N 108 Hesi Nursing Research

Correct Answer D: The researcher is 95% confident that the result did not happen randomly.

Explanation:

When a researcher reports that p < .05, it means there is less than a 5% probability that the observed result occurred by random chance alone. In other words, the researcher is at least 95% confident that the result is statistically significant and reflects a true effect or relationship, not a random occurrence. This level of significance is the most commonly accepted threshold in nursing and medical research.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Only 5 out of 100 nursing research studies would report this result as significant.

This statement misinterprets the meaning of p-value. The p-value relates to the probability of a result occurring in one particular study, not across multiple studies. It does not speak to how many other studies will report similar findings.

B. There is a 1-in-5 chance of the result occurring again by chance alone.

This option incorrectly reverses the probability. A p-value of .05 indicates a 1-in-20 (not 1-in-5) chance of a result occurring by chance. Also, the p-value does not predict the chance of replication but rather evaluates the likelihood that the current results are due to chance.

C. The result is not significant for most nursing research, which requires more rigor.

This is incorrect. A p-value of less than .05 is widely accepted in nursing and most other health-related disciplines as statistically significant. While more stringent thresholds (like p < .01) are sometimes used, p < .05 is generally adequate.

Correct Answer C: Cross-sectional

Explanation:

A cross-sectional study design involves collecting data from a population at a single point in time to examine the prevalence or characteristics of a condition. In this case, the study measured blood pressure in students one time only at the end of the school year, which fits the definition of a cross-sectional approach. It provides a snapshot of the population’s health status at a specific moment.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Prospective

A prospective study follows subjects over time and collects data in the future. This study does not follow students over time; it captures data at a single moment.

B. Quasi-experimental

A quasi-experimental design involves manipulation of variables and often a comparison group, but lacks randomization. This study involved no intervention or manipulation, so it cannot be classified as quasi-experimental.

D. Comparative

A comparative study requires at least two groups to be compared. This scenario involves only one group of students, with no mention of a comparison group, so it is not comparative.

Correct Answer C: Cultural immersion experience

Explanation:

The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or introduces to observe its effect on the outcome. In this study, the cultural immersion experience is the intervention being tested to determine whether it influences the dependent variables—cultural sensitivity and cultural self-efficacy. It is the experimental condition applied to senior nursing students to measure its impact.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Cultural sensitivity

Cultural sensitivity is a dependent variable—it's one of the outcomes being measured to see if it changes as a result of the immersion experience.

B. Senior nursing students

The participants in the study (senior nursing students) are not variables—they are the sample population being studied. A population group is not considered an independent or dependent variable.

D. Cultural self-efficacy

Like cultural sensitivity, this is also a dependent variable. It is the second outcome the study is evaluating to determine the effect of the cultural immersion experience.

Correct Answer B: What discharge medication instruction can clients most often re-state at the first follow-up clinic visit?

Explanation:

This question directly relates to nursing practice because it evaluates client comprehension and recall of medication instructions — an essential component of nursing education and discharge planning. Assessing which parts of medication education clients remember most helps nurses improve communication techniques and enhance adherence to treatment plans, making it a relevant and actionable nursing research focus.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Which flavored syrups do clients choose most often for prescribed cough elixirs: strawberry or grape?

This option addresses patient preference, not adherence or education, and does not provide insight into improving nursing practice related to medication administration.

C. Why do clients have a tendency to forget to take their morning medications while they are on vacation?

While this may be useful, it is more behavioral and exploratory in nature and less directly focused on a measurable nursing intervention or education strategy.

D. Are clients who have pets more responsible about taking medications than those without pets?

This is an interesting sociobehavioral question but does not specifically relate to nursing roles in education or discharge planning for medication adherence.

 Correct Answer C: Do children who finish the computerized self-injection module and score > 90% on the self-injection quiz exhibit greater proficiency with insulin injection than those who receive traditional instruction?

Explanation:

This research question directly reflects the study’s independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the teaching method (computerized module vs. traditional instruction), and the dependent variable is the children’s proficiency with insulin injection. The question focuses on comparing the learning outcomes between two instructional methods, which aligns with the researcher’s goal of determining the effectiveness of the computerized program. It is specific, measurable, and appropriate for testing a hypothesis.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Which teaching method do children who are learning self-injection of insulin prefer: completion of a learning module or completion of a self-assessment quiz?

This question addresses preference, not learning effectiveness or performance. It also compares components of one teaching method rather than two distinct methods (computerized vs. traditional), which does not match the study’s aim.

