Modern antibiotics are effective against Yersinia pestis if administered early.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
This bacterium causes diphtheria, a respiratory infection spread through airborne droplets and respiratory secretions, not via fleas or rats.
B. Neisseria meningitidis
This bacterium causes meningococcal meningitis and is spread through direct person-to-person contact via respiratory and throat secretions, not by fleas.
C. Plasmodium falciparum
This is a protozoan parasite that causes the most severe form of malaria. It is transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, not fleas or rats.
Which of the following is the approximate threshold value for mammalian neurons
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0 mV
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+35 mV
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-80 mV
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-55 mV
Explanation
Correct Answer D. -55 mV
Explanation:
The threshold value is the membrane potential that must be reached for a neuron to fire an action potential. In most mammalian neurons, this threshold is approximately -55 millivolts (mV). When the membrane potential reaches this level, voltage-gated sodium channels open, initiating the rapid depolarization phase of the action potential. If this value is not reached, the neuron will not fire.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A. 0 mV
0 mV represents a point of electrical neutrality but is well above the threshold. It occurs during or after depolarization, not at the point where the neuron decides to fire.
B. +35 mV
+35 mV is the peak of the action potential, not the threshold. It represents full depolarization, occurring after the threshold has already been crossed.
C. -80 mV
-80 mV is closer to the resting membrane potential of some neurons (typically around -70 mV), or may occur during hyperpolarization. It is below the threshold and would prevent firing.
A biochemist has invented a new drug intended to reduce blood pressure. When this is tested on humans, which of the following groups will those who receive a placebo be in?
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Dependent
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Control
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Experimental
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Baseline
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Control
Explanation:
In a scientific experiment, the control group is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a benchmark to compare results. Individuals receiving a placebo are part of the control group, which helps determine whether the effects of the actual drug differ from no treatment or a psychologically inactive one. This comparison enhances the reliability of the experiment’s conclusions.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Dependent
This is incorrect because the dependent variable refers to what is measured in the experiment (e.g., blood pressure), not the group of participants.
Experimental
This is incorrect because the experimental group receives the actual drug or treatment being tested—not the placebo.
Baseline
This is incorrect because while “baseline” can refer to initial measurements taken before treatment, it is not the correct term for a group of participants in a controlled experiment.
In pea plants, green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pod color (g). A cross was done between a plant with green pods and a plant with yellow pods. Of the resulting offspring, 50% had green pods and 50% had yellow pods. Which of the following were the genotypes of both parent plants
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Gg × Gg
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GG × gg
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Gg × gg
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gg × gg
Explanation
Correct Answer C: Gg × gg
Explanation of Correct Answer:
In this genetic cross:
Green pod color (G) is dominant, so plants with Gg or GG genotypes will have green pods.
Yellow pod color (g) is recessive, so a plant must have the gg genotype to have yellow pods.
The offspring show 50% green and 50% yellow pods. This outcome only occurs when:
One parent is Gg (heterozygous green), and
The other is gg (homozygous yellow).
Using a Punnett square:
Parent genotypes: Gg × gg
2 Gg (green pods)
2 gg (yellow pods)
So: 50% green, 50% yellow
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Gg × Gg
This would produce 75% green and 25% yellow offspring (1 GG, 2 Gg, 1 gg).
B. GG × gg
All offspring would be Gg and show green pods, not 50% yellow.
D. gg × gg
All offspring would be gg, producing 100% yellow pods.
The following information must be communicated in a general newspaper article:
"Most living animal species belong to the infrakingdom Bilateria, a highly proliferative clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The vast majority belong to two large superphyla: the protostomes, which include organisms such as the arthropods, mollusks, flatworms, annelids, and nematodes; and the deuterostomes, which include the echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates, the latter of which contains the vertebrates."
Which of the following types of graphs should the editor use to best present this information and show overlap between the different organisms
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Scatter plot
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Pie chart
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Venn diagram
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Histogram
Explanation
Correct Answer C. Venn diagram
Explanation:
A Venn diagram is ideal for illustrating overlaps and relationships between groups, such as the different clades and superphyla mentioned. It can visually show how groups like protostomes and deuterostomes relate to each other within Bilateria.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A. Scatter plot
Used for showing relationships between two numerical variables, not categorical overlaps.
B. Pie chart
Shows parts of a whole but does not effectively display overlaps between groups.
D. Histogram
Displays frequency distribution of numerical data, not relationships or overlaps.
An experienced mountaineer decides to climb Mount Everest, taking the same route in the same season and with similar materials and equipment used in a fatal 1924 expedition. Which of the following is the scientific purpose of such a climb
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To measure the oxygen levels at high elevation
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To assess why the earlier expedition failed
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To show that modern technology makes climbing safer
Explanation
Correct Answer B. To assess why the earlier expedition failed
Explanation of Correct Answer:
By replicating the same conditions (route, season, equipment, and materials) as the 1924 climb, the mountaineer is essentially conducting a historical experiment. The goal is to test the feasibility of the climb under those original conditions to determine whether environmental factors, equipment limitations, or human capability may have contributed to the failure. This type of scientific reenactment is used to better understand past events.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. To measure the oxygen levels at high elevation
While oxygen levels could be measured, this is not the main purpose of replicating the climb using historical methods. Oxygen levels are already well-documented.
C. To show that modern technology makes climbing safer
The climb specifically avoids modern technology. The purpose is to understand what happened without modern advantages, not to promote their benefits.
Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances
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High specific heat
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High surface tension
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Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules
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Polarity of water molecules
Explanation
Correct Answer D. Polarity of water molecules
Explanation:
Water’s polarity—having a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom and partial positive charges near the hydrogen atoms—allows it to interact with and dissolve many polar and ionic substances. The polar water molecules surround and separate charged or polar molecules, effectively dissolving them. This property makes water an excellent universal solvent, critical for biological and chemical processes.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A. High specific heat
This refers to water’s ability to absorb heat without a large temperature change but does not directly explain solvent ability.
B. High surface tension
Surface tension results from hydrogen bonding and affects water’s surface behavior, not its ability to dissolve substances.
C. Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules
Kinetic energy relates to the motion of molecules and temperature, not water’s chemical interactions or solvent properties
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