SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College
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Free SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College Questions
In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are:
- Rapid to appear but short-lived.
- Slow to appear but long-lasting.
- Rapid to appear and long-lasting.
- Slow to appear and short-lived.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. Slow to appear but long-lasting.Explanation
The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones released into the bloodstream. Because hormones must travel to target tissues and bind to receptors, their effects take longer to appear compared with nerve impulses. However, once initiated, endocrine effects tend to last much longer than nervous system responses, which are rapid but brief.Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the ---- fluid.
- Intracellular
- Extracellular
- Interstitial
- Both A and C are correct
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. ExtracellularExplanation
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is classified as an extracellular fluid. It circulates outside of cells within the ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord. CSF functions to cushion the central nervous system, deliver nutrients, and remove wastes. It is not found inside cells (intracellular) and is distinct from interstitial fluid, which surrounds tissue cells.All of the following are nonsteroid hormones except:
- Oxytocin
- Calcitonin
- Cortisol
- Glucagon
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. CortisolExplanation
Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol and produced by the adrenal cortex. In contrast, oxytocin, calcitonin, and glucagon are nonsteroid hormones composed of peptides or proteins. Steroid hormones like cortisol are lipid-soluble and act through intracellular receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones act on cell surface receptors.Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the:
- Heart
- Lungs
- Bones
- Intestines
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. Bones.Explanation
Hematopoietic tissue is responsible for the formation of blood cells and is located primarily in red bone marrow. Red bone marrow is found within certain bones, such as the pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and the ends of long bones. The heart, lungs, and intestines do not produce blood cells.All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the:
- Hypoglossal
- Accessory
- Abducens
- Vagus
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. VagusExplanation
The vagus nerve is primarily involved in autonomic (parasympathetic) control of thoracic and abdominal organs and does not play a significant role in proprioceptive feedback. In contrast, the hypoglossal, accessory, and abducens nerves innervate skeletal muscles and provide proprioceptive information related to muscle position and movement, which is essential for coordinated motor control.Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis?
- Circulatory
- Endocrine
- Lymphatic
- Reproductive
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. ReproductiveExplanation
The reproductive system is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis because it is not essential for the survival of the individual organism. While systems such as the circulatory, endocrine, and lymphatic systems directly regulate internal balance through transport, regulation, and immune defense, the reproductive system’s primary function is species continuation. An individual can survive and maintain internal stability without a functioning reproductive system.Which of the following is true of the essential organ in the reproductive system?
- It produces gametes.
- It is called the testis in the male.
- It is called the gonad in both sexes.
- All of the above are true.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. All of the above are true.Explanation
The essential organs of the reproductive system are the gonads, which are responsible for producing gametes and sex hormones. In males, the gonads are called testes, and in females, they are called ovaries. The term “gonad” applies to both sexes and refers to these primary reproductive organs, making all the listed statements correct.In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum?
- Back of the hand
- Thigh
- Abdomen
- Sole of the foot
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. Sole of the foot.Explanation
The stratum corneum is thickest in areas exposed to constant friction and pressure. The sole of the foot experiences significant mechanical stress from standing, walking, and weight-bearing activities, requiring a thicker protective layer. In contrast, areas such as the abdomen, thigh, and back of the hand experience less friction and therefore have a thinner stratum corneum.--------is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood.
- Spectrin
- Hematocrit
- Hematopoiesis
- Hemocytometer
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. HematocritExplanation
Hematocrit is the measurement used to determine the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood by volume. It is obtained by centrifuging a blood sample, which separates red blood cells from plasma. The proportion of packed red blood cells relative to the total blood volume provides important information about oxygen-carrying capacity and can help identify conditions such as anemia or dehydration.The somatic senses enable us to detect sensations, including:
- Touch
- Temperature
- Pain
- All of the above
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The somatic sensory system is responsible for processing information from receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints. It allows the body to detect touch (such as pressure and vibration), temperature (heat and cold), and pain (signals of potential or actual tissue damage). These sensations are transmitted through peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and brain, where they are interpreted. Together, they help protect the body, guide movement, and support interaction with the environment.How to Order
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