Hesi A2_BIOLOGY
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Free Hesi A2_BIOLOGY Questions
1. Which is an example of the correct organizational hierarchy for a wolf?
- Circulatory system, DNA, muscle tissue, blood cell, heart, wolf.
- Muscle tissue, blood cell, DNA, organ, circulatory system, wolf.
- Blood cell, organ, circulatory system, muscle tissue, DNA, wolf.
- DNA, blood cell, muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system, wolf.
Explanation
Biological organization follows a structured hierarchy from smallest to largest level. For a wolf, the correct sequence begins with DNA, then builds into a cell (blood cell), then tissue (muscle tissue), followed by an organ (heart), then an organ system (circulatory system), and finally the whole organism (wolf). This order accurately reflects increasing biological complexity.
2. What part of a light microscope is used to hold the slide in place?
- Stage clips
- Base
- Rack stop
- Arm
Explanation
Stage clips secure the microscope slide on the stage, preventing movement during observation. They help keep the specimen stable and centered under the objective lenses, allowing for clear and consistent viewing at various magnifications. In advanced microscopes, mechanical stage clamps perform this function, but the purpose remains the same—holding the slide firmly in place.
3. Which cell organelle can be functionally compared to the door of a house?
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Nucleus
Explanation
The cell membrane functions like a door because it regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing essential nutrients to enter, waste products to exit, and maintaining internal balance. Its semi-permeable nature ensures the cell only allows necessary substances through, similar to how a door controls access to a house.
4. What is the first step in the process of respiration?
- Fermentation
- Electron transport chain
- Glycolysis
- Krebs cycle
Explanation
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. This process does not require oxygen, making it essential for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The products of glycolysis then enter the mitochondria for further stages of respiration if oxygen is present.
5. The aerodynamic nature of a bird's wing is an example of what is the central theme in biology?
- Organisms and their environment
- Ontogeny
- Heredity
- Structure and function
Explanation
The aerodynamic shape of a bird's wing demonstrates the biological principle that structure determines function. The wing's curved surface, lightweight bones, and feather arrangement are specifically designed to create lift and enable flight. This theme emphasizes that anatomical features evolve to support specific biological roles, making the bird’s wing structure essential for its function in flight and survival.
6. What does the mitochondrion produce that causes it to often be called the powerhouse of the cell?
- Proteins
- ATP
- Enzymes
- DNA
Explanation
The mitochondrion produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy molecule used by cells to power essential functions such as movement, growth, repair, and active transport. Because ATP production occurs mainly in mitochondria through aerobic respiration, they are commonly referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell.”
7. Which term means alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?
- Genotypes
- Phenotypes
- Gametes
- Alleles
Explanation
Alleles are alternate forms of the same gene that occupy the same position (locus) on homologous chromosomes. They encode different versions of a trait—for example, brown vs. blue eye color. An individual inherits one allele from each parent, and the combination determines expression of that trait.
8. Human cells need oxygen for respiration. What system of the body is responsible for transporting an oxygen molecule to different locations throughout the body?
- Lymphatic
- Circulatory
- Respiratory
- Skeletal
Explanation
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream in the lungs, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The heart pumps this oxygen-rich blood through arteries to tissues and organs. After gas exchange occurs at the cellular level, carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs for removal. This system ensures all cells receive the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and energy production.
9. Which cellular appendage enables cells to move through their environments?
- Receptor
- Cell membrane
- Transport protein
- Flagellum
Explanation
A flagellum is a whip-like appendage that allows certain cells to move through their environment. It rotates or beats to propel the cell forward. In humans, sperm cells use a flagellum to swim toward the egg during fertilization; many bacteria also have flagella for locomotion.
10. A hypertonic solution has what concentration of solutes compared to the cell?
- Same
- Lower
- Higher
- Negative
Explanation
A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic environment, water moves out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink (crenation in animal cells or plasmolysis in plant cells). This movement occurs because water travels toward the area with more solutes to achieve balance.
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