ATI RN VATI Comprehensive Predictor
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Free ATI RN VATI Comprehensive Predictor Questions
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving enteral feedings via a gastrostomy tube. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates fluid overload?
- Diminished bowel sounds
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Bounding pulses
Explanation
Bounding pulses are a classic sign of fluid volume overload. Excess circulating volume
increases the force of cardiac contractions, producing strong, forceful peripheral pulses. Clients
receiving enteral feedings are at risk for fluid overload if the feeding volume or rate exceeds their
tolerance. Recognizing bounding pulses early allows the nurse to intervene and prevent
complications such as pulmonary edema.
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The gastric residual volume is 250 mL following 2 hr of infusion.
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The client is lying in a supine position.
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The infusion pump for administering continuous feeding is turned off.
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The enteral feeding bag and tubing are not dated.
Explanation
A client receiving continuous enteral feedings must have the head of the bed elevated at least 30–45 degrees to prevent aspiration, which is especially critical following a partial laryngectomy due to the already compromised airway and altered swallowing mechanics. A supine position significantly increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia and requires immediate intervention.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A gastric residual of 250 mL after 2 hours warrants monitoring and may prompt holding the feeding, but it is not as immediately life-threatening as aspiration risk from a flat position. An infusion pump being turned off requires correction but does not pose the same immediate danger as aspiration. Undated tubing and bags are a safety concern related to infection control policy but do not require immediate intervention compared to aspiration risk.
A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing peritoneal dialysis and notes that the dialysate outflow has become cloudy. Which of the following complications of this procedure should the nurse suspect?
- Bleeding
- Peritonitis
- Poor dialysate flow
- Fibrin clot formation
Explanation
B. Peritonitis:
Cloudy dialysate outflow is a classic and early sign of peritonitis, the most serious
complication of peritoneal dialysis. It indicates the presence of white blood cells and infection in
the peritoneal cavity. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness. This
requires immediate provider notification, culture of the effluent, and initiation of antibiotics.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is at 8 weeks of gestation and experiencing episode of nausea and vomiting. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- Brush teeth immediately after eating.
- Lay down for 30 min after meals.
- Drink 12 oz of water with each meal.
- Eat a dry carbohydrate before getting out of bed.
Explanation
D. Eat a dry carbohydrate before getting out of bed:
During early pregnancy, nausea and vomiting (morning sickness) are frequently worsened by an
empty stomach and sudden changes in position. Eating a dry carbohydrate—such as crackers or
toast—before getting out of bed stabilizes blood sugar, provides a gentle start to digestion, and
reduces queasiness. This is a well-established, first-line recommendation for managing morning
sickness.
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Adjust the straps on the harness once per week.
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Use only ultra-thin diapers applied over the straps.
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Maintain the child in a prone position while the harness is in place.
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Gently massage the skin under the straps once per day.
Explanation
Correct Answer: D) Gently massage the skin under the straps once per day.
Gently massaging the skin under the Pavlik harness straps once daily promotes circulation, prevents skin breakdown, and allows the caregiver to assess for redness, irritation, or pressure injuries beneath the device. This is an important skin care instruction to include in harness teaching.
Straps should only be adjusted by the healthcare provider — never by the guardian — to maintain the precise hip positioning required for treatment. Diapers should be placed under the straps, not over them, to keep the harness clean and dry and prevent skin irritation. The prone position is contraindicated while the harness is in place as it can displace the hips from the correct abducted position required for treatment.
A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse assign to an assistive personnel?
- A client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and needs guidance on incentive spirometry
- A client who had a myocardial infarction 3 days ago and reports chest discomfort
- A client who had a stroke 2 days ago and needs help toileting
- A client who has awoken following a bronchoscopy and requests a drink
Explanation
Helping a stable client with toileting is an appropriate task for assistive personnel. This activity
is routine, noninvasive, requires no clinical judgment, and does not involve teaching or
assessment. A client 2 days post-stroke who simply needs physical assistance with ADLs falls
safely within the AP’s scope of practice.
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Koplik spots
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Sore throat
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Vertigo
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Malaise
-
Splenomegaly
Explanation
Correct Answer: B) Sore throat, D) Malaise, and E) Splenomegaly
Infectious mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, classically presents with the triad of severe sore throat (exudative pharyngitis/tonsillitis), profound malaise and fatigue, and splenomegaly due to lymphoid tissue proliferation. These are hallmark findings of the disease.
Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles (rubeola), not mononucleosis, and should not be selected. Vertigo is not a characteristic finding of infectious mononucleosis and is not associated with this diagnosis.
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has respiratory syncytial virus. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- Wear an N95 respiratory mask while caring for the toddler.
- Place the toddler in a room with negative air pressure.
- Use a designated stethoscope when caring for the toddler.
- Remove the disposable gown after leaving the toddler's room.
Explanation
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) requires contact precautions, which include using dedicated
equipment such as a designated stethoscope to prevent cross-contamination between clients. RSV
spreads easily through contaminated surfaces and direct contact, so assigning equipment that
stays in the room helps prevent transmission. This is a standard and essential infection-control
practice for RSV.
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Varenicline
-
Disulfiram
-
Sertraline
-
Clonidine
Explanation
Correct Answer: C) Sertraline
Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and is among the pharmacological agents used in the treatment of gambling disorder. SSRIs are prescribed to address the impulsivity, compulsive behavior, and underlying mood dysregulation associated with gambling disorder, often used in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy.
Varenicline is a nicotinic receptor partial agonist used specifically for smoking cessation and has no established role in gambling disorder treatment. Disulfiram is an alcohol deterrent medication used in alcohol use disorder — it causes an unpleasant reaction when alcohol is consumed and is not indicated for gambling disorder. Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for hypertension, ADHD, and opioid withdrawal management — it is not a treatment for gambling disorder.
A nurse is caring for a preschool-age child who has a short-leg, plaster cast applied 1 hr ago. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention?
- Restrict movement of the toes of the affected leg.
- Dry the cast with a hair dryer set on a warm setting.
- Reposition the affected leg using fingertips.
- Support the affected leg on a pillow.
Explanation
D. Support the affected leg on a pillow:
Supporting the extremity on a pillow helps reduce swelling and promotes comfort after cast
application. Elevation also assists with venous return and decreases the risk of complications
such as compartment syndrome. A new plaster cast must remain uncovered and be handled
gently, and elevating the limb is an appropriate and safe intervention.
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