MATH C277: Finite Mathematics
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Free MATH C277: Finite Mathematics Questions
p → q
Select the truth table that represents the statement above.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
The table that shows:
T → T = T
T → F = F
F → T = T
F → F = T
Explanation:
The statement p → q means "if p, then q." In logic, this implication is false only when p is true and q is false. In all other cases, the implication is considered true.
When p is true and q is true, the implication holds, so the result is true.
When p is true and q is false, the implication fails, so the result is false.
When p is false (regardless of q), the implication is considered true because nothing is required of q when p is false.
Therefore, both cases where p is false (F → T and F → F) yield true.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option one: This option is incorrect because it fails to mark the statement as true when both p and q are true. In the case of p → q, if both are true, the implication is valid and the result must be true. The presence of any incorrect truth value makes the entire truth table invalid.
Option two: This option is incorrect because it shows the implication as false when both p and q are false. However, in logic, p → q is true when p is false, regardless of q’s value. Therefore, marking this case as false is logically incorrect.
Which property in the real number system is illustrated in this problem?
7⊕8=8⊕7
5 = 5
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Associative Property
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Closure
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Commutative Property
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Distributive Property
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Commutative Property
Explanation:
The commutative property states that changing the order of numbers in an operation does not affect the result. This applies to both addition and multiplication. In the expression shown, 7⊕8=8⊕7, the numbers are reversed in order, yet the equality remains true, demonstrating that the operation is commutative.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Associative Property
This property refers to changing grouping (parentheses), not order. It involves expressions like (a + b) + c = a + (b + c). Since no grouping is shown, it doesn’t apply here.
Closure
Closure means that performing an operation on two real numbers results in another real number. While true in general, it doesn’t explain the equality shown in this problem.
Distributive Property
The distributive property involves expressions like a (b + c) = ab + ac. This has nothing to do with reversing operands, so it is not applicable here.
Round 35,325.738 to the nearest hundredth and explain your answer.
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35,325.74; The 8 to the right of the 3 rounds the 3 up to a 4, and digits to the right of this decimal position are then left off.
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35,300; To round, change the digits after the hundreds place to zeros.
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35,300; The 2 to the right of 3 is less than 5, so 3 does not change.
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35,330; The 5 to the right of the 2 rounds the 2 up to a 3, and digits to the right of this decimal position are then changed to zeros.
Explanation
The hundredth place in 35,325.738 is the second digit to the right of the decimal, which is 3. The digit immediately to its right (the thousandth place) is 8. Since 8 is greater than or equal to 5, the hundredth digit increases from 3 to 4. All digits to the right are dropped.
Correct answer
35,325.74
Which property is illustrated?
( a(bc) = (ab)c )
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Associative Property
-
Closure Property
-
Commutative Property
-
Distributive Property
Explanation
The equation shows that when multiplying three numbers, the way the numbers are grouped does not change the result. In ( a(bc) ) and ( (ab)c ), the factors stay in the same order, but the grouping changes. This demonstrates that multiplication is associative, meaning parentheses can be moved without affecting the product.
Correct answer
Associative Property
The following numbers are listed according to a pattern: … Which of the following could be the next number in the pattern?
Explanation
Explanation
Look at how the denominators change: 2 → 4 → 12 → 48 → 240. Each step multiplies by the next integer: 2 × 2 = 4, 4 × 3 = 12, 12 × 4 = 48, 48 × 5=240. So the next denominator should be 240 × 6 = 1440. Therefore, the next term is .
Correct answer
Truncate 348.856 to the nearest tenths place and explain your answer.
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348.8; Truncation leaves off digits past the tenths place.
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348.9; Truncation rounds and then leaves off digits past the tenths place.
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349; Truncation rounds and then leaves off digits starting with the tenths place.
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348; Truncation leaves off digits starting with the tenths place.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
348.8; Truncation leaves off digits past the tenths place.
Explanation:
Truncation means cutting off digits without rounding. To truncate 348.856 to the tenths place, we simply keep the tenths digit (which is 8) and remove everything after it (i.e., the hundredths and thousandths, which are 5 and 6). We do not round up based on those digits.
