Integrated Physical Sciences (C165)
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Free Integrated Physical Sciences (C165) Questions
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding action-reaction forces
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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Objects that are interacting must be moving for Newton's third law to apply to them.
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Both action and reaction forces are real forces.
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Action and reaction forces are always equal and opposite.
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Objects that are interacting must be moving for Newton's third law to apply to them.
Explanation:
Newton's third law applies to all interactions, whether the objects are moving or not. The law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, regardless of the motion of the objects involved.
Why other options are wrong:
A) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction:
This is a true statement according to Newton's third law.
C) Both action and reaction forces are real forces:
This is true. Both action and reaction forces are real, and they act on different objects but are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
D) Action and reaction forces are always equal and opposite:
This is true. By definition of Newton's third law, the action and reaction forces are always equal in size and opposite in direction.
Which force keeps Jupiter in orbit around the Sun
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Gravity
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Inertia
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Precipitation
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Friction
Explanation
Correct Answer A: Gravity
Explanation:
Gravity is the force that keeps Jupiter in orbit around the Sun. The gravitational pull from the Sun attracts Jupiter, preventing it from flying off into space.
Why other options are wrong:
B) Inertia:
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in motion, but it is gravity that ultimately keeps Jupiter in orbit.
C) Precipitation:
Precipitation refers to water that falls from the sky (rain, snow, etc.) and is unrelated to the forces acting on planets in orbit.
D) Friction:
Friction is a force that resists motion between two surfaces in contact, but it does not play a role in keeping planets in orbit.
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth's crust states that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics, chemistry, and geology supports this explanation. Which type of scientific idea is this explanation an example of
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Hypothesis
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Theory
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Physics
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Law
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Theory
Explanation:
This is an example of a scientific theory. A theory is a well-tested explanation that is supported by evidence from various scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, and geology, like in this case with plate tectonics.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Hypothesis:
A hypothesis is a testable prediction, but the explanation of plate tectonics is based on extensive evidence, making it a theory, not a hypothesis.
C) Physics:
While physics is involved in the study of plate tectonics, this option is too broad and does not specifically describe the explanation of plate movements.
D) Law:
A law describes a natural phenomenon that consistently occurs, but it does not explain why it happens, which makes this a theory rather than a law.
Which field of science would MOST directly devise ways to detect and analyze reflected light obtained by remote sensing
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life science
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chemistry
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physics
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Earth science
Explanation
Correct Answer C: physics
Explanation:
Physics focuses on the principles of light, optics, and electromagnetic radiation, which are essential for remote sensing technologies.
Why other options are wrong:
A) life science:
Life science deals with living organisms and ecosystems, not the principles behind detecting light.
B) chemistry:
Chemistry focuses on the composition of matter, not directly the analysis of reflected light in remote sensing.
D) Earth science:
Earth science uses data from remote sensing but does not primarily focus on the development of the technology behind it.
A chocolate chip cookie is made with dough and chocolate chips. Which type of substance is a chocolate chip cookie
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Compound
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After Heat And Pressure
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Liquid
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Mixture
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Mixture
Explanation:
A chocolate chip cookie is a mixture because it consists of two or more substances (cookie dough and chocolate chips) combined, but not chemically bonded.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Compound:
A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine. A chocolate chip cookie is not a compound since its ingredients retain their individual properties.
B) After Heat And Pressure:
This phrase does not describe a type of substance. It refers to geological processes that can form certain types of rocks, not food.
C) Liquid:
A chocolate chip cookie is not in the liquid state; it is a solid when baked.
During heavy rains, the soil on a farm is washed away into a nearby river. Which parts of the water cycle result in this loss of soil
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Erosion And Deposition
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Gravity
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Precipitation
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Runoff
- Evaporation
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Runoff
Explanation:
Runoff refers to the movement of water over the ground's surface, which can carry soil and other materials into nearby rivers and bodies of water. In this case, the heavy rains lead to soil being washed away.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Erosion And Deposition:
While erosion is involved, the specific process of soil being carried away is runoff, not just erosion and deposition.
B) Gravity:
Gravity plays a role in the movement of water and soil, but it is the runoff that directly causes the soil to be washed away.
C) Precipitation:
Precipitation is the process of rain or snow falling to the Earth, but the washing away of soil occurs as a result of runoff, not precipitation alone.
E) Evaporation:
Evaporation is the process where water changes from liquid to gas, but it does not directly relate to soil being washed away.
Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other. What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied to each box
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The box with less mass remains stationary.
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The box with more mass moves faster.
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The basket will move up.
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The box with less mass accelerates more.
Explanation
Correct Answer D: The box with less mass accelerates more.
