ATI Custom NUR212 Midpoint Assessment Fall 2 2025
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Free ATI Custom NUR212 Midpoint Assessment Fall 2 2025 Questions
A nurse is teaching a community education course about the physical complications related to substance use disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the primary cause of liver cirrhosis?
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Caffeine
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Inhalants
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Cocaine
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Alcohol
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (D):
Chronic alcohol use is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis due to repeated inflammation and scarring of liver tissue. Alcohol is metabolized by the liver, and excessive long-term use leads to fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. Cirrhosis impairs liver function and can lead to portal hypertension, jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver failure. Alcohol-related liver disease is one of the most preventable causes of mortality.
A nurse is reviewing assessment data for four clients. Which of the following findings is MOST consistent with Graves’ disease?
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Heart rate is 54 bpm, with constipation and poor appetite
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Nonpitting edema noted in the extremities with thinning hair
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Patient has recently lost over 10 pounds in the last month and reports a fine tremor in the hands
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Patient is anxious and irritable with skin moist and warm
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (C): Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production. A rapid and unexplained weight loss combined with a fine tremor in the hands strongly indicates increased metabolic activity, which is typical of hyperthyroidism. These symptoms reflect heightened sympathetic nervous system activity, increased caloric expenditure, and neuromuscular excitability—all classic findings in Graves’ disease. The weight loss is unintentional and unexplained, making it more concerning for an endocrine disorder rather than lifestyle change.
Nurse's Notes
Capillary blood glucose obtained: machine gives no value. Instead. an error message indicating hl displays on the machine. He A/O x 4, He complains of a stomachache' and reports he has nausea and experienced vomiting shortly before arrival. His skin is warm and dry, but his face is flushed. When asked about pain, he says he has a headache, and his vision is blurry. Noted fruity odor to his breath during vital signs.
History and Physical
Skyler Hansen is an 18-year-old male diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 6 months ago. He was brought to the Emergency Department by his mother. The mother reports that he started acting "weird" after a wrestling tournament. He had not felt well on the bus ride with the team so his mother decided he should ride with her, His mother denies a history of chronic illness but did say he had like a cold but with a stomachache" about 3 months ago.
She also says that he has been very thirsty, and they had to stop several times for him to urinate. She is also worried because he almost missed his wrestling weight class parameters because he was significantly lighter this past weekend than he has been in the past, even with him eating more than usual.
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes.
Vital Signs
Time 1000
Temperature 98.6F
Heart rate 122
Respiratory rate 26
Blood pressure 90/54 mmHg
Oxygen saturation 98% RA
Pain 0/10 on scale of 1-10
The nurse has just completed the on-coming shift assessment for their client.
Select the "6" findings that require immediate follow-up
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Heart rate
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Nausea
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Blurry vision
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Oxygen saturation
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Blood glucose
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Blood pressure
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Pain level
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Fruity odor to breath
Explanation
The Correct Answers are:
A. Heart rate
B. Nausea
C. Blurry vision
E. Blood glucose
F. Blood pressure
H. Fruity odor to breath Explanation of Each Correct Option
A. Heart rate
The heart rate is 122/min, which indicates significant tachycardia. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), dehydration from excessive urination and vomiting leads to hypovolemia, and the body compensates by increasing heart rate. Tachycardia is an early sign of fluid deficit and potential shock, requiring rapid IV fluid replacement.
B. Nausea
The client reports nausea and vomiting prior to arrival. This is concerning because vomiting contributes to severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and worsening metabolic acidosis, all of which are markers of progressing DKA. Nausea also interferes with oral intake, making IV fluids and electrolyte replacement necessary.
C. Blurry vision
Blurry vision indicates effects of extreme hyperglycemia on the central nervous system. This may be caused by osmotic shifts and altered perfusion to the brain. It signals neurological changes that require immediate intervention to prevent further decline in mental status, including confusion and decreased responsiveness.
