Linux Foundations (D281)
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Free Linux Foundations (D281) Questions
Which directory is typically recommended to have a separate partition to ensure the bootloader and kernel files are isolated from other system files
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/var
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/tmp
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/boot
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/etc
Explanation
Correct Answer C. /boot
Explanation
The /boot directory is recommended to have a separate partition because it contains essential files for booting the system, including the bootloader and the kernel. Isolating it ensures that the boot files are not affected by other system operations or potential issues in the rest of the filesystem. This can improve system security and recovery.
Why other options are wrong
A. /var
The /var directory contains variable files such as logs and caches. It does not typically contain boot-related files and is not usually placed on a separate partition to ensure kernel and bootloader isolation.
B. /tmp
The /tmp directory is used for temporary file storage and is not relevant to system boot or kernel files. It is often cleared upon reboot, making it unsuitable for placing the bootloader and kernel files.
D. /etc
The /etc directory contains configuration files for the system but does not contain the bootloader or kernel. It is not typically isolated on a separate partition for boot-related purposes.
The command used to display the manual pages for any command is
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man
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manual
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show
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list
Explanation
Correct Answer A. man
Explanation
The man command is used to display the manual pages for commands in Unix-like operating systems. By typing man <command_name>, you can access detailed documentation for any available command.
Why other options are wrong
B. manual
There is no command called manual in most Unix-like systems. The correct command is man for accessing manual pages.
C. show
show is not used for displaying manual pages. It might be used in some specific contexts for showing certain system information, but not for manuals.
D. list
list is not a valid command for viewing manual pages. It is not recognized in the context of displaying command documentation.
Which file is used to indicate the local time zone on a Linux server
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/etc/timez
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/etc/timezoneconfig
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/etc/timezone
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/etc/localtz
Explanation
Correct Answer C. /etc/timezone
Explanation
The /etc/timezone file is used to specify the local time zone on many Linux distributions. It contains the name of the time zone in a readable format, such as America/New_York.
Why other options are wrong
A. /etc/timez
This is not a valid file. There is no /etc/timez file on standard Linux systems for time zone configuration.
B. /etc/timezoneconfig
This file does not exist by default in Linux distributions. Time zone configuration is typically stored in /etc/timezone or handled by the timedatectl command in modern systems.
D. /etc/localtz
There is no /etc/localtz file. The correct file for storing the time zone is /etc/timezone.
During a needs assessment for a new Linux server deployment, which of the following questions is essential to determine the required specifications
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What applications will be run on the server?.
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What is the color scheme for the server room?
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Who will be responsible for maintaining the server?
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How many users will access the server simultaneously?
Explanation
Correct Answer A. What applications will be run on the server?
Explanation
Determining what applications will be run on the server is crucial to assessing the server's resource requirements, including CPU, RAM, storage, and network capabilities. Different applications, such as databases, web servers, or virtualization software, have varying demands. This helps ensure that the server specifications are aligned with the anticipated workload.
Why other options are wrong
B. What is the color scheme for the server room?
While the color scheme might be important for aesthetics, it is not a factor that directly affects the server’s hardware or software specifications. Server specifications are based on performance needs rather than the appearance of the server room.
C. Who will be responsible for maintaining the server?
Knowing who will maintain the server is important for organizational planning, but it does not impact the server's technical specifications. The specifications are determined by the applications, load, and user needs, not by the maintenance responsibilities.
D. How many users will access the server simultaneously?
While the number of simultaneous users may influence the server’s performance requirements, it is not as direct or comprehensive as understanding the applications that will run on the server. Different applications may handle user load in different ways, so the primary concern is what will be run on the server, which will dictate how many users it can handle.
Which command can be used to display the manual page for the Samba configuration file
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man smb.conf
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man -k samba
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man samba
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man -f smb.conf
Explanation
Correct Answer A. man smb.conf
Explanation
The correct command to view the manual page for the Samba configuration file is man smb.conf. This command will show the manual or documentation related to smb.conf, which is the configuration file for Samba.
Why other options are wrong
B. man -k samba
This command searches for all manual pages related to the keyword "samba." It does not display the manual page for smb.conf, but it may list related entries.
C. man samba
This command shows the manual page for the Samba command, not specifically for the smb.conf configuration file.
D. man -f smb.conf
The -f option is used to show the manual page for a specific file, but it is not the correct syntax for displaying a manual page for smb.conf. The proper command is man smb.conf.
You are creating a Linux program that needs to write data to a hard disk. In order to save time, you decide to have your program call a pre-written code element that tells the operating system to perform the task. What is this focused pre-written code element called
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Distribution
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Embedded
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Kernel
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Library
Explanation
Correct Answer D. Library
Explanation
A library is a collection of pre-written code that programs can use to perform common tasks, such as writing to a hard disk. By using libraries, developers can save time and ensure their programs interact correctly with the operating system. Libraries provide tested and optimized routines, which enhance code reliability and efficiency.
