D396 Evidence-Based Practice for Health and Human Services
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Free D396 Evidence-Based Practice for Health and Human Services Questions
In the Behavior Change Wheel framework used by Health and Human Services to design interventions for increasing uptake of food-benefits among eligible seniors, which central layer identifies whether seniors need better information, improved bus access, or removal of stigma to apply for SNAP benefits?
- Capability, Opportunity, Motivation
- Policy categories
- Intervention functions
- Sources of behavior
Explanation
The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behavior) sits at the core of the Behavior Change Wheel. Assessing whether eligible seniors lack physical opportunity (transport), psychological capability (application knowledge), or reflective motivation (stigma concerns) directly determines whether education, transportation vouchers, or community-outreach events will drive enrollment.
Correct Answer
Capability, Opportunity, Motivation
A social-work student is formulating a PICO(T) question for their capstone on reducing no-show rates for therapy among LGBTQ+ foster youth; which timeframe component should be added to make the question more specific and measurable, such as “within the first 90 days of placement” or “over the first 12 months of services”?
- Population
- Intervention
- Comparison
- Time
Explanation
The “T” in PICO(T) specifies the time frame or duration over which the outcome will be measured, allowing precise inclusion criteria and realistic expectations. Adding “within 90 days of new placement” focuses the search on evidence relevant to the critical transition period when foster youth are most likely to disengage from mental-health services.
Correct Answer
Time
A substance-use treatment agency is using the Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC) tool to track rollout of contingency management for opioid use disorder; which stage specifically involves signing contracts with local businesses to provide gift-card rewards for clean drug screens?
- Pre-implementation
- Installation
- Initial implementation
- Full implementation
Explanation
Stage 4 (Installation) includes securing resources and partnerships. Executing MOUs with 18 businesses for $25 gift cards per negative urine test creates the reinforcement system before the first client ever enrolls, completing the infrastructure needed for fidelity.
Correct Answer
Installation
When applying the Dynamic Sustainability Framework (DSF) to maintain a successful mental-health court program over a decade, which core element specifically tracks whether the original diversion criteria still match current offender profiles as substance-use patterns shift from opioids to methamphetamine?
- Intervention
- Practice setting
- Ecological system
- Ongoing adaptation
Explanation
Ongoing adaptation monitors fit between the intervention and evolving context. When meth-related charges rose 400% while opioid cases fell, the court adapted by adding stimulant-specific treatment providers and peer coaches with lived meth experience, preventing program drift and sustaining 70% graduation rates.
Correct Answer
Ongoing adaptation
In the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2022 version, which construct within the Innovation domain specifically evaluates whether frontline workers perceive the new electronic health record system as easier to use than the old paper charts despite requiring double documentation during the transition period?
- Innovation relative advantage
- Innovation complexity
- Innovation adaptability
- Innovation cost
Explanation
Innovation relative advantage measures perceived improvement over the status quo. Workers who recognize that EHR auto-populates demographics and flags overdue screenings—even while complaining about double entry—score higher on relative advantage, predicting 88% eventual adoption versus 22% in teams focused only on temporary burdens.
Correct Answer
Innovation relative advantage
In the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) measure used before rolling out a new child-abuse reporting app, which subscale specifically captures whether frontline workers collectively believe “we can handle the extra documentation time this app requires without burning out”?
- Change commitment
- Change efficacy
- Resource readiness
- Leadership support
Explanation
Change efficacy measures shared belief in the team’s capability to execute the change successfully. High scores here mean workers trust that peer coaching and reduced duplicate paperwork will offset the 7-minute average increase in reporting time, predicting 94% app usage versus 41% in low-efficacy agencies.
Correct Answer
Change efficacy
During an evidence-based practice project to improve medication adherence among low-income seniors receiving home-health services, the team has finished acquiring and appraising ten relevant studies; which of the five A's of EBP should they perform next to translate their findings into actual changes in daily case-management protocols?
- Ask the question
- Acquire the evidence
- Appraise the evidence
- Apply the evidence
Explanation
After asking a focused question, acquiring articles, and appraising their quality and applicability, the fourth step “Apply the evidence” requires the Health and Human Services team to integrate the best available research with clinical expertise and client values to create concrete practice changes. This might involve drafting new medication reconciliation checklists, training aides on motivational interviewing, or partnering with pharmacies for blister packaging—turning evidence into actionable service improvements that directly benefit vulnerable seniors.
Correct Answer
Apply the evidence
A human-services researcher is evaluating a systematic review on the effectiveness of peer-support programs for refugees with PTSD; using the AMSTAR 2 tool, which critical domain must be rated “Yes” to ensure the review’s search strategy was comprehensive enough to minimize bias in the pooled results?
- Was an explicit statement that the review methods were established prior to the conduct of the review?
- Did the review authors use a comprehensive literature search strategy?
- Did the review authors provide a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions?
- Was risk of bias from individual studies assessed using a validated tool?
Explanation
AMSTAR 2 rates systematic-review quality across 16 domains, but a comprehensive literature search strategy (domain 4) is critical because it requires at least two electronic databases, grey-literature sources, reference-list checking, and consultation with experts. Without this breadth, important studies could be missed, leading to biased conclusions about peer-support effectiveness for traumatized refugee populations.
Correct Answer
Did the review authors use a comprehensive literature search strategy?
A human-services researcher is using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to fully describe a motivational interviewing program for parents involved with child protective services; which item specifically requires detailing how many sessions, how long each lasts, and whether they occur in-person, by phone, or virtually?
- What (materials)
- How (mode of delivery)
- When and how much (dose)
- Where (location)
Explanation
TIDieR item 8 “When and how much” captures the number of sessions (typically 6–12 for MI in child welfare), duration (45–60 minutes), frequency (weekly), and total program length (3–6 months). Clear dosing information allows replication and cost modeling when scaling evidence-based parenting programs across counties.
Correct Answer
When and how much (dose)
When using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to document a peer-led diabetes prevention program for Somali elders, which item requires the agency to specify exactly how peer educators were selected, trained for 40 hours using role-play videos, and received weekly supervision calls?
- Why (rationale)
- What (materials)
- Who provided
- How much (dose)
Explanation
TIDieR item 9 “Who provided” demands full description of provider selection criteria, professional background, and specific training/supervision protocols. Detailing that Somali elders with controlled diabetes completed 40 hours of culturally adapted training ensures other agencies can replicate the exact peer-educator model that achieved 68% enrollment.
Correct Answer
Who provided
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