CHEM101 (E-1) Chemistry I - Eastwick College
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Free CHEM101 (E-1) Chemistry I - Eastwick College Questions
The mass of which of the following is the least?
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A neutron
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A proton
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A hydrogen nucleus
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A hydrogen atom
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An electron
Explanation
Correct Answer: (E) An electron
An electron has a mass of approximately 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg, which is about 1/1836 the mass of a proton or neutron. Electrons are by far the lightest of the subatomic particles listed, making them the least massive among all the options provided.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. A neutron — A neutron has a mass of approximately 1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, which is roughly 1836 times heavier than an electron.
B. A proton — A proton has a mass of approximately 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, nearly identical to a neutron and also roughly 1836 times heavier than an electron.
C. A hydrogen nucleus — The hydrogen nucleus is a single proton, so its mass is essentially equal to that of a proton, approximately 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, far greater than an electron.
D. A hydrogen atom — A hydrogen atom consists of one proton and one electron. Its mass is approximately equal to that of a proton plus an electron, making it heavier than an electron alone.
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in a ²⁵Mg²⁺ ion?
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12 protons, 12 electrons, and 13 neutrons
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12 protons, 14 electrons, and 13 neutrons
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12 protons, 10 electrons, and 13 neutrons
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12 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons
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13 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons
Explanation
Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number of 12, so it always has 12 protons. The 2+ charge means magnesium has lost 2 electrons, so the number of electrons is 12 − 2 = 10 electrons. The mass number is 25, so the number of neutrons is calculated as:
25 − 12 = 13 neutrons
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 13 neutrons — This describes a neutral magnesium atom with no charge. The 2+ ion has lost 2 electrons, giving 10 electrons, not 12.
B. 12 protons, 14 electrons, and 13 neutrons — Having 14 electrons would represent a Mg²⁻ ion, which has gained 2 electrons. The ion described is Mg²⁺, which loses electrons.
D. 12 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons — The neutron count of 12 is incorrect. With a mass number of 25 and 12 protons, the neutron count must be 25 − 12 = 13.
E. 13 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons — Magnesium always has 12 protons, not 13. A proton count of 13 would correspond to aluminum (Al).
The simplest form of a substance is known as a(n) ____
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Compound
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Ion
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Nucleus
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Element
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Mixture
Explanation
An element is the simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Each element is made up of only one type of atom and is represented on the periodic table. Elements are the fundamental building blocks of all matter.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Compound – A compound is formed when two or more elements are chemically combined in fixed proportions. It is more complex than an element, not simpler.
B. Ion – An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a positive or negative charge. It is not the simplest form of a substance.
C. Nucleus – The nucleus is the central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons. It is a component of an atom, not a form of a substance.
E. Mixture – A mixture consists of two or more substances physically combined without a fixed ratio. It is more complex than an element.
Which of these are pure substances?
I. Steam II. Crude oil III. Salt water IV. Gun powder V. Oxygen VI. Mercury
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I, II, and III
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I, III, and V
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I and III
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I, V, and VI
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I, II, III, and V
Explanation
A pure substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition throughout, consisting of either a single element or a single compound. Steam is pure water in gaseous form, composed only of H₂O. Oxygen is a pure element consisting only of oxygen molecules. Mercury is a pure element consisting only of mercury atoms.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. I, II, and III – Crude oil is a mixture of various hydrocarbons, and salt water is a mixture of water and dissolved salts. Neither is a pure substance.
B. I, III, and V – Salt water is a mixture, not a pure substance, so it does not belong in this group.
C. I and III – Salt water is a mixture and does not qualify as a pure substance. This option is incomplete and includes an incorrect substance.
E. I, II, III, and V – Both crude oil and salt water are mixtures and should not be included among pure substances.
Copper has two naturally occurring isotopes. Cu-63 has a mass of 62.939 amu and Cu-65 has a mass of 64.928 amu. Based on the atomic mass of copper, which isotope has a higher fractional abundance?
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Cu-63 and Cu-65 have equal fractional abundances.
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Cu-63
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Cu-65
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Fractional abundance is independent of isotopes.
