D424 Software Engineering Capstone
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Free D424 Software Engineering Capstone Questions
1. What is one of the key benefits of ongoing refactoring in software development?
- It increases the need for extensive documentation.
- It makes changes to the code more difficult.
- It eliminates the need for architecture refactoring.
- It improves code understandability and simplifies future changes.
Explanation
Ongoing refactoring involves continuously improving the internal structure of code without changing its external behavior. This practice enhances code readability, maintainability, and understandability, making it easier for developers to implement future changes or add new features. By keeping the codebase clean and organized, refactoring reduces technical debt and improves long-term development efficiency.
2. A software development team is facing conflicts among stakeholders regarding the importance of various features. Which stage of the requirements elicitation process should they focus on to resolve these conflicts effectively?
- Discovery
- Classification and Organization
- Prioritization and Negotiation
- Specification
Explanation
Conflicts among stakeholders often arise when different parties have competing interests or perspectives on which features add the most value. The "Prioritization and Negotiation" stage directly addresses this challenge by bringing stakeholders together to discuss trade-offs, assess feature importance, and reach a consensus. This process ensures alignment with project goals and resource constraints, reducing friction and improving overall stakeholder satisfaction.
3. Which of the following is NOT considered a key challenge for software engineering?
- Coping with increasing diversity
- Demands for reduced delivery times
- Developing trustworthy software
- Enhancing user interface design
Explanation
While improving user interfaces is important, enhancing user interface design is not considered a key challenge for software engineering as a discipline. The major challenges typically include coping with technological diversity, meeting tight delivery schedules, and ensuring reliability and trustworthiness. These issues affect the entire software process, not just user experience.
4. What is the primary focus of the Scrum methodology in agile software development?
- Managing specific agile practices
- Managing interactive development
- Defining user stories
- Implementing pair programming
Explanation
The primary focus of the Scrum methodology is managing iterative and incremental development through short, time-boxed cycles called sprints. Scrum emphasizes collaboration, adaptability, and continuous improvement by allowing teams to plan, develop, review, and adjust work frequently. It helps ensure that the most valuable features are delivered early and refined through stakeholder feedback.
5. A software development team is tasked with creating a new application that must be updated frequently based on user feedback. Which essential attribute of good software should the team prioritize to ensure the application can adapt to changes over time?
- Dependable Security
- Efficiency
- Maintainability
- Acceptability
Explanation
Maintainability is the key attribute that ensures a software system can be easily modified to correct faults, improve performance, or adapt to changing user requirements. For an application that needs frequent updates, maintaining clear code structure, documentation, and modular design is essential. This allows developers to efficiently implement new features and adjustments over time without disrupting existing functionality.
6. Explain how the focus of Software Engineering differs from that of Computer Science. Which aspects do each discipline prioritize?
- Software Engineering prioritizes theory while CSC focuses on practical applications.
- Software Engineering emphasizes practicalities of software delivery, whereas CSC is centered on theoretical foundations.
- Both disciplines focus equally on practicalities and theory.
- Software Engineering is solely about coding, while CSC covers all aspects of computing.
Explanation
Software Engineering focuses on the practicalities of designing, developing, and maintaining reliable software systems—applying engineering principles to manage real-world constraints such as time, cost, and quality. Computer Science, on the other hand, is more concerned with theoretical foundations such as algorithms, computation, and data structures. Thus, Software Engineering bridges theory with practice for effective software delivery.
7. A software development team is tasked with creating a customized product for a client in the healthcare industry. What steps should the team take to ensure that the product meets the client's specific needs?
- Develop the product based on existing software templates without consulting the client.
- Conduct thorough requirements elicitation sessions with the client to gather detailed specifications.
- Focus solely on the technical aspects of the software, disregarding user feedback.
- Use a waterfall methodology to ensure all requirements are finalized before development begins.
Explanation
To ensure the product aligns with the client’s unique healthcare needs, the team should conduct thorough requirements elicitation sessions. This involves interviewing stakeholders, observing workflows, and documenting specifications to capture both functional and regulatory requirements. Active collaboration ensures the final product is compliant, user-friendly, and tailored to the client’s operational environment.
8. Scrum is a project development method specific to what type of project?
- Lean Process Management
- Total Quality Management
- Agile programming
- The Customer Experience Method
Explanation
Scrum is a framework used within Agile programming to manage complex software projects. It emphasizes iterative development, team collaboration, and flexibility. Through short development cycles called sprints, Scrum enables teams to adapt quickly to changing requirements, deliver incremental value, and continuously improve the product based on feedback.
9. What is the primary focus of scaling up in agile methods?
- To reduce the number of team members working on a project
- To develop large software systems that require collaboration among multiple teams
- To implement strict hierarchical management structures
- To eliminate the need for user involvement in the development process
Explanation
Scaling up in Agile focuses on extending Agile practices from small teams to larger, more complex projects that involve multiple teams working collaboratively. The goal is to maintain Agile’s flexibility, communication, and iterative delivery while coordinating across teams to develop large systems efficiently. Effective scaling ensures consistency, integration, and alignment with overall business objectives.
10. Explain why developing trustworthy software is a key challenge in software engineering. Which factors contribute to this challenge?
- It requires extensive documentation and user training.
- It involves ensuring security, reliability, and user satisfaction.
- It is solely dependent on the programming language used.
- It focuses only on meeting deadlines.
Explanation
Developing trustworthy software is challenging because it must consistently demonstrate security, reliability, and user satisfaction. Users expect software to protect data, operate without failure, and perform as intended under all conditions. Achieving this requires rigorous testing, robust design, and adherence to quality standards—factors that make building dependable and secure systems a complex, ongoing task.
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