Integrated Physical Sciences (C165)
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Free Integrated Physical Sciences (C165) Questions
Which element has 31 electrons in each neutral atom?
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Gallium (Ga)
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Neon (Ne)
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Aluminum (Al)
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Hydrogen (H)
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answer: (A) Gallium (Ga)
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the atomic number. Gallium has atomic number 31, so a neutral gallium atom contains 31 electrons.
Electromagnetic waves are sometimes used to disinfect drinking water. Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in this way?
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Infrared radiation
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Visible light
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Radio waves
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Ultraviolet radiation
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answer: (D) Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has sufficient energy to damage the DNA and cellular structures of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, preventing them from reproducing. This makes UV radiation effective for disinfecting drinking water by inactivating harmful pathogens without adding chemicals.
Which processes form winding, S-shaped curves in a river?
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Erosion and deposition by ice
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Erosion and deposition by wind
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Erosion and deposition by flowing water
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Erosion and deposition by gravity
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answer: (C) Erosion and deposition by flowing water
Meanders form as moving river water erodes the outer banks of a bend where flow is faster and deposits sediment on the inner banks where flow is slower. Over time, this continuous process of erosion and deposition by flowing water creates winding, S-shaped curves in the river channel.
Commercial airline pilots seek out stable atmospheric conditions to ensure a smooth flight. Which layers of the atmosphere are of most interest to airline pilots? Choose 2 answers.
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Thermosphere
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Stratosphere
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Troposphere
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Mesosphere
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answers: (B) Stratosphere and (C) Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where most weather occurs, including turbulence, clouds, and storms, which directly affect flight conditions. The stratosphere lies above it and is much more stable, with less vertical air movement, making it desirable for smoother flight routes when aircraft ascend above weather systems.
A galaxy consists of many stars in the same large region of space. Which phenomenon leads stars to group together to form a galaxy
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Troposphere
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Gravity between stars
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Electrical attraction
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Nuclear force between ions
Explanation
Correct Answer B: Gravity between stars
Explanation:
Stars within a galaxy are held together by gravity. The gravitational attraction between the stars pulls them into a group, forming the galaxy.
Why other options are wrong:
A) Troposphere:
The troposphere refers to the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere and does not affect the formation of galaxies.
C) Electrical attraction:
Electrical forces are significant at the atomic and molecular level but are not responsible for the formation of galaxies, where gravitational forces dominate.
D) Nuclear force between ions:
Nuclear forces act within the nucleus of atoms, not on a galactic scale. Gravity is the force responsible for the formation of galaxies.
Which properties will elements in group 17 share, based on location in the periodic table? Choose two answers.
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Poor thermal conductivity
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Good electrical conductivity
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Poor electrical conductivity
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Good thermal conductivity
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answers: (A) Poor thermal conductivity and (C) Poor electrical conductivity
Group 17 elements (halogens) are nonmetals, and nonmetals typically lack free-moving electrons, making them poor conductors of both heat and electricity. This is why they share low thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity as characteristic properties.
What is true during summer in the northern hemisphere
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The northern hemisphere experiences colder temperatures than in the winter.
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The northern hemisphere has less daylight than in the winter.
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The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter.
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The northern hemisphere receives the same amount of sunlight as in the winter.
Explanation
Correct Answer C: The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter.
Explanation:
During summer in the northern hemisphere, the Earth's tilt causes the region to receive more direct sunlight. This leads to warmer temperatures and longer days.
Why other options are wrong:
A) The northern hemisphere experiences colder temperatures than in the winter:
This is incorrect because summer in the northern hemisphere is typically warmer due to more direct sunlight.
B) The northern hemisphere has less daylight than in the winter:
In summer, the northern hemisphere has more daylight, not less.
D) The northern hemisphere receives the same amount of sunlight as in the winter:
In summer, the northern hemisphere receives more sunlight, not the same amount as in winter.
What happens when wet clothes dry outside on a warm day
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The water in the clothes absorbs energy from the air and becomes a gas.
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The water in the clothes evaporates without any energy change.
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The water in the clothes remains unchanged as the temperature rises.
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The water in the clothes freezes into ice crystals.
Explanation
Correct Answer A: The water in the clothes absorbs energy from the air and becomes a gas.
Explanation:
As the clothes dry, the water absorbs energy (heat) from the surrounding air, causing it to change from a liquid to a gas in a process known as evaporation. The heat energy helps the water molecules break free from the liquid phase and become vapor.
Why other options are wrong:
B) The water in the clothes evaporates without any energy change:
This is incorrect because evaporation requires energy for the water to transition from liquid to gas.
C) The water in the clothes remains unchanged as the temperature rises:
This is not true, as the water evaporates due to the increased temperature and energy absorption.
D) The water in the clothes freezes into ice crystals:
Freezing happens when the temperature drops, not when it rises. The warm day causes evaporation, not freezing.
Which scenario demonstrates a chemical change?
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An ice cube melts into water.
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Droplets form on a cold glass cup.
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Water is boiled to water vapor.
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A cut of meat spoils when left out.
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answer: (D) A cut of meat spoils when left out.
A chemical change produces new substances with different properties, often involving irreversible processes such as decomposition. When meat spoils, chemical reactions caused by bacteria break down proteins and fats, forming new substances and changing odor, texture, and composition.
A scientist wants to determine how the speed of flowing water affects the size of sediment particles it can carry. The scientist places a mix of sediment particles water through the trough. The scientist varies the speed of the water and measures the sizes of the particles that the water carries away. Which type of investigation is the scientist using?
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Observational study
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Controlled experiment
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Computational model
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Field study
Explanation
Explanation
Correct answer: (B) Controlled experiment
A controlled experiment is defined as an investigation in which one variable is deliberately manipulated (independent variable) while other conditions are kept constant in order to observe its effect on a dependent variable. In this case, the scientist actively varies the speed of water flow while measuring the resulting sediment particle sizes, which fits the structure of a controlled experimental design.
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Frequently Asked Question
SCIE 1020 C165 covers fundamental principles of physical sciences, including Newton’s Laws of Motion, energy transfer, the greenhouse effect, atomic structure, chemical reactions, forces, and properties of matter.
The best approach includes reviewing course materials, taking practice quizzes, watching explanatory videos, and applying concepts to real-world scenarios to strengthen understanding.
Newton’s First Law (the Law of Inertia) explains why objects resist changes in motion, such as why passengers lurch forward when a car suddenly stops.
Water’s high specific heat capacity allows it to absorb and release heat slowly, helping stabilize temperatures in coastal and oceanic environments.
Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface, preventing heat from escaping and leading to an increase in global temperatures.
The three types of heat transfer are conduction (direct contact), convection (fluid movement), and radiation (electromagnetic waves).
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion (e.g., a moving car), while potential energy is stored energy (e.g., a stretched rubber band).