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Insufficient data
Explanation
The standard atomic mass of copper is approximately 63.546 amu. Since this value is much closer to the mass of Cu-63 (62.939 amu) than to Cu-65 (64.928 amu), it indicates that Cu-63 contributes more to the weighted average. This means Cu-63 must have a higher fractional abundance than Cu-65 in naturally occurring copper.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Cu-63 and Cu-65 have equal fractional abundances. — If both isotopes had equal abundance, the atomic mass would be the average of the two masses, approximately 63.93 amu. Since the actual atomic mass of 63.546 amu is lower and closer to Cu-63, the abundances are not equal.
C. Cu-65 — Cu-65 has a lower fractional abundance. If Cu-65 were more abundant, the atomic mass would be closer to 64.928 amu, which it is not.
D. Fractional abundance is independent of isotopes. — This is incorrect. The atomic mass of an element is a weighted average of its isotopes based on their fractional abundances, making abundance directly related to isotopes.
E. Insufficient data — The atomic mass of copper, approximately 63.546 amu, provides sufficient information to determine that Cu-63 has the higher fractional abundance without requiring additional data.
Which of these substances are mixtures
I. Steam II. Crude oil III. Salt water IV. Gun powder V. Oxygen VI. Mercury
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I and III
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II and III
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II, III, IV, and VI
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I, III, and V
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II, III, and IV
Explanation
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined and can be separated by physical means, without a fixed composition. Crude oil is a mixture of various hydrocarbons and organic compounds. Salt water is a mixture of water and dissolved sodium chloride. Gun powder is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. I and III – Steam is pure water in its gaseous state and is a pure substance, not a mixture. Only III qualifies.
B. II and III – This is incomplete as it omits gun powder, which is also a mixture.
C. II, III, IV, and VI – Mercury is a pure element and is not a mixture. This option incorrectly includes mercury.
D. I, III, and V – Steam and oxygen are both pure substances, not mixtures. Only salt water qualifies from this groups
The long jump record is 8.90 m. What is the length in yards? (1 yd = 0.9144 m)
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9.73 yd
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293 yd
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350 yd
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5000 yd
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4204 yd
Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) 9.73 yd
To convert meters to yards, divide the number of meters by the conversion factor of 0.9144 m per yard.
8.90 m ÷ 0.9144 m/yd = 9.73 yd
90 m ÷ 0.9144 m/yd = 9.73 yd
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1.15 mL
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0.137 mL
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1.27 mL
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1.72 mL
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0.868 mL
Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) 0.137 mL
First, calculate the mass of gold worth \(150.00 by dividing the total value by the price per gram:\)150.00 ÷ $56.75/g = 2.643 g
Then calculate the volume using the density formula (Volume = Mass ÷ Density):
2.643 g ÷ 19.3 g/mL = 0.137 mL.
643 g ÷ 19.3 g/mL = 0.137 mL.
- If 15.0 mL of a metal has a mass of 103.0 g, what is the density of the metal?
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1.46 g/mL
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0.146 g/mL
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1550 g/mL
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9.867 g/mL
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6.87 g/mL
Explanation
Correct Answer: (E) 6.87 g/mL
Density is calculated using the formula: Density = Mass ÷ Volume
103.0 g ÷ 15.0 mL = 6.87 g/mL
Determine the correct number of protons and electrons in F⁻.
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9 protons and 11 electrons
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19 protons and 20 electrons
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11 protons and 10 electrons
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9 protons and 10 electrons
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10 protons and 9 electrons
Explanation
Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of 9, which means it always has 9 protons. The symbol F⁻ indicates that fluorine has gained one electron to form a fluoride ion with a charge of −1. Therefore the number of electrons is 9 + 1 = 10 electrons.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. 9 protons and 11 electrons — This would represent a charge of −2, not −1. Gaining 2 electrons would produce F²⁻, not F⁻.
B. 19 protons and 20 electrons — This describes potassium (K⁺) in reverse. Fluorine has an atomic number of 9, not 19.
C. 11 protons and 10 electrons — This describes sodium (Na⁺), which has 11 protons and loses one electron to have 10. This is not fluorine.
E. 10 protons and 9 electrons — This reverses the correct answer. Fluorine has 9 protons, not 10, and as F⁻ it has 10 electrons, not 9.
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