Health, Fitness, and Wellness (C458)
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Free Health, Fitness, and Wellness (C458) Questions
Which nutrient need increases so as to protect bones in older adults
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Iron
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Fiber
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Vitamin D
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SCORE
Explanation
Correct Answer C: Vitamin D
Explanation
As people age, their bodies have a reduced ability to synthesize vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. An increased need for vitamin D helps to prevent bone loss and conditions like osteoporosis in older adults.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
A: Iron: While iron is important for overall health, it is not primarily concerned with bone health in older adults.
B: Fiber: Fiber is important for digestive health, but it does not directly influence bone protection in older adults.
D: SCORE: "SCORE" is not a relevant nutrient and does not apply in the context of protecting bone health.
What is the role of the immune system and name its major organs and structures
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Heart and lungs
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Brain and spinal cord
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White blood cells, lymph, bone marrow, tonsils, spleen
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White blood cells, lymph, bone marrow, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, thymus gland
Explanation
Correct Answer
D: White blood cells, lymph, bone marrow, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, thymus gland
Explanation
The immune system's main role is to protect the body from harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Major components include white blood cells, lymph, bone marrow, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and the thymus gland. These organs work together to detect and destroy pathogens and foreign substances.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
A: Heart and lungs: This is incorrect because the heart and lungs are parts of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, not the immune system.
B: Brain and spinal cord: This is incorrect because the brain and spinal cord are part of the nervous system, not the immune system.
C: White blood cells, lymph, bone marrow, tonsils, spleen: This is incorrect because it misses the adenoids and thymus gland, which are also critical components of the immune system.
Which of the fo lowing is a risk if the mother starts out underweight
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Overweight infant
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Preterm delivery
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Decreased risk of cesarean section
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Gestational diabetes
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Preterm delivery
Explanation
Mothers who are underweight before pregnancy are at an increased risk for having a preterm delivery. This is because underweight mothers may have lower nutrient reserves, which can affect fetal growth and the ability to sustain a pregnancy to full term.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
A: Overweight infant: Underweight mothers typically have a higher risk of delivering low birth weight infants, not overweight infants.
C: Decreased risk of cesarean section: Being underweight does not directly decrease the likelihood of needing a cesarean section. Factors like maternal health and labor progression are more influential.
D: Gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes is more commonly associated with overweight or obese mothers, not underweight mothers.
During what trimester are the effects of alcohol intake the greatest
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Second
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Third
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The effects are the same during all trimesters.
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First
Explanation
Correct Answer D: First
Explanation
The effects of alcohol intake during the first trimester are the greatest because this is the time when the baby’s organs and structures are forming. Alcohol consumption can interfere with this crucial development, leading to birth defects or developmental issues.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
A: Second:
While the second trimester is critical for development, the first trimester is when the foundational structures are established, making it the most sensitive period for alcohol exposure.
B: Third:
The third trimester is important for growth and development, but the risk of structural defects due to alcohol exposure is lower than during the first trimester.
C: The effects are the same during all trimesters:
This is not true. Alcohol has a more significant impact on development in the first trimester when the baby’s organs are forming.
What are the warning signs of mental illness
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Mood swings, avoidance, changes in eating and sleeping patterns, anxiety, negative emotions
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Increased energy, improved sleep, socializing more, positive emotions
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Avoidance, consistent mood, regular eating and sleeping patterns, positive emotions
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Consistent mood, regular eating and sleeping patterns, calmness, positive emotions
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Mood swings, avoidance, changes in eating and sleeping patterns, anxiety, negative emotions
Explanation
Warning signs of mental illness often include:
Mood swings: Extreme or uncontrollable changes in emotional state.
Avoidance: Withdrawing from social or work situations.
Changes in eating and sleeping patterns: Significant increases or decreases in appetite or sleep.
Anxiety: Increased worry or stress.
Negative emotions: Persistent feelings of sadness, guilt, or hopelessness.
Why other options are wrong
B) Increased energy, improved sleep, socializing more, positive emotions: These are generally signs of well-being, not mental illness.