E. Blood glucose
The glucometer displayed “HI”, meaning the glucose level is too high to be read, often beyond 600 mg/dL. This is a medical emergency. Severe hyperglycemia impairs fluid balance, triggers osmotic diuresis, increases serum osmolality, and contributes to ketoacidosis. Immediate treatment with IV insulin and large-volume fluid resuscitation is required.
F. Blood pressure
The blood pressure is 90/54 mmHg, which indicates hypotension. This shows that the client is likely in hypovolemic shock, caused by fluid loss through vomiting and excessive urination. Hypotension impairs perfusion to vital organs such as the brain, kidneys, and heart. This requires urgent fluid therapy and hemodynamic monitoring.
H. Fruity odor to breath
A fruity odor is a classic sign of ketone accumulation in DKA. It indicates that the body is breaking down fat for energy because insulin is insufficient. This leads to metabolic acidosis, which may progress to coma if not treated quickly. This sign confirms the presence of ketosis, requiring immediate medical intervention.
A nurse is caring for a male client who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following conditions is the client most likely to develop as a result of the UTI?
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Benign prostatic hypertrophy
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Erectile dysfunction
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Chlamydia
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Prostatitis
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (D):
In males, urinary tract infections can spread to the prostate gland, resulting in prostatitis, which is inflammation or infection of the prostate. Bacteria from the urinary tract may ascend through the urethra and infect the prostate. Symptoms may include perineal pain, fever, dysuria, urinary retention, or pelvic discomfort. This is a common complication of UTIs specifically in male patients due to anatomical proximity.
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes.
History & Physical
Skyler Hansen is an 18-year-old male diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 6 months ago. He was brought to the Emergency Department by his mother. The mother reports that he started acting "weird" after a wrestling tournament. He had not felt well on the bus ride with the team so his mother decided he should ride with her. His mother denies a history of chronic illness but did say he had like a cold but with a stomachache about 3 months ago.
She also says that he has beer very thirsty. and they had to stop several times for him to urinate. She is also worried because he almost missed his wrestling weight class' parameters because he was significantly lighter this past weekend than he has been in the past, even with him eating more than usual.
Nurse's Noces
Capillary blood glucose obtained: machine gives no value. Instead, an error message indicating hi' displays on the machine. He A/O x 4. He complains of a "stomachache' and reports he has nausea and experienced vomiting shortly before arrival. His skin is warm and dry. but his face is flushed. When asked about pain, he says he has a headache, and his vision is blurry. Noted fruity odor to his breath during vital signs.
Vital Signs
Vital Signs
Time 1000
Temperature 98.6F
Heart rate 122
Respiratory rate 26
Blood pressure 90/54 mmHg
Oxygen saturation 98% RA
Pain 0/10 on scale of 1-10
Labs
Test
WBC
K+
Reference Range
5-10.000 cells/mct
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Results
15.000
5.8
HgbA1C 9%
Urea nitrogen (BUN) 8-20 mg/dl
21
Creatinine
Glucose
0.7-1.3 mg/dL
70-99 mg/dL fasting
0.77
420
Anion gap 3-10 meq/L
12
ABG 7.35-7.45
pH-7.25
22-28 mEq/L
HCOB- 15
38-42 mmHg
PaCO2-35
75-100 mmHg
PaO2-88
Urinalysis Positive for ketones and Negative
glucose
The nurse is preparing to speak with the provider regarding the client's condition, Which of the following orders should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.
