C898 Earth Science: Content Knowledge
Access The Exact Questions for C898 Earth Science: Content Knowledge
💯 100% Pass Rate guaranteed
🗓️ Unlock for 1 Month
Rated 4.8/5 from over 1000+ reviews
- Unlimited Exact Practice Test Questions
- Trusted By 200 Million Students and Professors
Starting from
$30/month
What’s Included:
- Unlock 100 + Actual Exam Questions and Answers for C898 Earth Science: Content Knowledge on monthly basis
- Well-structured questions covering all topics, accompanied by organized images.
- Learn from mistakes with detailed answer explanations.
- Easy To understand explanations for all students.
Access and unlock Multiple Practice Question for C898 Earth Science: Content Knowledge to help you Pass at ease.
Free C898 Earth Science: Content Knowledge Questions
1.
The principle of original horizontality applies primarily to:
- A. Igneous rocks
- B. Sedimentary rocks
- C. Metamorphic rocks
- D. All rocks equally
Explanation
Explanation
The principle of original horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited in nearly
horizontal sheets. This concept is fundamental in sedimentary geology because it provides a basis for
interpreting the relative ages of rock layers and understanding geologic structures. While igneous and
metamorphic rocks can also be layered in some contexts, the principle specifically applies to sedimentary
rocks formed from deposited sediments that settle under gravity in horizontal or nearly horizontal layers.
Correct Answer:
Sedimentary rocks
The principle of original horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited in nearly
horizontal sheets. This concept is fundamental in sedimentary geology because it provides a basis for
interpreting the relative ages of rock layers and understanding geologic structures. While igneous and
metamorphic rocks can also be layered in some contexts, the principle specifically applies to sedimentary
rocks formed from deposited sediments that settle under gravity in horizontal or nearly horizontal layers.
Correct Answer:
Sedimentary rocks
2.
The eventual fate of the Sun will be to become a:
- A. Black hole
- B. Neutron star
- C. White dwarf
- D. Supernova
Explanation
Explanation
The Sun will eventually become a white dwarf. As a medium-sized star, it lacks the mass required to end
its life in a supernova or collapse into a neutron star or black hole. After exhausting its hydrogen fuel, the
Sun will expand into a red giant, shed its outer layers to form a planetary nebula, and leave behind a
dense, hot core that gradually cools over billions of years as a white dwarf. This white dwarf will contain
no fusion reactions and slowly fade over time.
Correct Answer:
White dwarf
The Sun will eventually become a white dwarf. As a medium-sized star, it lacks the mass required to end
its life in a supernova or collapse into a neutron star or black hole. After exhausting its hydrogen fuel, the
Sun will expand into a red giant, shed its outer layers to form a planetary nebula, and leave behind a
dense, hot core that gradually cools over billions of years as a white dwarf. This white dwarf will contain
no fusion reactions and slowly fade over time.
Correct Answer:
White dwarf
3.
The Richter magnitude scale measures:
- A. Total energy released
- B. Ground shaking intensity
- C. Damage caused
- D. Duration of shaking
Explanation
Explanation
The Richter magnitude scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake,
which represents the total energy released at the earthquake’s source. It is calculated using seismic wave
amplitudes recorded by seismographs. While the Richter scale reflects energy release, it does not directly
measure ground shaking intensity, damage, or duration, as these depend on other factors such as distance
from the epicenter and local geological conditions.
Correct Answer:
Total energy released
The Richter magnitude scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake,
which represents the total energy released at the earthquake’s source. It is calculated using seismic wave
amplitudes recorded by seismographs. While the Richter scale reflects energy release, it does not directly
measure ground shaking intensity, damage, or duration, as these depend on other factors such as distance
from the epicenter and local geological conditions.
Correct Answer:
Total energy released
4.
El Niño events are characterized by:
- A. Warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific
- B. Cooling of surface waters in the western Pacific
- C. Increased upwelling along South America
- D. Stronger trade winds
Explanation
Explanation
El Niño events are characterized by the warming of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific
Ocean. This warming disrupts normal oceanic and atmospheric circulation, weakening the trade winds
and reducing upwelling along the coast of South America. The result is significant climate impacts
worldwide, including altered precipitation patterns, droughts, and flooding in various regions. El Niño is
part of the larger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which alternates between warm (El Niño)
and cool (La Niña) phases.
Correct Answer:
Warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific
El Niño events are characterized by the warming of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific
Ocean. This warming disrupts normal oceanic and atmospheric circulation, weakening the trade winds
and reducing upwelling along the coast of South America. The result is significant climate impacts
worldwide, including altered precipitation patterns, droughts, and flooding in various regions. El Niño is
part of the larger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which alternates between warm (El Niño)
and cool (La Niña) phases.
Correct Answer:
Warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific
5.
An unconformity in a rock sequence represents:
- A. A period of deposition
- B. A period of erosion or non-deposition
- C. Volcanic activity
- D. Metamorphism
Explanation
Explanation
An unconformity in a rock sequence signifies a gap in the geologic record caused by a period of erosion
or lack of deposition. During this time, previously formed layers may have been eroded away before new
sediments were deposited, creating a boundary between older and younger rocks. Unconformities are
important because they reveal episodes of crustal movement, uplift, or sea-level change that interrupt the
continuous deposition of sediments.
Correct Answer:
A period of erosion or non-deposition
An unconformity in a rock sequence signifies a gap in the geologic record caused by a period of erosion
or lack of deposition. During this time, previously formed layers may have been eroded away before new
sediments were deposited, creating a boundary between older and younger rocks. Unconformities are
important because they reveal episodes of crustal movement, uplift, or sea-level change that interrupt the
continuous deposition of sediments.
