HESI PN106 Fundamentals of Nursing 44047 Fall 2025 at Nightingale College
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Free HESI PN106 Fundamentals of Nursing 44047 Fall 2025 at Nightingale College Questions
A client is prescribed tobramycin 1.25 mg/kg IM to be administered every 12 hours for an ongoing bacterial infection. The client weighs 183 pounds. The vial is labeled "Tobramycin 0.2 g/mL." How many mL should the practical nurse (PN) administer for each dose? (Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
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4.2 mL
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5.1 mL
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3.0 mL
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0.5 mL
Explanation
To calculate the tobramycin dose and volume to administer:
1.Convert weight to kg:
183 lb ÷ 2.2 = 83.2 kg
2.Calculate dose:
1.25 mg/kg × 83.2 kg = 104 mg
3.Concentration:
Tobramycin 0.2 g/mL = 200 mg/mL
4.Calculate mL to administer:
Dose (104 mg) ÷ Concentration (200 mg/mL) = 0.52 mL
Rounded to nearest tenth: 0.5 mL
Final answer: 0.5 mL
A client is admitted to the medical unit for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A nasogastric tube (NGT) to low intermittent suction (LIS) is inserted, and two hours later a large amount of reddish-yellow, sticky liquid drainage is returned. Which computer documentation of the drainage should the practical nurse (PN) enter? Options:
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Copious amounts of rust-colored bile.
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One half container of purulent bloody pus.
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Large amount of productive orange fluid.
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400 mL serosanguineous tenacious drainage.
Explanation
In this scenario, the client is experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and the drainage returned from the nasogastric tube (NGT) is described as "reddish-yellow, sticky liquid." The term "serosanguineous" refers to drainage that is a mixture of serum (a clear yellowish fluid) and blood (reddish), which is consistent with the description of the fluid being reddish-yellow. The term "tenacious" refers to the sticky nature of the drainage, which further aligns with the description. Therefore, the documentation of "serosanguineous tenacious drainage" accurately reflects the characteristics of the returned drainage.
Which is/are the legal implication(s) of federally initiated healthcare acts on practical nursing (PN) practice? Select all that apply.
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Guides and defines legal boundaries of nursing practice.
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Failure to follow guidelines results in automatic loss of nursing license.
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Encourages nurses to keep up with current standards.
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Requires nurses to obtain malpractice insurance.
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Ignorance of the health acts is not permissible.
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
A. Guides and defines legal boundaries of nursing practice. C. Encourages nurses to keep up with current standards. E. Ignorance of the health acts is not permissible.
A. Guides and defines legal boundaries of nursing practice. Federally initiated healthcare acts establish the framework and guidelines for nursing practice. They define what is legally within the scope of practice for nurses, ensuring that they operate within the legal boundaries set forth by federal regulations.
C. Encourages nurses to keep up with current standards. Healthcare acts encourage nurses to stay updated with current standards of care and practices. These acts are designed to improve the quality of healthcare and ensure nurses are adhering to the best practices and guidelines set by federal authorities.
E. Ignorance of the health acts is not permissible. Nurses are held accountable for knowing and adhering to federal healthcare regulations. Ignorance of healthcare acts is not a valid defense, and failure to comply can result in legal consequences, including disciplinary actions against the nurse’s license.
A client with fecal incontinence has inflamed skin around the rectal area. Following an episode of incontinence, how should the practical nurse (PN) care for this area?
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Spray the area with a mild periwash solution.
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Rinse the inflamed area with dilute hydrogen peroxide.
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Gently massage around the outside of the reddened area.
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Apply a thick coating of antibiotic ointment.
Explanation
A mild periwash solution is commonly used to cleanse the area around the rectum in clients with fecal incontinence, especially if there is skin irritation. These solutions are gentle and help to clean the area without causing further irritation to the inflamed skin. After cleansing, it’s important to pat the area dry and possibly apply a protective barrier cream to prevent further irritation.
When making the bed of a client who needs a bed cradle, which action should the practical nurse (PN) include?
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Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
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Tell the client to call for help before getting out of bed.
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Keep both the upper and lower side rails in a raised position.
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Keep the bed in the lowest position while changing the sheets.
Explanation
When using a bed cradle, the top sheet and covers should be draped loosely over the cradle to prevent pressure on the client’s body. The bed cradle is used to keep the bedding from touching or putting pressure on areas of the body that may be injured, painful, or prone to skin breakdown. Loosely draping the bedding allows the client comfort while still providing the necessary protection.