Why other options are wrong
A. Distribution
A distribution refers to a complete Linux operating system package, which includes the kernel, system tools, libraries, and applications. It is not a specific code element that can be called by a program to perform a task. Therefore, it does not fit the context of reusable code for writing to a disk.
B. Embedded
The term "embedded" generally refers to software or hardware integrated into a larger system, often with a specific function. While embedded systems may use libraries, the term itself does not describe a reusable code component within a program.
C. Kernel
The kernel is the core of the operating system that manages system resources and hardware. Programs do not typically call the kernel directly but interact with it through system calls or libraries. Therefore, while the kernel performs the task, the reusable element used by the program is the library, not the kernel itself.
In vi editor, what does this command do
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syntax error
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search for the term "clear" from the beginning of the file
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clear the screen
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search for the term "clear" from the cursor position
Explanation
Correct Answer D. search for the term "clear" from the cursor position
Explanation
In the vi editor, entering /clear initiates a search for the term "clear" starting from the current cursor position and moving forward through the file. This is a standard way to search for strings in vi, using the forward slash / followed by the search term. The search does not start from the beginning unless the cursor is already positioned there.
Why other options are wrong
A. syntax error
The command /clear is a valid search syntax in vi and will not result in a syntax error. A syntax error would only occur if the command format was invalid or unsupported, which is not the case here.
B. search for the term "clear" from the beginning of the file
While it does search for the term "clear", it begins the search from the current cursor position, not from the start of the file. To search from the beginning, a user would need to first move the cursor to the top using gg before issuing the /clear command.
C. clear the screen
Clearing the screen in vi is done using the Ctrl+L command, not /clear. The slash indicates a search operation, not a screen refresh. Therefore, this choice misrepresents what the command actually performs.
The /proc file system is known as a ____-file system, which directly interfaces with the kernel and is stored in memory
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virtual
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logical
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pseudo
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real
Explanation
Correct Answer C. pseudo
Explanation
The /proc file system is a pseudo-file system, meaning it does not store data on disk but instead provides a window into the internal data of the kernel and system. It allows access to kernel parameters, system information, and process details, and is stored in memory rather than being a traditional file system stored on disk.
Why other options are wrong
A. virtual
While /proc can be thought of as "virtual" in some senses due to its dynamic nature, the more precise term for it is "pseudo," reflecting its nature as an interface to kernel data structures rather than a traditional file system.
B. logical
The term "logical" file system does not apply to /proc. Logical file systems are used to manage disk storage and are not associated with memory-based virtual systems like /proc.
D. real
A "real" file system would refer to a physical storage device that holds files on disk. /proc does not fit this description, as it exists only in memory and provides kernel interface data.
Who can modify Linux
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No one
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Only the original coders
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Anyone
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Programmers
Explanation
Correct Answer C. Anyone
Explanation
Linux is open-source software, meaning its source code is freely available for anyone to modify, improve, and redistribute. This open-source nature allows individuals, programmers, and organizations to modify Linux according to their needs, provided they adhere to the licensing terms (such as the GNU General Public License).
Why other options are wrong
A. No one
This is incorrect because Linux is open-source, and anyone can modify it. It is not restricted to any single person or group.
B. Only the original coders
While the original coders created Linux, the open-source nature of the operating system means that anyone can modify it, not just the original creators.
D. Programmers
While programmers are the ones who typically modify Linux, the statement "programmers" alone is too narrow. Anyone, regardless of programming experience, can modify Linux, as long as they follow the licensing terms.
If you are setting up a new Linux server on a machine equipped with an Intel 64-bit processor, which architecture version should you select for the installation of Ubuntu
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i386
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amd64
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arm64
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x86
Explanation
Correct Answer B. amd64
Explanation
The amd64 architecture is the 64-bit version of Ubuntu for processors that are compatible with the x86-64 instruction set. Even though it was initially developed by AMD, it is used by both Intel and AMD processors with 64-bit capabilities. This is the appropriate architecture for a 64-bit Intel processor.
Why other options are wrong
A. i386
The i386 architecture is the 32-bit version for older Intel and AMD processors. It is not suitable for modern 64-bit Intel processors and is generally deprecated for newer systems.
C. arm64
The arm64 architecture is used for ARM processors, which are not compatible with Intel processors. ARM processors are typically used in mobile devices and certain server environments.
D. x86
x86 typically refers to the 32-bit architecture. It is an older version of the x86 family and is not appropriate for modern Intel 64-bit processors. The correct architecture for a 64-bit Intel processor is amd64.
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