Correct Answer:
A period of erosion or non-deposition
6.
The primary source of energy for Earth’s weather systems is:
- A. Geothermal heat
- B. The Sun
- C. Tidal forces
- D. Lightning
Explanation
Explanation
The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth’s weather systems. Solar radiation heats the
atmosphere, oceans, and land unevenly, creating temperature and pressure differences that drive wind,
ocean currents, and weather patterns. This energy also powers the water cycle, including evaporation,
condensation, and precipitation, which are central to weather phenomena such as storms, hurricanes, and
seasonal climate variations. Geothermal heat and other sources contribute minimally compared to solar
energy.
Correct Answer:
The Sun
The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth’s weather systems. Solar radiation heats the
atmosphere, oceans, and land unevenly, creating temperature and pressure differences that drive wind,
ocean currents, and weather patterns. This energy also powers the water cycle, including evaporation,
condensation, and precipitation, which are central to weather phenomena such as storms, hurricanes, and
seasonal climate variations. Geothermal heat and other sources contribute minimally compared to solar
energy.
Correct Answer:
The Sun
7.
The largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is found in:
- A. Atmosphere
- B. Biosphere
- C. Sedimentary rocks
- D. Oceans
Explanation
Explanation
The largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is found in sedimentary rocks, including limestone, dolomite,
and other carbonate-rich formations. These rocks store carbon over geologic timescales, far exceeding the
amounts present in the atmosphere, oceans, or biosphere. Carbon in sedimentary rocks originates from the
accumulation of organic matter and shells of marine organisms that are eventually lithified, making these
rocks a critical component of the long-term carbon cycle and global climate regulation.
Correct Answer:
Sedimentary rocks
The largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is found in sedimentary rocks, including limestone, dolomite,
and other carbonate-rich formations. These rocks store carbon over geologic timescales, far exceeding the
amounts present in the atmosphere, oceans, or biosphere. Carbon in sedimentary rocks originates from the
accumulation of organic matter and shells of marine organisms that are eventually lithified, making these
rocks a critical component of the long-term carbon cycle and global climate regulation.
Correct Answer:
Sedimentary rocks
8.
The principle of cross-cutting relationships states that:
- A. A fault is younger than the rock it cuts
- B. Older rocks are on top
- C. Sediments are deposited horizontally
- D. Fossils indicate climate
Explanation
Explanation
The principle of cross-cutting relationships is a fundamental concept in geology that states any geologic
feature, such as a fault or intrusion, that cuts across existing rock layers is younger than the rocks it
disrupts. This principle allows geologists to determine the relative ages of rock formations and understand
the sequence of geologic events. By identifying which rocks are cut and which features are responsible,
scientists can reconstruct the chronological order of Earth's history in a given area.
Correct Answer:
A fault is younger than the rock it cuts
The principle of cross-cutting relationships is a fundamental concept in geology that states any geologic
feature, such as a fault or intrusion, that cuts across existing rock layers is younger than the rocks it
disrupts. This principle allows geologists to determine the relative ages of rock formations and understand
the sequence of geologic events. By identifying which rocks are cut and which features are responsible,
scientists can reconstruct the chronological order of Earth's history in a given area.
Correct Answer:
A fault is younger than the rock it cuts
9.
A disconformity is a type of unconformity between:
- A. Parallel sedimentary layers
- B. Igneous and sedimentary rocks
- C. Tilted and horizontal layers
- D. Metamorphic and igneous rocks
Explanation
Explanation
A disconformity is an unconformity that occurs between parallel sedimentary layers, representing a
period of erosion or non-deposition that interrupts the normal deposition of sediments. Although the
layers above and below the disconformity remain parallel, the gap in the geologic record indicates
missing time. Disconformities can be challenging to identify in the field because the rock layers appear
continuous, but careful study of fossils and sedimentary features can reveal the hiatus in deposition.
Correct Answer:
Parallel sedimentary layers
A disconformity is an unconformity that occurs between parallel sedimentary layers, representing a
period of erosion or non-deposition that interrupts the normal deposition of sediments. Although the
layers above and below the disconformity remain parallel, the gap in the geologic record indicates
missing time. Disconformities can be challenging to identify in the field because the rock layers appear
continuous, but careful study of fossils and sedimentary features can reveal the hiatus in deposition.
Correct Answer:
Parallel sedimentary layers
10.
The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 25.0 × 4.18 is:
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Explanation
Explanation
When multiplying numbers, the result must have the same number of significant figures as the factor
with the fewest significant figures. In this case, 25.0 has three significant figures, and 4.18 also has three.
Therefore, the product should be reported with three significant figures. The raw result of 25.0 × 4.18 is
104.5, which when rounded to three significant figures becomes 105.
Correct Answer:
3
When multiplying numbers, the result must have the same number of significant figures as the factor
with the fewest significant figures. In this case, 25.0 has three significant figures, and 4.18 also has three.
Therefore, the product should be reported with three significant figures. The raw result of 25.0 × 4.18 is
104.5, which when rounded to three significant figures becomes 105.
Correct Answer:
3
How to Order
1
Select Your Exam
Click on your desired exam to open its dedicated page with resources like practice questions, flashcards, and study guides.Choose what to focus on, Your selected exam is saved for quick access Once you log in.
2
Subscribe
Hit the Subscribe button on the platform. With your subscription, you will enjoy unlimited access to all practice questions and resources for a full 1-month period. After the month has elapsed, you can choose to resubscribe to continue benefiting from our comprehensive exam preparation tools and resources.
3
Pay and unlock the practice Questions
Once your payment is processed, you’ll immediately unlock access to all practice questions tailored to your selected exam for 1 month .