D443 Health Assessment
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Free D443 Health Assessment Questions
1. Percussion is a physical assessment technique used to assess all the following EXCEPT
- Density of a body structure
- Fluid in body cavities
- Edges of body organs
- Function of underlying structures
Explanation
Percussion is a physical assessment technique in which the examiner taps on the body surface to assess the underlying structures. It helps determine the density of tissues, locate fluid in body cavities, and outline the edges of organs. However, percussion does not directly assess the function of underlying structures; functional evaluation requires other assessment methods such as auscultation, palpation, or diagnostic testing.
2. Which steps are included in the working phase of an interview?
- Summarizing data
- Building trust
- Offering time to answer a patient's questions
- Collecting data
Explanation
The working phase of an interview focuses on collecting comprehensive data from the patient about their health, symptoms, and concerns. During this phase, the nurse actively gathers information, clarifies details, and explores the patient’s experiences to develop a complete understanding of their condition. Building trust, summarizing data, and offering time for questions are important in other phases, but the working phase specifically emphasizes data collection for assessment and planning.
3. Which of the following factors can lead to inaccurately elevated blood pressure readings during measurement?
- Using a cuff that is too large
- Positioning the arm above the heart level
- Crossing the legs during measurement
- Deflating the cuff too quickly
Explanation
Crossing the legs during blood pressure measurement can cause a falsely elevated reading. This occurs because crossing the legs increases peripheral vascular resistance, which raises the measured systolic and diastolic pressures. Proper positioning with feet flat on the floor and arms at heart level is essential for accurate readings. Using an oversized cuff or positioning the arm above the heart would typically lower the reading, while rapid deflation can lead to inaccurate systolic and diastolic values but is less likely to cause consistent elevation.
4. What is the primary purpose of percussion in a clinical assessment?
- To measure blood pressure
- To evaluate the size and consistency of internal organs
- To listen to heart sounds
- To assess respiratory rate
Explanation
Percussion is a technique used in clinical assessment to evaluate the size, consistency, and presence of fluid or air in internal organs or body cavities. By tapping on the body surface and listening to the resulting sounds, clinicians can infer information about underlying structures, such as detecting fluid in the lungs or the borders of the liver. It is distinct from measuring vital signs or auscultation, which involve listening to internal sounds.
5. Preventing diseases by educating and promoting healthy lifestyle behavior
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
Explanation
Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of disease before it occurs by promoting healthy behaviors and educating individuals about lifestyle choices. This includes activities such as vaccination, nutrition education, exercise promotion, and health screenings for risk factors. The goal is to reduce the incidence of disease and promote overall well-being rather than treating or managing existing conditions, which differentiates it from secondary and tertiary prevention.
6. Which type of questioning is most effective in allowing patients to express their thoughts and feelings about their health conditions?
- Closed-ended questions
- Leading questions
- Open-ended questions
- Multiple-choice questions
Explanation
Open-ended questions are most effective for encouraging patients to express their thoughts, feelings, and concerns in their own words. These questions allow patients to provide detailed responses, give context to their experiences, and promote discussion. In contrast, closed-ended or leading questions limit responses, while multiple-choice questions are restrictive and do not facilitate in-depth communication.
7. Which of the following factors can contribute to increased levels of depression among individuals who identify as part of the LGBTQ+ community?
- Supportive family and community relationships
- Experiencing discrimination or social stigma
- Access to mental health resources
- Engagement in positive social activities
Explanation
Experiencing discrimination or social stigma can significantly contribute to increased levels of depression among individuals in the LGBTQ+ community. Social prejudice, rejection, and marginalization create chronic stress, lower self-esteem, and feelings of isolation, which are well-established risk factors for depression. In contrast, supportive family and community relationships, access to mental health resources, and engagement in positive social activities are protective factors that help reduce the risk of depression.
8.
During an interview, a patient denies having any anxiety. The patient frequently changes position in the chair, holds his arms folded tight against his chest, and has little eye contact with the interviewer.
The interviewer should:- Use confrontation to bring the discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal behavior to the patient's attention
- Proceed with the interview. Patients are usually truthful with healthcare providers
- Make a mental note to discuss the behavior after the physical exam is completed
- Proceed with the interview and exam as outlined on the agency assessment form. The patient's behavior is appropriate for the circumstances
Explanation
Using confrontation is an appropriate interview technique when there is a clear discrepancy between a patient’s verbal statements and nonverbal behaviors. By addressing the inconsistency in a respectful and professional manner, the interviewer can encourage the patient to clarify or explore underlying emotions, such as anxiety, that may not be openly acknowledged. This approach facilitates accurate assessment and helps build trust while gathering important information about the patient’s emotional and psychological state.
9. What is a Follow-up/episodic health assessment?
- Follow-up after hospital discharge
- Inpatient change of care provider
- Admission to hospital or long term care
- Disease detection
- Chest pain, ankle pain
Explanation
A follow-up or episodic health assessment is conducted when a patient returns for evaluation after a previously identified health issue or treatment. The goal is to monitor progress, assess the effectiveness of interventions, and identify any new concerns related to the original problem. For example, a follow-up after hospital discharge to check wound healing or medication effectiveness is a classic scenario for this type of assessment. It is more focused and shorter than a comprehensive assessment.
10. What is the primary principle underlying Standard Precautions in infection control?
- All patients should be treated as if they are infectious.
- Only patients with known infections require protective measures.
- Infection control measures are only necessary during surgical procedures.
- Standard Precautions apply only to blood and not to other body fluids.
Explanation
The primary principle of Standard Precautions is that all patients should be treated as if they are infectious, regardless of their known infection status. This approach ensures that healthcare workers consistently apply protective measures, such as hand hygiene, gloves, masks, and other PPE, to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Standard precautions are applied to all body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat), not just blood, and are relevant in all healthcare settings, not only during surgery.
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