RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2023 A
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Free RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2023 A Questions
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior to administering the medication?
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Ask the client to drink 8 oz of water.
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Review the client's most recent Hgb level.
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Obtain the client's blood pressure.
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Determine if the client is allergic to NSAIDs.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. Obtain the client's blood pressure.Explanation
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic, commonly prescribed for hypertension and edema. Since HCTZ lowers blood pressure, it is important for the nurse to obtain the client's blood pressure before administering the medication. This ensures that the blood pressure is within a safe range and helps to monitor for potential hypotension as a side effect of the drug.A client is prescribed a second dose of IV ceftriaxone postoperatively. The nurse notes urticaria and dyspnea. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize?
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Administer oxygen.
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Administer diphenhydramine.
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Notify the charge nurse.
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Discontinue the infusion.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. Discontinue the infusion.Explanation
The client is experiencing signs of an allergic reaction, including urticaria (hives) and dyspnea (difficulty breathing). The first and most important action is to discontinue the infusion to prevent further exposure to the allergen (ceftriaxone). This action will help to stop the progression of the reaction and prevent severe outcomes such as anaphylaxis.A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for spironolactone. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse monitor while the client is taking this medication?
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Potassium level
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WBC count
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Protein level
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone level
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. Potassium levelExplanation
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which means it can cause the body to retain potassium. As a result, clients taking spironolactone are at risk for hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels). The nurse should monitor the potassium level regularly to prevent complications such as arrhythmias, which can occur if potassium levels become too high.A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 400 mL IV to infuse over 1 hr. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
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60 gtt/min
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80 gtt/min
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100 gtt/min
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120 gtt/min
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. 100 gtt/minExplanation
Calculation:
gtt/min=Volume (mL)×Drop factor (gtt/mL) ÷Time (min)
=400×15 ÷ 60=6000 ÷ 60=100
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has depression and a new prescription for fluoxetine. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
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"I should start to feel better within 24 hours of starting this medication."
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"I will be sure to follow a strict diet to avoid foods with tyramine."
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"I will continue to take St. John's Wort to increase the effects of the medication."
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"I should take acetaminophen instead of ibuprofen for my headaches while taking this medication."
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
D. "I should take acetaminophen instead of ibuprofen for my headaches while taking this medication."Explanation
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression. One important consideration when taking fluoxetine is the potential interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, which can increase the risk of bleeding, especially when taken with SSRIs. Acetaminophen is generally considered safer for pain relief because it does not have the same blood-thinning effects as NSAIDs.A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has been taking aspirin daily for the past year. For which of the following findings should the nurse immediately notify the provider?
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Hyperventilation
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Heartburn
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Anorexia
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Swollen ankles
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. HyperventilationExplanation
Hyperventilation can be a sign of aspirin toxicity, particularly in chronic use. Aspirin can cause respiratory alkalosis, leading to symptoms such as rapid breathing or hyperventilation. If a client experiences hyperventilation while on long-term aspirin therapy, the nurse should immediately notify the provider as it may indicate toxicity, which requires prompt medical attention.A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
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Administer the medication outside the 5-cm (2-in) radius of the umbilicus.
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Aspirate for blood return before injecting.
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Rub vigorously after the injection to promote absorption.
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Place a pressure dressing on the injection site to prevent bleeding.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. Administer the medication outside the 5-cm (2-in) radius of the umbilicus.Explanation
When administering heparin subcutaneously, it is important to avoid injecting into areas close to the umbilicus, as this can increase the risk of irritation, bruising, or inconsistent absorption. The recommended injection sites are typically the fatty tissue of the abdomen (at least 2 inches from the umbilicus), as it ensures optimal absorption.A nurse is teaching a client who is taking allopurinol for the treatment of gout. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
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Plan to increase the dosage each week by 200 mg increments.
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Prolonged use of the medication can cause glaucoma.
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Drink 2 L of water daily.
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A fine red rash is transient and can be treated with antihistamines.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. Drink 2 L of water daily.Explanation
It is essential for clients taking allopurinol to maintain adequate hydration to prevent the formation of kidney stones, a potential side effect of the medication. Drinking at least 2 liters of water daily helps to promote adequate urine output and prevent complications like kidney stones, which can result from the crystallization of uric acid.A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a gastric ulcer and a new prescription for famotidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
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"Take the medication on an empty stomach for full effectiveness."
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"You may discontinue this medication when stomach discomfort subsides."
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"Report yellowing of the skin."
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"You will be taking this medication for 2 weeks."
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. "Report yellowing of the skin."Explanation
Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions such as gastric ulcers. One of the rare but serious side effects of famotidine is liver dysfunction, which could manifest as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to report any signs of jaundice as it may indicate liver issues, requiring prompt medical attention.A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving epoetin alfa to treat anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor?
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Paresthesia
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Increased blood pressure
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Fever
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Respiratory depression
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. Increased blood pressureExplanation
Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production. A known side effect of this medication is increased blood pressure, which can occur due to the increased blood volume resulting from higher red blood cell counts. The nurse should closely monitor blood pressure during treatment, as hypertension can be a serious complication of epoetin alfa therapy.How to Order
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