CHM 130 Introduction to Chemistry at Arizona College of Nursing
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Free CHM 130 Introduction to Chemistry at Arizona College of Nursing Questions
Identify the IUPAC name and type of carbonyl group present in this structure.
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Pentanal; ketone
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Propanal; aldehyde
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Butanal; aldehyde
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Propanal; ketone
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Butanal; aldehyde
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure shows a four-carbon chain ending in a carbonyl carbon (C=O) that is also bonded to a hydrogen. A four-carbon aldehyde is named butanal. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain, directly attached to at least one hydrogen. A ketone would have the carbonyl carbon bonded to two carbons in the middle of the chain, which is not the case here.
The following claims regarding enzymes are all true, with the exception of:
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Chemical reactions in our body require enzymes to provide the amounts of products needed by the cell at a particular time.
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Enzymes provide the amount of products needed by the cell because they need coenzymes.
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Enzymes act as biological catalysts by lowering the activation energy and accelerating the rate of cellular reactions.
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Enzymes are not destroyed during the reaction and can be used over and over.
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. Enzymes provide the amount of products needed by the cell because they need coenzymes.
Explanation of Correct Answer:
Enzymes do not regulate the amount of product formed based on coenzymes; rather, they speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. Coenzymes are helpers that assist some enzymes but are not responsible for controlling product quantity. Enzymes are reusable catalysts, not consumed during reactions, and are essential for maintaining metabolic efficiency within the body.
What is a characteristic of alkanes?
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Each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms, and all bonds are single bonds.
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Carbon atoms form a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds.
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They contain at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
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They contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
Explanation
Correct Answer: A. Each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms, and all bonds are single bonds.
Explanation of Correct Answer:
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning all carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds (σ-bonds). Each carbon atom forms four single bonds with hydrogen or other carbon atoms, giving them a tetrahedral geometry. Alkenes (option D) contain double bonds, and alkynes (option C) contain triple bonds. Option B describes aromatic hydrocarbons, not alkanes.
What is the name of the following compound: HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
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1,4-butanediol
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1,4-butanol
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1,3-butanol
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1,1-butanediol
Explanation
Correct Answer: A. 1,4-butanediol
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The compound HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH has four carbon atoms (butane backbone) and two hydroxyl (–OH) groups located on the first and fourth carbons. The “diol” suffix indicates the presence of two hydroxyl groups, and the numbers specify their positions. Therefore, its correct IUPAC name is 1,4-butanediol. The other names are incorrect because they either misplace or reduce the number of hydroxyl groups present in the molecule.
What is an example of a saturated compound?
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2-hexene
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Cyclopropene
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3-heptyne
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Butane
Explanation
Correct Answer: D. Butane
Explanation of Correct Answer:
A saturated compound contains only single bonds between carbon atoms and has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. Butane (C₄H₁₀) is an alkane with all single C–C and C–H bonds, making it saturated. In contrast, 2-hexene (an alkene) has a double bond, 3-heptyne (an alkyne) has a triple bond, and cyclopropene (a cyclic alkene) also contains a double bond—all of which make them unsaturated compounds.
What factors affect enzyme activity?
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Substrate concentration
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pH
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Temperature
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All of these are correct
Explanation
Correct Answer: D. All of these are correct
Explanation of Correct Answer:
Enzyme activity is influenced by several factors, including substrate concentration, pH, and temperature. Each factor alters the enzyme’s structure or the rate at which substrates bind to its active site. Optimal pH and temperature maintain enzyme stability and activity, while deviations can denature the enzyme. Similarly, substrate concentration affects reaction rate until the enzyme becomes saturated, beyond which activity levels off.
An active site that makes a conformation change to accommodate a substrate is associated with which enzyme action mechanism?
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Allosteric Theory
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Zymogen Theory
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Lock-and-Key Theory
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Induced Fit Theory
Explanation
Correct Answer: D. Induced Fit Theory
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The Induced Fit Theory proposes that when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the enzyme’s active site changes shape slightly to better accommodate the substrate. This dynamic adjustment enhances binding precision and catalytic efficiency. In contrast, the Lock-and-Key Theory suggests a rigid fit between enzyme and substrate, while Allosteric Theory involves regulation at a site other than the active site, and Zymogen Theory pertains to inactive enzyme precursors that require activation.
Give the IUPAC name to the following compound:
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Butanamide
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Propanamide
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Propanoic acid
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Butanoic acid
Explanation
Correct Answer: B. Propanamide
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The structure shows an amide with the group CH₃CH₂–C(=O)–NH₂. The parent chain has three carbons (CH₃–CH₂–C=O), so the base name is “propan-”. Because the functional group is an amide (–CONH₂), the correct IUPAC name is propanamide.
Name the following compound:
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2-hexene
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3-pentyne
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2-hexyne
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3-heptene
Explanation
Correct Answer: C. 2-hexyne
Explanation of Correct Answer:
The molecule has six carbon atoms in its longest chain, making the parent name hexyne. The triple bond starts between carbons 2 and 3 when numbered from the end nearest the triple bond, so the correct name is 2-hexyne. The options with “ene” indicate double bonds, not triple, and “pentyne” refers to a five-carbon chain, which is too short for this structure.
Which structure below is trans-2-butene?
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Explanation
Correct Answer: B. (second structure)
Explanation of Correct Answer:
In trans-2-butene, the two methyl (CH₃) groups attached to the double-bonded carbons are on opposite sides of the double bond. This spatial arrangement reduces steric repulsion and is characteristic of the trans isomer. In contrast, cis-2-butene has both CH₃ groups on the same side of the double bond. The second structure clearly shows the CH₃ groups opposite each other—confirming it as trans-2-butene.
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