Explanation:
According to Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass when the same net force is applied. Therefore, the box with less mass will accelerate more than the box with more mass.
Why other options are wrong:
A) The box with less mass remains stationary:
This is incorrect because the force applied is sufficient to overcome static friction and move both boxes.
B) The box with more mass moves faster:
This is incorrect because the box with more mass will accelerate slower than the box with less mass, given the same net force.
C) The basket will move up:
This option is unrelated to the scenario of the two boxes and does not address the forces or acceleration at play.
A substance with sodium atoms bonded to chlorine atoms
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Molecule
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Element
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Compound
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Mixture
Explanation
Correct Answer C: Compound
Explanation
A compound is a substance formed when two or more different types of atoms chemically bond together. Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form a compound known as sodium chloride (NaCl) through ionic bonding. Compounds have distinct chemical properties and cannot be separated into their components by physical means.
Why other options are wrong
A. Molecule:
While all compounds are molecules, not all molecules are compounds. Molecules can also consist of the same type of atom (e.g., O₂), which is not the case here. Sodium chloride is a compound, not just a general molecule.
B. Element:
An element consists of only one type of atom. Sodium and chlorine are elements individually, but sodium chloride is a combination of two elements, making it a compound.
D. Mixture:
A mixture involves the physical combination of two or more substances without chemical bonding. Sodium and chlorine in sodium chloride are chemically bonded, so it is not a mixture.
How does a hypothesis compare with a law
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A law and a hypothesis are both tested and supported by extensive evidence.
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A law and a hypothesis are both supported by little if any evidence.
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A law is supported by extensive evidence, but a hypothesis has not been tested enough to be supported by extensive evidence yet.
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A hypothesis is supported by extensive evidence, but a law is supported by little, if any, evidence.
- Both laws and hypotheses are supported by extensive evidence. The difference, however, is that laws are proven, while hypotheses are not.
Explanation
Correct Answer C: A law is supported by extensive evidence, but a hypothesis has not been tested enough to be supported by extensive evidence yet.
Explanation:
A scientific law is a statement that describes an observed phenomenon, supported by extensive evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction or explanation that has not yet been extensively tested or proven.
Why other options are wrong:
A) A law and a hypothesis are both tested and supported by extensive evidence:
This is incorrect because a hypothesis is not yet supported by extensive evidence when it is first proposed.
B) A law and a hypothesis are both supported by little if any evidence:
This is incorrect because a law is well-supported by evidence, whereas a hypothesis is not yet proven.
D) A hypothesis is supported by extensive evidence, but a law is supported by little, if any, evidence:
This is incorrect because a law is supported by extensive evidence, not little.
E) Both laws and hypotheses are supported by extensive evidence. The difference, however, is that laws are proven, while hypotheses are not:
While hypotheses are not yet proven, this option is misleading because it implies that hypotheses cannot be tested, which is not true.
The map shows some of Earth's tectonic plates with the directions of plate motion indicated by arrows
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Volcanoes are equally likely at locations A and C.
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Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
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Volcanoes are more likely at location C than at location A.
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There are no volcanoes at either location A or C.
Explanation
Correct Answer C: Volcanoes are more likely at location C than at location A.
Explanation:
Tectonic plate boundaries, such as divergent, convergent, or transform boundaries, are where volcanoes are more likely to occur. If location C is near a divergent or convergent boundary (for example, a subduction zone), volcanic activity is more likely there.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Volcanoes are equally likely at locations A and C:
This is unlikely unless the plate boundaries at both locations have the same type of movement and conditions, which may not be true.
B) Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide:
This option is unrelated to tectonic plate movement and volcanic activity. It pertains to global warming and climate change.
D) There are no volcanoes at either location A or C:
This is incorrect if either location is near tectonic plate boundaries where volcanic activity is typically found.
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Frequently Asked Question
SCIE 1020 C165 covers fundamental principles of physical sciences, including Newton’s Laws of Motion, energy transfer, the greenhouse effect, atomic structure, chemical reactions, forces, and properties of matter.
The best approach includes reviewing course materials, taking practice quizzes, watching explanatory videos, and applying concepts to real-world scenarios to strengthen understanding.
Newton’s First Law (the Law of Inertia) explains why objects resist changes in motion, such as why passengers lurch forward when a car suddenly stops.
Water’s high specific heat capacity allows it to absorb and release heat slowly, helping stabilize temperatures in coastal and oceanic environments.
Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface, preventing heat from escaping and leading to an increase in global temperatures.
The three types of heat transfer are conduction (direct contact), convection (fluid movement), and radiation (electromagnetic waves).
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion (e.g., a moving car), while potential energy is stored energy (e.g., a stretched rubber band).