Integrated Physical Sciences (C165)
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Free Integrated Physical Sciences (C165) Questions
A heavy rain produces runoff.
Which reservoir does the water become a part of during this runoff process?
- A. Ground water
- B. Surface water
- C. Glaciers
- D. Atmosphere
Explanation
During runoff, water from heavy rain flows over the land and eventually collects in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. This water becomes part of surface water. Groundwater, glaciers, and the atmosphere are not directly affected by runoff in the same way.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Surface water
In 2011, scientists reported on an experiment in which neutrinos appeared to travel faster than light. This result was remarkable because it violates Einstein’s theory of special relativity, which has been a cornerstone of our understanding of physics since 1905.
What is the appropriate scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction?
- A. Check the experimental setup and try to replicate the results
- B. Ignore the new data because it contradicts Einstein's idea
- C. Change the new data to show speeds lower than the speed of light
- D. Abandon Einstein’s theory because it has been proven invalid
Explanation
The proper scientific approach is to check the experimental setup and try to replicate the results. Scientific knowledge evolves through continuous testing and replication of experiments. If new data contradicts established theories, scientists should verify the results by repeating the experiment. The scientific method encourages skepticism, investigation, and replication, rather than dismissing findings or altering data. Ignoring or altering the data would be unscientific, and abandoning a well-established theory should only occur after rigorous verification.
Correct Answer Is:
A. Check the experimental setup and try to replicate the results
If the mass of an object is halved and its speed doubled, its momentum will
-
halve
-
double
-
increase by a factor of 4
-
not change
Explanation
Correct Answer B: double
Explanation:
Momentum (p) is calculated using the formula p = mv, where mm is the mass and v is the velocity (speed). If the mass is halved (m2\frac{m}{2}) and the speed is doubled (2v), the new momentum becomes:
p′= (m2)(2v) = mv = p
So, the momentum remains the same, but since both the changes in mass and speed contribute to the momentum in such a way that the effect on momentum is doubled overall, the momentum will double.
Why other options are wrong:
A) halve:
This is incorrect because halving the mass and doubling the speed does not lead to halving the momentum.
C) increase by a factor of 4:
This is incorrect because the effects of halving mass and doubling speed cancel each other out, so momentum is only doubled, not quadrupled.
D) not change:
This is incorrect because the combination of halving the mass and doubling the speed results in a momentum that is doubled.
In which state of matter do particles within a substance vibrate around fixed positions?
- A. Gas
- B. Solid
- C. Plasma
- D. Liquid
Explanation
In a solid, the particles vibrate around fixed positions but do not move freely. The particles are closely packed and have a set arrangement, allowing them to vibrate but not move past each other. In gases and liquids, particles move more freely, and in plasma, particles are ionized and have high energy.
Correct Answer Is:
B. Solid
Which of the following force statements is FALSE
-
A force is a push or a pull.
-
A force can cause a change in motion.
-
A force is not needed to cause acceleration.
-
Acceleration is caused by a force.
Explanation
Correct Answer C: A force is not needed to cause acceleration.
Explanation:
According to Newton's second law of motion, a force is required to cause acceleration. This statement is false because acceleration cannot occur without a force acting on an object.
Why other options are wrong:
A) A force is a push or a pull:
This statement is true, as force is defined as any interaction that can cause a change in an object's motion, which can be a push or pull.
B) A force can cause a change in motion:
This statement is true because a force can change the velocity or direction of an object, which is a change in motion.
D) Acceleration is caused by a force:
This statement is true, following Newton's second law, which states that acceleration is the result of a net force acting on an object
What charge does a neutron have
-
Negative
-
Positive
-
A negative charge
-
No charge
Explanation
Correct Answer D: No charge
Explanation:
A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It has no charge, making it neutral.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Negative:
A negatively charged particle is called an electron, not a neutron.
B) Positive:
A positively charged particle is called a proton, not a neutron.
C) A negative charge:
This is incorrect as neutrons are neutral and do not carry a negative charge.
Kepler discovered that planets move in elliptical paths around the sun. Repeated observations have confirmed Kepler’s finding. Which type of scientific statement is Kepler’s discovery?
- A. Inference
- B. Law
- C. Theory
- D. Hypothesis
Explanation
Kepler's discovery is a Law. Scientific laws describe consistent and repeatable relationships or phenomena observed in nature. Kepler's law of planetary motion, which describes the elliptical orbits of planets, has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and is considered a fundamental principle of astronomy. It is not an inference (a conclusion based on evidence), theory (an explanation for phenomena based on a body of evidence), or hypothesis (a testable prediction).
Correct Answer Is:
B. Law
Which of the following derived units do NOT measure speed
-
mm/min²
-
cm/day
-
m/s
-
km/hr
Explanation
Correct Answer A: mm/min²
Explanation:
mm/min² is a unit of acceleration, not speed, because it includes time squared (min²), which signifies change in speed over time.
Why other options are wrong:
B) cm/day:
This is a unit of speed (distance over time), just expressed in centimeters per day.
C) m/s:
This is a valid unit of speed, representing meters per second.
D) km/hr:
This is another valid unit of speed, representing kilometers per hour.
A mathematical model is used to predict the trajectory of a bullet fired from a gun. Which discipline of physical science is used to develop this model
-
Gravitational
-
Chemistry
-
Law
-
Physics
Explanation
Correct Answer D: Physics
Explanation:
Physics is the branch of physical science that deals with the properties of matter, energy, and the forces acting upon them. The trajectory of a bullet involves understanding forces such as gravity, velocity, and air resistance, all of which are studied in physics.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Gravitational:
While gravity is an important force in the trajectory of a bullet, "gravitational" refers specifically to the force of gravity. The broader field that studies the forces affecting a bullet's trajectory is physics.
B) Chemistry:
Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions at the molecular and atomic level. It does not directly address the prediction of the motion of a bullet.
C) Law:
"Law" refers to established principles, like Newton’s laws of motion, but it is not a physical science discipline. The relevant discipline is physics, which encompasses the study of motion and forces.
Where is metamorphic rock found in the rock cycle
-
After melting and cooling
-
After erosion and deposition
-
After folding and cracking
-
After heat and pressure
Explanation
Correct Answer D: After heat and pressure
Explanation:
Metamorphic rock forms when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure deep within Earth's crust. This alters the structure and composition of the rock without it melting.
Why other options are wrong:
A) After melting and cooling:
This describes the formation of igneous rocks, not metamorphic rocks.
B) After erosion and deposition:
Erosion and deposition lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks, not metamorphic rocks.
C) After folding and cracking:
While folding and cracking can occur in the formation of metamorphic rocks, heat and pressure are the key factors in their formation.
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Frequently Asked Question
SCIE 1020 C165 covers fundamental principles of physical sciences, including Newton’s Laws of Motion, energy transfer, the greenhouse effect, atomic structure, chemical reactions, forces, and properties of matter.
The best approach includes reviewing course materials, taking practice quizzes, watching explanatory videos, and applying concepts to real-world scenarios to strengthen understanding.
Newton’s First Law (the Law of Inertia) explains why objects resist changes in motion, such as why passengers lurch forward when a car suddenly stops.
Water’s high specific heat capacity allows it to absorb and release heat slowly, helping stabilize temperatures in coastal and oceanic environments.
Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface, preventing heat from escaping and leading to an increase in global temperatures.
The three types of heat transfer are conduction (direct contact), convection (fluid movement), and radiation (electromagnetic waves).
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion (e.g., a moving car), while potential energy is stored energy (e.g., a stretched rubber band).