CHM 130 Introduction to Chemistry at Chamberlain University
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Free CHM 130 Introduction to Chemistry at Chamberlain University Questions
What is the group that distinguishes alcohols from other classes of compounds?
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Carboxyl
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Amide
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Carbonyl
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Hydroxy
Explanation
Correct Answer: Hydroxy
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The hydroxy group (–OH) is the functional group that characterizes alcohols. It consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and attached to a carbon atom in the molecule. This group enables hydrogen bonding, which significantly influences alcohols’ solubility and boiling points. In contrast, carboxyl groups (–COOH) define carboxylic acids, amide groups (–CONH₂) define amides, and carbonyl groups (C=O) are found in aldehydes and ketones.
What factors affect enzyme activity?
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Substrate concentration
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pH
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Temperature
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All of these are correct
Explanation
Correct Answer: D. All of these are correct
Explanation of Correct Answer:
Enzyme activity is influenced by several factors, including substrate concentration, pH, and temperature. Each factor alters the enzyme’s structure or the rate at which substrates bind to its active site. Optimal pH and temperature maintain enzyme stability and activity, while deviations can denature the enzyme. Similarly, substrate concentration affects reaction rate until the enzyme becomes saturated, beyond which activity levels off.
The complete 3D structure of a polypeptide chain would be considered a ---------- structure.
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Primary
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Quaternary
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Tertiary
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Secondary
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Tertiary
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The tertiary structure of a protein refers to the complete three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide chain. It is stabilized by interactions between amino acid side chains, including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The primary structure is the amino acid sequence, the secondary structure involves α-helices and β-pleated sheets, and the quaternary structure describes the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a multi-subunit protein.
Which of the following functional groups/compounds would have the highest boiling point?
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Alcohol
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Aldehyde
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Alkane
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Carboxylic acid
Explanation
Correct Answer: D. Carboxylic acid
Explanation of Correct Answer:
Carboxylic acids have the highest boiling points among these because they can form strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonded dimers. This effectively doubles their interacting mass and greatly increases the energy needed to separate molecules into the gas phase. Alcohols can hydrogen bond, but not as strongly as the dimerization in carboxylic acids. Aldehydes have dipole–dipole forces but weaker than hydrogen bonding, and alkanes have only weak London dispersion forces.
Identify the functional group.
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Ketone
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Carboxylic acid
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Ester
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Aldehyde.
Explanation
Correct Answer: A. Ketone
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure shows a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms — one from the left (CH₃CH–) and one from the right (CH₂CH₃). This arrangement defines a ketone functional group. In contrast, aldehydes have the carbonyl carbon attached to at least one hydrogen, carboxylic acids include a –COOH group, and esters have a –COOR linkage. Therefore, this compound clearly contains a ketone group.
Name the following compound:
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2-hexene
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3-pentyne
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2-hexyne
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3-heptene
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. 2-hexyne
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The molecule has six carbon atoms in its longest chain, making the parent name hexyne. The triple bond starts between carbons 2 and 3 when numbered from the end nearest the triple bond, so the correct name is 2-hexyne. The options with “ene” indicate double bonds, not triple, and “pentyne” refers to a five-carbon chain, which is too short for this structure.
Which structure below is trans-2-butene?
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-
-
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Explanation
Correct Answer: B. (second structure)
Explanation of Correct Answer:
In trans-2-butene, the two methyl (CH₃) groups attached to the double-bonded carbons are on opposite sides of the double bond. This spatial arrangement reduces steric repulsion and is characteristic of the trans isomer. In contrast, cis-2-butene has both CH₃ groups on the same side of the double bond. The second structure clearly shows the CH₃ groups opposite each other—confirming it as trans-2-butene.
Using IUPAC nomenclature, identify this compound:
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6-methyl-4-heptyne
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2-methyl-3-heptyne
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2,2-diethyl-4-heptyne
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1-isopropyl-4-butyne
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. 2-methyl-3-heptyne
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The longest continuous chain has seven carbons, so the parent name is heptyne. The triple bond is internal, located between carbons 3 and 4 when numbered to give the lowest possible locant for the triple bond, so it is hept-3-yne (written 3-heptyne). There is a methyl (CH₃) substituent on carbon 2, giving 2-methyl-3-heptyne. The other names either place the methyl incorrectly, use the wrong parent chain, or use non-IUPAC substituent names.
Determine the IUPAC name of this structure:
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3-pentanone-5-methyl
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5-methyl-3-hexanone
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2-methyl-4-hexanone
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5-methyl-pentanal
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. 5-methyl-3-hexanone
Explanation of Correct Answer:
First, identify the longest continuous carbon chain that includes the carbonyl carbon. The chain has six carbons, so the parent name is hexanone. The carbonyl (C=O) is in the middle of the chain, on carbon 3, so that gives us 3-hexanone. Next, look at the right side of the chain: that carbon has an extra CH₃ branch. That branch is on carbon 5 of the main chain. A methyl group on carbon 5 gives 5-methyl. Put it all together: 5-methyl-3-hexanone.
A substance that functions to bind to an enzyme's active site and decrease its catalytic activity is known as a(an):
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Inhibitor
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Substrate
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Affector
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Activator
Explanation
Correct Answer: A. Inhibitor
Explanation of Correct Answer:
An inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and reduces its catalytic activity. Competitive inhibitors specifically bind to the enzyme’s active site, preventing the substrate from binding. This decreases the rate of product formation. Inhibitors are important in regulating metabolic pathways and can be reversible or irreversible, depending on the type of interaction between the enzyme and inhibitor.
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