So, 348.856 truncated to the tenths place is 348.8.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
348.9
This result involves rounding the tenths place (since the hundredths is 5), but truncation does not round — it only chops off digits.
349
This rounds the entire number up and drops all decimal digits, which is incorrect. Truncation at the tenths place does not affect whole numbers.
348
This removes everything from the tenths place onward, which is incorrect for truncation to the tenths place. This would be truncating to the ones place instead.
Simplify the expression:
Reduce to lowest terms.
-
1
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Step 1: Add the fractions under the square root
Step 2: Apply the square root
So actually, the simplified result is:
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
1
This is far too small. The value under the square root is greater than 1, so the square root is also greater than 1.
This implies the square root of a rational number, but ≠ . That would only be true if the value inside the radical were exactly , which it isn’t.
The expression under the radical is , not 13. So this doesn't match and is incorrect.
Which list of numbers is in order from least to greatest?
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2.23565, 2.2356, 2.2359, √5
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5, 2.23565, 2.2359, 2.2356
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√5, 2.2359, 2.2356, 2.23565
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2.2356, 2.23565, 2.2359, √5
Explanation
Correct Answer:
2.2356, 2.23565, 2.2359, √5
Explanation:
To determine the correct order from least to greatest, compare the decimal numbers and the square root of 5 (approximately 2.23607). Start with the decimals: 2.2356 is the smallest as its digits are 2.2356, followed by 2.23565 (which adds a 5 in the fifth decimal place), then 2.2359 (which has a 9 in the fourth decimal place, making it larger than the others). Next, compare these to √5 (2.23607), which is greater than 2.2359 because 2.23607 exceeds 2.2359 at the fourth decimal place. Thus, the order 2.2356, 2.23565, 2.2359, √5 is correct as it progresses from the smallest to the largest value.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
2.23565, 2.2356, 2.2359, √5
This is incorrect because 2.2356 is listed before 2.23565, but 2.2356 is less than 2.23565 due to the additional 5 in the fifth decimal place of 2.23565. The sequence should start with the smallest number, 2.2356, making this order invalid as it reverses the correct progression.
5, 2.23565, 2.2359, 2.2356
This is incorrect because 5 is much larger than the other numbers, which are all around 2.23 to 2.24, including √5 (approximately 2.23607). Placing 5 first violates the least-to-greatest order, as it should be the last number if included, rendering this sequence incorrect.
√5, 2.2359, 2.2356, 2.23565
This is incorrect because √5 (approximately 2.23607) is greater than 2.2359, 2.2356, and 2.23565, so it should be last in the sequence. Starting with √5 places the largest value first, which contradicts the requirement for order from least to greatest.
2[18 - 6(32 - 5)/8 + 4]
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-113/2
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8
-
20
-
38
Explanation
Start inside the parentheses: 32 = 9, and 9 - 5 = 4. Multiply to get 6 × 4 = 24, then divide by 8 to get 3. Substitute back into the expression: 18 - 3 + 4 = 19. Finally, multiply by 2 to get 2 × 19 = 38.
Correct answer
38
Simplify the expression:
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6.0 × 10³
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6.0 × 10⁻¹³
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1.5 × 10⁻¹³
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1.5 × 10³
Explanation
Correct Answer:
6.0 × 10⁻¹³
Explanation:
Begin by simplifying the first part of the expression (the numerator):
Next, simplify the second part (the denominator):
Now divide the simplified parts:
Thus, the simplified expression is 6.0 × 10⁻¹³.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
6.0 × 10³
This represents a very large number, which contradicts the result of dividing very small numbers by very large numbers. The actual operation yields a small value due to negative exponents, not a large one.
1.5 × 10⁻¹³
This value suggests a miscalculation in the base coefficient. The correct simplified result comes from 0.3 ÷ 0.5 = 0.6, not 1.5. The exponent may be close, but the base number is incorrect.
1.5 × 10³
This is incorrect both in magnitude and exponent direction. The correct simplification results in a very small number (negative exponent), not a large positive one. It also shows an incorrect coefficient of 1.5 instead of the accurate 0.6.
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