(Select All that Apply,)
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Ambulate with assistance
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Regular insulin IV
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Calorie count
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Tylenol 650 mg PO every 6 hours PRN pain
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Repeat urinalysis in the morning
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Measure intake and output every shift
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Capillary blood glucose (CBG) before meals and at bedtime
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Oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula
Explanation
Correct Answers:
B. Regular insulin IV
F. Measure intake and output every shift
G. Capillary blood glucose (CBG) before meals and at bedtime Explanation of Each Correct Answer
B. Regular insulin IV
The client is showing clear signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): glucose too high to read (“HI”), K+ 5.8, pH 7.25, HCO₃ 15, positive ketones, tachycardia, hypotension, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and fruity breath. The primary treatment is IV regular insulin to correct hyperglycemia, reverse acidosis, and stop ketosis. Insulin IV is life-saving and must be initiated immediately with continuous monitoring.
F. Measure intake and output every shift
The client is significantly dehydrated due to osmotic diuresis and vomiting. Accurate I&O monitoring is essential to assess fluid status, evaluate kidney perfusion, and help guide electrolyte and IV fluid replacement. This is critical in DKA management to avoid renal failure and fluid overload.
G. Capillary blood glucose (CBG) before meals and at bedtime
Frequent blood glucose monitoring is essential during treatment. Rapid changes in glucose can occur during insulin therapy. Monitoring before meals and at bedtime allows safe titration of insulin and helps prevent hypoglycemia during correction of DKA.
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking levothyroxine. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manifestation of levothyroxine overdose?
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Constipation
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Drowsiness
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Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes
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Insomnia
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (D):
Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement used to treat hypothyroidism. An overdose leads to symptoms of hyperthyroidism, because the body has excess thyroid hormone. Classic manifestations include insomnia, anxiety, tremors, weight loss, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, and tachycardia. Insomnia reflects an overstimulation of the nervous system and is a key indicator that the dose may be too high.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypothyroidism and has been prescribed levothyroxine. Which of the following medication instructions would the nurse include in the teaching?
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"Take this medication with high-protein foods."
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"Take this medication with a full glass of water or fruit juice."
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"Take this medication before a meal or several hours after a meal."
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"Take this medication during your morning meal."
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (C): Levothyroxine must be taken on an empty stomach for best absorption. The medication should be taken first thing in the morning, ideally 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast, or at least 3–4 hours after eating. Food—especially high-fiber, calcium, iron, soy, and protein-rich foods—can interfere with absorption and reduce effectiveness. Taking it correctly improves hormone regulation and therapeutic stability.
A nurse is caring for a female client who has recurrent kidney stones and is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse report to the provider?
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"The last time I voided it was painful and red-tinged."
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"I drink at least 2 quarts of fluid every day."
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"My period ended 2 days ago."
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"I don't eat shellfish because it gives me hives."
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (D):
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) involves the use of iodine-based contrast dye, which carries a risk of allergic reactions. A client who develops hives after eating shellfish may have a hypersensitivity to iodine. This must be reported to the provider immediately because contrast dye could trigger a serious allergic reaction or anaphylaxis. Pre-medication or alternative imaging may be required.
A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
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Potassium
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Bicarbonate
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Ammonia
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Glucose
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (C):
In clients with cirrhosis, the liver is unable to adequately convert ammonia into urea for excretion. Elevated ammonia levels can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, causing confusion, altered mental status, and even coma. Lactulose works by trapping ammonia in the gut and promoting its excretion through the stool. It also acidifies the colon, which reduces ammonia absorption. Therefore, lactulose is used primarily to lower ammonia levels, not just to relieve constipation.
A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a subtotal thyroidectomy. The client reports a tingling sensation in the hands, the soles of the feet, and around the lips. For which of the following findings should the nurse assess the client?
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Brudzinski's sign
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Kernig's sign
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Babinski's sign
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Chvostek's sign
Explanation
Explanation of Correct Answer (D):
Following a thyroidectomy, the client is at risk for hypocalcemia due to possible injury or removal of the parathyroid glands. Tingling around the mouth, hands, and feet is an early sign of low calcium levels. The nurse should assess Chvostek’s sign, which involves tapping the facial nerve and observing for twitching of the facial muscles. A positive sign confirms neuromuscular irritability secondary to hypocalcemia.
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