RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2023 A
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Free RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2023 A Questions
A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and is taking haloperidol. The nurse should report which of the following findings to the provider as a manifestation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
- Temperature of 39.7° C (103.5° F)
- Urinary retention
- Heart rate 56/min
- Muscle flaccidity
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. Temperature of 39.7° C (103.5° F)Explanation
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening condition associated with the use of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. A hallmark symptom of NMS is hyperthermia (high fever), often greater than 38°C (100.4°F), and in this case, a temperature of 39.7°C (103.5°F) is significantly elevated. Other symptoms of NMS include muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysregulation (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, and sweating). The nurse should immediately report a high fever to the provider for urgent intervention.A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has schizophrenia and a prescription for clozapine. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse review before administering the medication?
- Troponin
- Total cholesterol
- Creatinine
- Thyroid stimulating hormone
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. Total cholesterolExplanation
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that can cause metabolic side effects, including increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It's important for the nurse to monitor the client's lipid profile, including total cholesterol, to assess for potential cardiovascular risks. Clients on clozapine are at an increased risk for metabolic syndrome, which includes elevated cholesterol, weight gain, and changes in glucose metabolism.A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior to administering the medication?
- Ask the client to drink 8 oz of water.
- Review the client's most recent Hgb level.
- Obtain the client's blood pressure.
- Determine if the client is allergic to NSAIDs.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. Obtain the client's blood pressure.Explanation
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic, commonly prescribed for hypertension and edema. Since HCTZ lowers blood pressure, it is important for the nurse to obtain the client's blood pressure before administering the medication. This ensures that the blood pressure is within a safe range and helps to monitor for potential hypotension as a side effect of the drug.A nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled antibiotic at 0800 to a client and discovers the antibiotic is not present in the client's medication drawer. The nurse should identify that administration of the medication can occur at which of the following time periods without requiring an incident report?
- 1000
- 0900
- 0830
- 1200
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. 0830Explanation
For time-critical scheduled medications (including many antibiotics), hospital policies often allow a 30-minute window before or after the scheduled time (e.g., 0730–0830 for an 0800 dose) without requiring an incident report. Administering at 0830 falls within this acceptable window and would not require an incident report.A nurse is planning to teach about inhalant medications to a client who has a recent diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to include in the teaching for the client to use prior to physical activity?
- Cromolyn
- Beclomethasone
- Budesonide
- Tiotropium
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. CromolynExplanation
Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer that works by preventing the release of histamine and other chemicals that can trigger asthma symptoms. It is effective in preventing exercise-induced asthma when used prior to physical activity. Cromolyn is not a bronchodilator but can help to prevent bronchospasm during or after exercise.A nurse is teaching a client who has insomnia about zolpidem. The nurse should identify that which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- "I will need to get laboratory testing prior to a refill of this medication."
- "I will use this medication for a short period of time."
- "I will need to take this medication for 1 week before results are seen."
- "I will need to change the medications to prevent building up a tolerance."
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. "I will use this medication for a short period of time."Explanation
Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic medication commonly prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is generally recommended for use on a short-term basis (usually 2-4 weeks) to minimize the risk of dependence, tolerance, and other side effects. This statement indicates the client's understanding of the appropriate use of the medication.A nurse is caring for a client who is taking nitroglycerin for angina and reports feeling faint when standing up. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- Inform the client that feeling faint is caused by rapid constriction of the blood vessels in the legs.
- Assist the client into bed, elevate the lower extremities, and check their blood pressure.
- Request a prescription for dobutamine from the client's provider.
- Check the client's blood pressure while they're still standing.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. Assist the client into bed, elevate the lower extremities, and check their blood pressure.Explanation:
Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially when moving from a sitting or lying position to a standing position. This can lead to orthostatic hypotension, which can cause dizziness or fainting. The appropriate response is to assist the client into bed, elevate their lower extremities to promote venous return, and then check their blood pressure to assess the extent of the drop. This intervention helps manage the fainting episode and ensures the client’s safety.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is to start a new prescription for sucralfate. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- Decreases stomach acid secretion
- Neutralizes acids in the stomach
- Forms a protective barrier over ulcers
- Treats ulcers by eradicating H. pylori
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. Forms a protective barrier over ulcersExplanation
Sucralfate is a medication used to treat peptic ulcer disease. It works by forming a protective barrier over the ulcer, which helps to shield it from stomach acid, allowing the ulcer to heal. Sucralfate does not neutralize stomach acids or decrease acid secretion but rather acts locally to protect the ulcerated area.A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a gastric ulcer and a new prescription for famotidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- "Take the medication on an empty stomach for full effectiveness."
- "You may discontinue this medication when stomach discomfort subsides."
- "Report yellowing of the skin."
- "You will be taking this medication for 2 weeks."
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
C. "Report yellowing of the skin."Explanation
Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions such as gastric ulcers. One of the rare but serious side effects of famotidine is liver dysfunction, which could manifest as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to report any signs of jaundice as it may indicate liver issues, requiring prompt medical attention.A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 250 mg PO to a school-age child. The amount available is amoxicillin oral suspension 200 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- 6.3 mL
- 5.5 mL
- 6.5 mL
- 7.0 mL
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. 6.3 mLExplanation
Given:- Desired Dose = 250 mg
- Concentration = 200 mg/5 mL
First, convert the concentration into mg/mL:
Concentration (mg/mL)=200 mg÷5 mL=40 mg/mL
Now, use the desired dose and concentration to find the volume:
Volume to administer (mL)=250 mg÷40 mg/mL=6.25 mL
Rounding 6.25 to the nearest tenth gives us:
Volume to administer (mL)=6.3 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 6.3 mL of amoxicillin oral suspension per dose.
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