CHM 130 Introduction to Chemistry
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Free CHM 130 Introduction to Chemistry Questions
An active site that makes a conformation change to accommodate a substrate is associated with which enzyme action mechanism?
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Allosteric Theory
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Zymogen Theory
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Lock-and-Key Theory
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Induced Fit Theory
Explanation
Correct Answer: D. Induced Fit Theory
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The Induced Fit Theory proposes that when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the enzyme’s active site changes shape slightly to better accommodate the substrate. This dynamic adjustment enhances binding precision and catalytic efficiency. In contrast, the Lock-and-Key Theory suggests a rigid fit between enzyme and substrate, while Allosteric Theory involves regulation at a site other than the active site, and Zymogen Theory pertains to inactive enzyme precursors that require activation.
Name this structure using IUPAC nomenclature:
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1-bromo-2-methyl-4-benzoic acid
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1-carboxyl-4-bromo-5-methanoic acid
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3-methyl-4-bromobenzoic acid
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4-bromo-3-methylbenzoic acid
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. 3-methyl-4-bromobenzoic acid
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The parent structure is benzoic acid (a benzene ring with a –COOH group). That –COOH group is automatically carbon 1. We then number the ring to give the lowest possible locants to the substituents. Doing this places a methyl group on carbon 3 and a bromo group on carbon 4, giving the name 3-methyl-4-bromobenzoic acid. The other names either misnumber the ring or use nonstandard parent names.
What is the correct structure of N,N-dimethylpropanamide?
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-
-
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Explanation
Correct Answer: B. (second structure) — CH₃CH₂–C(=O)–N(CH₃)₂
Explanation of Correct Answer:
N,N-dimethylpropanamide is an amide derived from propanoic acid (propan-) with the –CONH₂ group converted so that both hydrogens on the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. That gives –C(=O)–N(CH₃)₂. The carbonyl is attached to CH₃CH₂– (the propan- part). Option B is the only structure showing an amide with two methyl groups bonded to the nitrogen and no hydrogens on that nitrogen.
What are the three parts of an amino acid?
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Phosphate group, amino group, and organic R group
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Phosphate group, sugar, and organic R group
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Carboxyl group, amino group, and organic R group
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Phosphate group, amino group, and carboxyl group
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Carboxyl group, amino group, and organic R group
Explanation of Correct Answer:
An amino acid contains three essential components: an amino group (–NH₂), a carboxyl group (–COOH), and an organic R group (side chain). The amino group acts as a base, the carboxyl group acts as an acid, and the R group determines the specific chemical properties of each amino acid. Together, these groups allow amino acids to link via peptide bonds to form proteins.
Give the IUPAC name to the following compound:
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Butanamide
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Propanamide
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Propanoic acid
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Butanoic acid
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. Propanamide
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure shows an amide with the group CH₃CH₂–C(=O)–NH₂. The parent chain has three carbons (CH₃–CH₂–C=O), so the base name is “propan-”. Because the functional group is an amide (–CONH₂), the correct IUPAC name is propanamide.
Ethanol ------------ dimethyl ether.
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is less soluble in water than
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has the same solubilities in water as
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is more soluble in water than
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None of the above
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. is more soluble in water than
Explanation of Correct Answer:
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) is more soluble in water than dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) because ethanol contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Hydrogen bonding greatly enhances solubility in polar solvents like water. Dimethyl ether, though polar, cannot form hydrogen bonds as effectively because it lacks an -OH group, leading to lower solubility. Therefore, ethanol dissolves readily in water, while dimethyl ether is only moderately soluble.
Identify the functional group.
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Ketone
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Carboxylic acid
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Ester
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Aldehyde.
Explanation
Correct Answer: A. Ketone
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure shows a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms — one from the left (CH₃CH–) and one from the right (CH₂CH₃). This arrangement defines a ketone functional group. In contrast, aldehydes have the carbonyl carbon attached to at least one hydrogen, carboxylic acids include a –COOH group, and esters have a –COOR linkage. Therefore, this compound clearly contains a ketone group.
What is the name of the following organic compound: CH₃CH=CHCH₂CH₃
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2-hexene
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2-pentene
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3-pentene
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2-pentadiene
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. 2-pentene
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure CH₃CH=CHCH₂CH₃ is a five-carbon chain with one double bond, so the parent name is pentene. Number the chain from the end closest to the double bond. The double bond starts between carbons 2 and 3, so the correct IUPAC name is 2-pentene. 3-pentene is not used because numbering must give the lowest possible locant for the double bond. Choices with six carbons or multiple double bonds are not correct.
Identify the IUPAC name and type of carbonyl group present in this structure.
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Pentanal; ketone
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Propanal; aldehyde
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Butanal; aldehyde
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Propanal; ketone
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Butanal; aldehyde
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure shows a four-carbon chain ending in a carbonyl carbon (C=O) that is also bonded to a hydrogen. A four-carbon aldehyde is named butanal. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain, directly attached to at least one hydrogen. A ketone would have the carbonyl carbon bonded to two carbons in the middle of the chain, which is not the case here.
What number would be used to indicate the double bond position in the IUPAC name for CH₃–CH₂–CH=CH–CH₃
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3
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2
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1
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4
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. 2
Explanation of Correct Answer:
In IUPAC nomenclature, the carbon chain is numbered from the end nearest the double bond to give the lowest possible number to the double bond. For CH₃–CH₂–CH=CH–CH₃, numbering from the left gives the double bond between carbons 2 and 3, making the correct name pent-2-ene. If numbered from the right, it would be pent-3-ene, which has a higher locant and is therefore incorrect.
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