B. Are computerized teaching methods that include interactive modules with short quizzes more costly to deliver in a diabetes clinic than traditional teaching methods?

This question introduces cost as the focus rather than educational effectiveness. Cost is not a variable being studied according to the research purpose outlined in the scenario.

D. Should a computerized module that provides tips on self-injection of insulin include a short quiz at the end to ensure that clients understand the content?

This question is about instructional design rather than evaluating the impact of two different teaching methods. It is not based on a comparison of outcomes and does not reflect a formal research variable.

Correct Answer C: Best practice recommendations from trusted professional webpages.

Explanation:

Best practice recommendations from trusted professional webpages provide the most up-to-date and clinically relevant guidelines, protocols, and standards based on current evidence. These sources are maintained by reputable organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), or professional nursing associations. Such recommendations are regularly reviewed and updated to reflect the latest research, making them the ideal resource to consult before implementing a quality improvement study on nosocomial infection reduction.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Medical/surgical nursing textbooks published within the past year

Textbooks, while educational, often go through lengthy publication processes and may not contain the latest research findings or practice recommendations. They are not as timely or specific as professional best practice guidelines.

B. Articles describing findings from peer-reviewed research studies

Although peer-reviewed research articles offer high-quality evidence, individual studies may not always present comprehensive recommendations. Interpreting and applying findings from various studies requires time and expertise. Best practice guidelines often synthesize these findings for practical use.

D. Hospital infection committee meeting minutes from the past six months

Meeting minutes can provide insights into local issues and decisions but are not primary sources of evidence-based recommendations. They might lack the scientific rigor or broad applicability needed for initiating a formal research study.

Correct Answer A: The range of motion following joint replacement surgery for clients with PCA-delivered narcotics was compared to those receiving intermittent IM narcotics.

Explanation:

Option A describes an experimental or quasi-experimental design where the researcher assigns or observes different treatments (PCA-delivered narcotics vs. intermittent IM narcotics) and measures the effect on an outcome (range of motion). This involves manipulation of the independent variable (type of pain management) and observation of the dependent variable (range of motion), which fits the definition of a study design that allows for variable manipulation.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

B.The researcher randomly selected 200 medical records to identify the frequency of discharges to skilled nursing facilities following total hip replacement surgery.

This is a retrospective descriptive or observational study. There is no manipulation of variables—just analysis of existing records.

C. Clients with fibromyalgia received logbooks to record the actions they took over a period of two weeks to alleviate their symptoms of fatigue.

This is a descriptive or observational study based on self-report. The researcher does not manipulate any variables.

D. Nurse managers were interviewed about their levels of job satisfaction for the purpose of identifying themes of autonomy in their roles.

This describes a qualitative study, specifically a phenomenological or thematic analysis, where the researcher seeks to understand experiences. There is no manipulation of variables.

Correct Answer B: Educational intervention

Explanation:

The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or introduced by the researcher to examine its effect on the dependent variable. In this research question, the educational intervention is what the researcher is applying or changing to observe its impact on antipsychotic-induced weight gain, which is the dependent variable.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Diagnosis of schizophrenia

This is part of the inclusion criteria for selecting participants but is not being manipulated in the study.

C. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain

This is the dependent variable, or the outcome being measured to see the effect of the educational intervention.

D. Clients aged 20 to 30 years

This is another inclusion criterion (part of the sample definition), not a variable that is being changed or tested.

Correct Answer C: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nurses (JOGNN)

Explanation:

The Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nurses (JOGNN) is the most appropriate and targeted publication for disseminating nursing research related to neonatal care, especially interventions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). JOGNN reaches an audience of maternal and neonatal nurses and healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the care of low birth weight infants and are most likely to implement and benefit from evidence-based practice changes based on the study's findings.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)

While JAMA is a prestigious, widely read medical journal, it is primarily physician-focused and covers a broad range of medical topics. It is not the ideal platform for nursing-specific neonatal research aimed at nursing practice changes.

B. Parents of Multiples (POMs) National Association Newsletter

This newsletter is intended for a lay audience—primarily parents—and is not a scientific or peer-reviewed journal. It is not suitable for disseminating research intended to influence clinical best practices.

D. Journal of Nursing Administration (JONA)

JONA focuses on issues related to nursing leadership and healthcare administration. While it supports nursing scholarship, it is not the best fit for clinical neonatal research intended to influence bedside practice.