Foundation Exam #5 Summer 2025
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Free Foundation Exam #5 Summer 2025 Questions
1. 3. When teaching a client, it would be ideal for the nurse to ensure the following for an optimal teaching environment: Select all that apply. One, some, or all options may be correct.
- A. A well-lit space
- B. An area free of distractions
- C. In the cafeteria
- D. Meeting at the nurse’s station to talk
Explanation
A. A well-lit space: A well-lit environment helps the client clearly see teaching materials, written instructions, and demonstrations. Proper lighting enhances concentration and prevents visual strain, allowing the client to engage fully in the teaching session. It is especially important for older adults or clients with impaired vision to ensure they can read handouts and observe procedures accurately. B. An area free of distractions: A quiet, private space minimizes interruptions and noise that can interfere with comprehension and retention. Teaching in a distraction-free area helps the client focus entirely on the information being shared, improving understanding and recall. It also promotes open communication, allowing the client to ask questions without embarrassment or external pressure.
2. 22. While planning care for a client, a nurse understands that providing integrative care includes treating which of the following?
- A. Mind-body-spirit of clients.
- B. Disease, spirit, and family interactions.
- C. Desires and emotions of the client.
- D. Muscles, nerves, and spine disorders.
Explanation
Integrative care focuses on treating the whole person—the mind, body, and spirit—rather than just the disease. It blends conventional medical treatments with evidence-based complementary therapies to support overall wellness, balance, and healing. This approach emphasizes the client’s physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual needs, promoting harmony and self-care for long-term health.
3. 43. The UAP has been tasked with collecting and charting the client’s overall output. Which of the following are within the scope of the UAP? Select all that apply. One, some, or all options may be correct.
- A. Emesis
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Urine
- D. Beverages consumed during breakfast
- E. IV Fluids
Explanation
A. Emesis: Measuring and documenting vomit (emesis) output is within the UAP’s scope of practice, as it is a measurable bodily output. The nurse will later interpret and evaluate the significance of the findings. B. Diarrhea: UAPs can observe, measure, and document stool output (including diarrhea). They should report abnormal color, consistency, or frequency to the nurse. C. Urine: Recording urine output is a basic responsibility of the UAP. Accurate measurement is essential for monitoring hydration and kidney function.
4. 5. A client’s labs have just resulted in the EHR. The nurse notes which of the following laboratory values is a basic pH?
- A. pH of 7.6
- B. pH of 7.2
- C. pH of 7.35
- D. pH of 7.3
Explanation
The normal blood pH range is 7.35 to 7.45. A pH greater than 7.45 indicates alkalosis (basic pH), while a pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. Therefore, a pH of 7.6 reflects a basic or alkaline state, suggesting that the client may be experiencing metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. The nurse should assess for potential causes such as hyperventilation, excessive vomiting, or overuse of antacids.
5. 10. The nurse administers 0.45% Normal Saline intravenous (IV) to a client. In which direction will the fluid shift?
- A. Intracellular to Extracellular
- B. Extracellular to Intracellular
- C. Hypercellular to Interstitial
- D. Hypertonic to Homeostatic
Explanation
0.45% Normal Saline is a hypotonic IV solution, meaning it has a lower solute concentration than plasma. When infused, water moves from the extracellular space (blood and interstitial fluid) into the intracellular space (cells) to balance osmotic pressure. This shift causes cells to swell as they take in water. Hypotonic fluids are often used to treat cellular dehydration, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hypernatremia.
6. 29. A 50-year-old male client recently had a bowel diversion with permanent colostomy for colon cancer. While teaching the client about ostomy care, the client seems hesitant to look in the mirror and continually asks the nurse to empty the colostomy bag. The nurse knows to allow for time for the grief process because:
- A. The client should set goals about having colostomy reversal.
- B. Learning occurs during the acceptance stage of grief.
- C. The client will take many years to be open to learning.
- D. The client should have someone else perform colostomy care.
Explanation
After a colostomy, clients often experience grief and body image disturbance related to the loss of normal bowel function. The nurse recognizes that teaching readiness depends on the client’s emotional stage in the grieving process. Effective learning occurs during the acceptance stage, when the client begins to acknowledge the new reality and is emotionally ready to engage in self-care. Allowing time and emotional support facilitates this adjustment.
7. 33. A nurse working in a busy emergency department is performing a client assessment and asks about their sleep schedule. The client reports bouts of sleepiness during bathing and toileting, as well as while driving. The client also reports not having any memory of these events. The nurse knows that this may be related to:
- A. Respiratory Distress
- B. Cataplexy
- C. Bruxism
- D. Narcolepsy
Explanation
Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of sudden sleep attacks during normal activities such as eating, talking, or driving. Clients often have no memory of falling asleep and may feel refreshed afterward. This condition occurs due to a dysfunction in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles and can pose serious safety risks if untreated.
8. 11. Which of the following scenarios demonstrate that client learning has taken place?
- A. A client listens to a nurse's review of the warning signs of a stroke.
- B. A client demonstrates how to take his blood pressure at home.
- C. A client reviews written information about resources for cancer survivors.
- D. A client attends a spinal cord injury support group.
Explanation
Learning is demonstrated by a change in behavior or the application of knowledge. When the client demonstrates how to take his blood pressure at home, it shows that he has not only received information but also understood and applied it correctly, reflecting effective teaching and learning. Psychomotor skill demonstration is a clear, observable indicator that learning has occurred.
9. 44. A new nurse is orienting in the operating room. The nurse knows that a "Time Out" before putting the client to sleep for surgery is important for what reason:
- A. Time Outs consist of only the circulating nurse and scrub nurse, not the healthcare provider (HCP).
- B. Time Outs ensure a client has had a head-to-toe assessment performed.
- C. Time Outs help to ensure the correct client and procedure thus keeping them safe.
- D. Time Outs are not really necessary and can be skipped if there's no time to perform it.
Explanation
A “Time Out” is a mandatory safety protocol performed immediately before a surgical procedure begins. It involves the entire surgical team — including the surgeon, anesthesiologist, circulating nurse, and scrub nurse — pausing to confirm the correct patient, procedure, and surgical site. This step prevents serious errors such as wrong-site, wrong-procedure, or wrong-patient surgery and is a critical component of the Joint Commission’s Universal Protocol for Patient Safety.
10. 25. The nurse is preparing a client for surgery and the client states: “I really don’t like the pharmaceutical industry and do not trust doctors. I prefer alternative medicine and supplements.” The following is the most appropriate and therapeutic response made by the nurse:
- A. "The medicines you are prescribed are ones you should take without question."
- B. "You should trust all doctors!"
- C. "Can you tell me more about what supplements and herbal remedies you take at home?"
- D. "I am not a doctor, so you can trust me."
Explanation
This response is therapeutic and promotes open communication. It encourages the client to share information about their use of supplements or alternative therapies, which helps the nurse identify potential interactions with prescribed medications or surgical risks (e.g., increased bleeding from ginkgo or garlic). It also shows respect for the client’s beliefs and builds trust without judgment or confrontation.
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