C) Avoidance, consistent mood, regular eating and sleeping patterns, positive emotions: Consistency in mood and positive emotions is typically a sign of mental stability, not illness.
D) Consistent mood, regular eating and sleeping patterns, calmness, positive emotions: These indicate emotional balance and good mental health, not mental illness.
What is a controllable risk factor for coronary artery disease
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Smoking and stress
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Age and family history
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Race and gender
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High cholesterol levels
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Smoking and stress
Explanation
Controllable risk factors are those that individuals can change or manage through lifestyle modifications. Smoking and stress are both controllable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Quitting smoking and managing stress can significantly reduce the risk of developing heart disease.
Why other options are wrong
B) Age and family history: These are non-controllable risk factors. Age and genetic predisposition (family history) cannot be changed.
C) Race and gender: These are also non-controllable risk factors. While certain races and genders may be at higher risk, they cannot be altered.
D) High cholesterol levels: Although high cholesterol is a risk factor, it can be managed through diet, exercise, and medication, making it a modifiable but not entirely controllable factor like smoking and stress.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body
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Build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin
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Provide energy for cells, tissues, and organs
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Support RBC formation and immune system
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Provide essential fats for the body
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Provide energy for cells, tissues, and organs
Explanation
Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which cells use for energy. This is particularly important for the brain and muscles during physical activity.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
A: Build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin: This is primarily the function of proteins, not carbohydrates. Carbs are not used to build tissues but to provide energy for the body.
C: Support RBC formation and immune system: This function is related to Vitamin B12, folate, and iron, not carbohydrates. Carbs do not directly influence RBC formation.
D: Provide essential fats for the body: Fats provide essential fatty acids, not carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide energy, whereas fats are used for energy storage and certain cell functions.
What is a controllable risk factor for coronary artery disease
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Smoking and stress
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Age and family history
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Race and gender
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High cholesterol levels
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Smoking and stress
Explanation
Smoking and stress are controllable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). These lifestyle factors can be modified through behavior changes, such as quitting smoking and managing stress through relaxation techniques or lifestyle adjustments.
Why other options are wrong
B) Age and family history: Age and family history are non-controllable risk factors for CAD.
C) Race and gender: These are also non-controllable risk factors for CAD.
D) High cholesterol levels: While high cholesterol is a risk factor, it can be controlled through diet, exercise, and medication, so it is partly controllable, but smoking and stress are more directly controllable through lifestyle changes.
What is the recommended amount of sleep per day for a child between 6-13 years old
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6-8 hours
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7-9 hours
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9-11 hours
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12-14 hours
Explanation
Correct Answer C: 9-11 hours
Explanation
According to sleep recommendations, children between the ages of 6 and 13 should get between 9 and 11 hours of sleep each day to promote proper growth, development, and health.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
A: 6-8 hours: This amount is insufficient for children between 6-13 years old, as they need more sleep to support their development.
B: 7-9 hours: While this is closer to the appropriate range, children in this age group require 9-11 hours, making this option too low.
D: 12-14 hours: This amount of sleep is recommended for younger children, typically under the age of 6, not for children between 6-13 years old.
Which sleep stage is known as deep sleep and occurs in longer periods during the first half of the night
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Stage 3
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Light sleep
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NREM sleep
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REM sleep
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Stage 3
Explanation
Stage 3 is known as deep sleep, or slow-wave sleep. During this stage, the body experiences the deepest rest, and it typically occurs more prominently during the first half of the night.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
B: Light sleep: Light sleep is not the same as deep sleep. It occurs in the earlier stages of sleep (Stage 1 and Stage 2), but it is not as restorative as deep sleep (Stage 3).
C: NREM sleep: Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep includes several stages (Stages 1-3). Stage 3 is the deep sleep portion of NREM, but NREM sleep as a whole is not specifically deep sleep.
D: REM sleep: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs later in the sleep cycle and is associated with dreaming, but it is not considered deep sleep. Deep sleep primarily occurs in Stage 3.
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