PN 106 Foundations of Nursing Fundamentals at Nightgale College PN
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Free PN 106 Foundations of Nursing Fundamentals at Nightgale College PN Questions
A nurse is reviewing dietary restrictions with a patient who follows the Jewish faith. What is the rule regarding the consumption of meat and milk in this religion?
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Meat and milk must be eaten together for proper nutrition
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Meat and milk can be consumed together if prepared separately
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Eating meat and milk together is prohibited or strongly discouraged at the same meal
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Only milk products are prohibited, but meat may be eaten freely
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. Eating meat and milk together is prohibited or strongly discouraged at the same meal
Explanation of Correct Answer
In Jewish dietary law (kashrut), meat and dairy products must not be consumed together during the same meal. Separate preparation areas, utensils, and even time intervals between eating meat and milk are often observed. This rule is rooted in religious teachings and is an important part of maintaining a kosher diet. Nurses should respect and accommodate this belief when planning meals or providing care.
A nurse is assessing an elderly patient for possible fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Which symptom would be most concerning and require further evaluation?
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Increased appetite
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Confusion
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Strong thirst sensation
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Improved skin turgor
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. Confusion
Explanation of Correct Answer
In older adults, confusion is a key symptom of fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Age-related changes reduce the body’s ability to maintain fluid balance, and older patients may not always express thirst. Electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, or fluid overload can alter neurological function, leading to confusion. This symptom should always be taken seriously, as it may indicate an underlying imbalance requiring prompt correction.
A client has been prescribed eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. The nurse is observing the client self-administer the eye drops. Which action by the client requires further teaching?
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The client looks upward toward the ceiling and administers the eye drops in the conjunctival sac
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While administering the eye drops, a drop lands on the client's outer lid, so the client administers another drop.
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The client cleans the eye from the inner to the outer canthus
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The client touches the conjunctival sac with the eyedropper to make sure she is in the correct location
Explanation
Correct Answer:
D. The client touches the conjunctival sac with the eyedropper to make sure she is in the correct location.
Explanation of Correct Answer
The tip of the eyedropper must never touch the eye or conjunctival sac because it contaminates the dropper and increases the risk of introducing infection into the eye. Sterility of the medication container is essential in preventing complications, especially in clients with glaucoma who are already at risk for vision loss. The dropper should be held just above the conjunctival sac without making contact.
A nurse is assessing a patient who reports occasional urinary leakage because they cannot reach the bathroom in time. The nurse recognizes this as which type of urinary incontinence?
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Stress incontinence
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Urge incontinence
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Functional incontinence
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Overflow incontinence
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. Functional incontinence
Explanation of Correct Answer
Functional incontinence occurs when a patient has normal bladder control but cannot reach the bathroom in time due to physical limitations, environmental barriers, or cognitive impairment. The problem is not with the urinary tract itself but with the ability to access toileting facilities. Addressing mobility, environment, or support needs can help reduce episodes of functional incontinence.
The UAP reports the client is complaining of dizziness and nausea after the administration of eardrops. What is the most likely cause of the dizziness?
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Cerumen or drainage is occluding the ear canal
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The client failed to remain in the side-lying position long enough.
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Too much pressure was applied during instillation, with subsequent injury to the eardrum.
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The medication was too cold when it was administered.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
D. The medication was too cold when it was administered.
Explanation of Correct Answer
Eardrops that are too cold can stimulate the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear, leading to dizziness, vertigo, and nausea. This occurs because the temperature difference alters fluid movement in the semicircular canals, disturbing balance. To prevent this, ear medications should be warmed to room temperature before administration, ensuring comfort and avoiding vestibular side effects.
A nurse is reviewing proper care of an indwelling urinary catheter with a student nurse. Which of the following should be included in the procedure?
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Keep the drainage bag above the level of the bladder to promote flow
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Maintain a closed drainage system at all times
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Disconnect the tubing regularly to measure urine output
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Provide perineal care only once daily
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. Maintain a closed drainage system at all times
Explanation of Correct Answer
Maintaining a closed drainage system is a critical step in preventing infection with an indwelling catheter. Along with this, the nurse should measure urine output regularly, observe drainage and urine characteristics at each encounter, keep the drainage bag below the bladder to prevent backflow, provide perineal and insertion site care twice daily, and secure the catheter to the leg. These measures promote comfort, accurate monitoring, and infection prevention.
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with a history of urinary tract infections. The nurse explains that which food or juice may increase the risk of urinary tract infection?
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Apple juice
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Cranberry juice
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Acid citrus fruits and juices
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Blueberries
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. Acid citrus fruits and juices
Explanation of Correct Answer
Acid citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges or grapefruit, can irritate the bladder lining and may increase discomfort or the risk of urinary tract infections in susceptible patients. While they do not directly cause infection, their acidic nature can worsen urinary tract irritation, making symptoms more pronounced and potentially contributing to recurrent episodes.
Before the nurse administers a liquid medication to an 83-year-old male client, the nurse should:
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mix thoroughly in applesauce or pudding
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assess the swallowing reflex by offering a sip of water.
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ask the client if he would prefer to give the medication to himself
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assess the ability to understand information relative to the medication.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. assess the swallowing reflex by offering a sip of water.
Explanation of Correct Answer
Older adults are at increased risk for dysphagia due to age-related changes in muscle strength and coordination, as well as potential neurological conditions. Before giving liquid medication, the nurse must ensure the client can safely swallow to prevent aspiration. Offering a sip of water first allows the nurse to observe swallowing ability and confirm safety prior to administration.
A nurse is reviewing pathology results with a patient recently diagnosed with cancer. The report states the tumor is in situ. How should the nurse explain this finding?
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The cancer cells have spread to distant organs
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The neoplastic cells remain in one area and are localized
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The tumor is benign and noncancerous
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The cancer cells are only found in the bloodstream
Explanation
Correct Answer:
B. The neoplastic cells remain in one area and are localized
Explanation of Correct Answer
The term in situ means that abnormal or neoplastic cells are confined to the place where they originated and have not invaded surrounding tissues or spread to other areas. This stage is often considered an early or precancerous condition. Because the cells are localized, treatment at this stage usually has a better prognosis compared to invasive cancers.
A nurse is attending a workshop on providing culturally competent care. How is cultural sensitivity best defined?
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Learning only the language of another culture to improve communication
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Avoiding all discussions about cultural beliefs with patients
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The ability to engage and communicate with an individual from another culture in a manner that demonstrates respect for their cultural norms and beliefs
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Expecting patients to adapt fully to the nurse’s cultural practices
Explanation
Correct Answer:
C. The ability to engage and communicate with an individual from another culture in a manner that demonstrates respect for their cultural norms and beliefs
Explanation of Correct Answer
Cultural sensitivity means being aware of and respectful toward cultural differences, values, and practices when interacting with others. It requires effective communication that acknowledges and honors cultural norms rather than imposing one’s own. By practicing cultural sensitivity, nurses build trust, reduce misunderstandings, and deliver care that is inclusive and supportive of diverse cultural backgrounds.
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