Patient Data History and Physical The client is a 48-year-old male in the hospital for cellulitis to the left leg. He will receive IV antibiotics for the next 7 days. The client takes an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to control chronic hypertension, which will also be continued in the hospital. Nurses' Notes Flow Sheet 1800 The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) notified the practical nurse (PN) that the client's blood pressure is out of range. The practical nurse (PN) reviews the client's history and medical record. Which should the practical nurse (PN) do immediately after noting significant variations in the blood pressure readings? Select all that apply.
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A Attach the client to a cardiac monitor
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B Retake vital signs
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C Implement seizure precautions
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D Teach the client relaxation techniques
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E Administer angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug
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F Call the Rapid Response Team
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G Auscultate heart sounds
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H Assess the client for signs of hypertension
Explanation
Correct Answer Is:
B. Retake vital signs F. Call the Rapid Response Team G. Auscultate heart sounds H. Assess the client for signs of hypertension
B. Retake vital signs The PN should retake the vital signs to confirm whether the blood pressure reading is accurate or if it was a transient fluctuation. This step ensures that the initial reading wasn't an error and helps the nurse decide on the next course of action based on reliable data.
F. Call the Rapid Response Team If the blood pressure reading is significantly abnormal, and the client is symptomatic, the PN should call the Rapid Response Team (RRT). The RRT can provide immediate intervention and help prevent further complications. Rapid response is especially necessary if the client is showing signs of distress, such as dizziness or chest pain.
G. Auscultate heart sounds Auscultating the heart sounds is crucial to check for any abnormal heart rhythms or murmurs that may be contributing to the elevated blood pressure. This step helps in diagnosing any underlying cardiac issues that might require treatment or further investigation.
H. Assess the client for signs of hypertension The PN should assess the client for signs of hypertension, such as headache, dizziness, or chest pain. These symptoms can indicate that the client is experiencing a hypertensive crisis, which requires immediate medical attention and intervention. Identifying these symptoms helps in determining the urgency of the situation.
While suctioning a client as seen in the picture, t he practical nurse (PN) notes that the client's pulse oximeter reading decreases from 96% to 89%. Which action should the PN take first?
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A Stop the intermittent suction.
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B Remove the suction catheter.
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C Place in high Fowler's position.
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D Apply oxygen via nasal cannula.
Explanation
When a patient’s oxygen saturation level drops to 89%, it indicates a significant decrease in oxygen levels, which requires immediate action to prevent hypoxia. Applying oxygen via a nasal cannula is the correct intervention to restore oxygen levels. This method helps to increase the oxygen concentration in the patient's airway and improve the oxygen saturation levels in the blood. Nasal cannulas are non-invasive, effective, and appropriate for providing supplemental oxygen to patients with a moderate decrease in oxygen saturation.
While performing a physical assessment on a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the practical nurse (PN) determines that the client's respiratory rate is 30 breaths/minute. When the PN begins to assess the client's range of motion (ROM), which is the best plan to implement?
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Limit ROM assessment to the lower extremities only.
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Ask the client to perform flexion and extension of arms 5 times.
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Observe the client performing lateral flexion of the waist.
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Defer ROM assessment because of the respiratory rate.
Explanation
A respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute is elevated and may indicate that the client is experiencing respiratory distress or fatigue. Performing physical activities, such as range of motion exercises, could exacerbate the client's breathing difficulty. Therefore, the best course of action is to defer the ROM assessment until the client’s respiratory status improves or stabilizes. The PN should prioritize the client’s breathing and ensure that they are not overexerting themselves.
The practical nurse (PN) is providing care for a client with a history of a stroke and who has aphasia. The client is exhibiting restlessness, shallow respirations, and clenching teeth. Which problem should the PN assess further?
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Elevated blood pressure
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Change in blood glucose level
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Alteration in comfort
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Deficit in diversional activity
Explanation
Restlessness, shallow respirations, and clenching teeth in a client with a history of stroke and aphasia are strong indicators of pain or discomfort, which may not be easily communicated due to the client's aphasia. Stroke patients with aphasia often show nonverbal signs of distress, such as clenching teeth or restlessness, which may be mistaken for other issues. The PN should assess further to identify and manage any potential sources of discomfort or pain, as this is the most likely issue based on the symptoms presented.
When the practical nurse (PN) turns a client with right-sided paralysis from a supine to a left lateral position, which bony prominence is most likely to manifest signs of erythema when first turned?
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Iliac crest.
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Lateral malleolus.
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Sacrum.
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Ischial tuberosities.
Explanation
The sacrum is the bony prominence most likely to show signs of erythema when turning a client with right-sided paralysis into a left lateral position. The sacrum bears the brunt of pressure when a client is lying or turned to one side. In patients with paralysis, especially on the affected side, the lack of sensation and inability to shift weight places the sacrum at higher risk for pressure sores or erythema. The prolonged pressure on this area without relief can lead to tissue damage, making it the first area to show redness.
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